ASSOCIATION OF TOTAL CaCO3 AND ACTIVE CaCO3 WITH GROWTH OF FIVE TREE SPECIES ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Fine Silt ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Effective Site

In Chernozemic soils, active CaCO3, an estimate of the CaCO3 in the clay and fine silt particles, proved to be a more effective site index for several tree species than total CaCO3. In general, active CaCO3 exceeding 7–9% caused incidences of stunted growth and chlorosis. High levels of active CaCO3 within the 0–30 cm soil depth were related to enrichment of CaCO3 in the clay fraction.

scholarly journals Supply Potential and Annual Availability of Timber and Forest Biomass Resources for Energy Considering Inter-Prefectural Trade in Tohoku Region of Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Yusuke Matsuoka ◽  
Hiroaki Shirasawa ◽  
Uichi Hayashi ◽  
Kazuhiro Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Geographical Survey Institute ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Biomass Resource ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Generation Capacity

To promote sustainable timber and forest biomass utilization, this study estimated technically feasible and economically viable availability considering forest regenerations. This study focuses on five prefectures, namely, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, and Yamagata, and considers the trade between these prefectures. The data used in this study include forest registration (tree species and site index) and GIS data (information on roads and subcompartment layers) from the prefectures for private and communal forests. Additionally, this study includes GIS data (subcompartment layers, including tree species) from the Forestry Agency of Japan for national forests as well as 10-m-grid digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Geographical Survey Institute. As a result, supply potentials of timber and forest biomass resources were estimated at 11,388,960 m3/year and 2,277,792 m3/year, respectively. Then, those availabilities were estimated at 1,631,624 m3/year and 326,325 m3/year. Therefore, the rate of availabilities to supply potentials was 14.3%. Since timber production, and wood chip usage from thinned woods and logging residues in 2018 were 4,667,000 m3/year and 889,600 m3/year, respectively, the rates of timber and forest biomass resource availabilities to those values were 35.0% and 36.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the demand was estimated at 951,740 m3/year from 100,000 m3/year with the generation capacity of 5 MW. The rate of forest biomass resource availability versus the demand was 34.2%. The rates were increased to 64.1% with an additional regeneration subsidy, 173.3% with the thinning subsidy, and 181.5% with both subsidies. Thus, the estimated availability with both subsidies met the demand sufficiently in this region.

scholarly journals On the rebound: soil organic carbon stocks can bounce back to near forest levels when agroforests replace agriculture in southern India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 871-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Hombegowda ◽  
O. van Straaten ◽  
M. Köhler ◽  
D. Hölscher
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. Tropical agroforestry has an enormous potential to sequester carbon while simultaneously producing agricultural yields and tree products. The amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered is however influenced by the type of the agroforestry system established, the soil and climatic conditions and management. In this regional scale study, we utilized a chronosequence approach to investigate how SOC stocks changed when the original forests are converted to agriculture, and then subsequently to four different agroforestry systems (AFSs): homegarden, coffee, coconut and mango. In total we established 224 plots in 56 plot clusters across four climate zones in southern India. Each plot cluster consisted of four plots: a natural forest reference plot, an agriculture reference and two of the same AFS types of two ages (30–60 years and > 60 years). The conversion of forest to agriculture resulted in a large loss the original SOC stock (50–61 %) in the top meter of soil depending on the climate zone. The establishment of homegarden and coffee AFSs on agriculture land caused SOC stocks to rebound to near forest levels, while in mango and coconut AFSs the SOC stock increased only slightly above the agriculture stock. The most important variable regulating SOC stocks and its changes was tree basal area, possibly indicative of organic matter inputs. Furthermore, climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation, and soil variables such as clay fraction and soil pH were likewise all important regulators of SOC and SOC stock changes. Lastly, we found a strong correlation between tree species diversity in homegarden and coffee AFSs and SOC stocks, highlighting possibilities to increase carbon stocks by proper tree species assemblies.

Ponderosa Pine Habitat Types as an Indicator of Site Quality in the Dixie National Forest, Utah

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Verbyla ◽  
Richard F. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Quercus Gambelii ◽  
Generally True

Abstract Forest habitat types have been purported to be useful indicators of site quality. This is generally true for habitat types with different dominant tree species. However, few have studied the site indicator value of habitat types with the same dominant tree species. We measured site index (base age 25) from 172 randomly selected plots within the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone of the Dixie National Forest, Utah. The range of site index within any one habitat type was broad. Poor sites occurred on all five habitat types. However, the best sites occurred only on the Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos oreophilus and Pinus ponderosa/Quercus gambelii habitat types. Therefore, habitat type may be useful in predicting the best sites, but only if other site information is used in addition to habitat type. West. J. Appl. For. 4(2):52-54, April 1989.

scholarly journals Relationship between Very Fine Root Distribution and Soil Water Content in Pre- and Post-Harvest Areas of Two Coniferous Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Moein Farahnak ◽  
Keiji Mitsuyasu ◽  
Takuo Hishi ◽  
Ayumi Katayama ◽  
Masaaki Chiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

Tree root system development alters forest soil properties, and differences in root diameter frequency and root length per soil volume reflect differences in root system function. In this study, the relationship between vertical distribution of very fine root and soil water content was investigated in intact tree and cut tree areas. The vertical distribution of root density with different diameter classes (very fine <0.5 mm and fine 0.5–2.0 mm) and soil water content were examined along a slope with two coniferous tree species, Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. The root biomass and length density of very fine roots at soil depth of 0–5 cm were higher in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot than in the Cr. japonica intact plot. Tree cutting caused a reduction in the biomass and length of very fine roots at 0–5 cm soil depth, and an increment in soil water content at 5–30 cm soil depth of the Ch. obtusa cut tree plot one year after cutting. However, very fine root density of the Cr. japonica intact tree plot was quite low and the soil water content in post-harvest areas did not change. The increase in soil water content at 5–30 cm soil depth of the Ch. obtusa cut tree plot could be caused by the decrease in very fine roots at 0–5 cm soil depth. These results suggest that the distribution of soil water content was changed after tree cutting of Ch. obtusa by the channels generated by the decay of very fine roots. It was also shown that differences in root system characteristics among different tree species affect soil water properties after cutting.

scholarly journals Characterization, agricultural potential, and perspectives for the management of light soils in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Kangussu Donagemma ◽  
Pedro Luiz de Freitas ◽  
Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
Ademir Fontana ◽  
Silvio Túlio Spera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Frontier ◽  
Agricultural Potential

Abstract Light soils occupy 8% of the Brazilian territory and are especially expressive in the new and last agricultural frontier in Brazil: the Matopiba region - in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia -, where they represent 20% of the area. These soils fit into the textural classes of sand and loamy sand or sandy loam, down to 0.75-m soil depth or deeper, and they are mainly represented by Neossolos Quartzarênicos (Quartzipsamments) and, partly, by Latossolos (Oxisols) and Argissolos (Ultisols). The understanding of soil functioning depends on the establishment of distinguishing criteria for: organic matter dynamics; content and mineralogy of the clay fraction; coarse sand and total sand contents, in relation to those of fine sand; mean diameter of the sand fraction; and water retention capacity. These criteria can contribute for the zoning and for the conservation and fertility management of light soils, as well as for the estimation of their agricultural potential. Integrated production systems, such as crop-livestock and crop-livestock-forestry integration, besides no-tillage with crop rotation, mixed forestry planting with legumes, and the use of green manure and cover crops are relevant for the proper management of these soils. The objective of this review was to characterize light soils and to highlight the main challenges regarding their agricultural potential and their conservation and fertility managements, in face of the expansion and consolidation of the new Brazilian agricultural frontier.

The effect of wetting pre-treatment on the desorption moisture characteristic of vertisols

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Thorburn ◽  
EA Gardner ◽  
AF Geritz ◽  
KJ Coughlan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Moisture Characteristic ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Maximum Field

Four experiments were conducted by using individual aggregates and ground samples of different soils and a range of wetting pre-treatments to investigate the effect of wetting on the desorption moisture characteristic of Vertisols. Wetting rate was varied by manipulating the energy of the water used to wet up the soil. Fast wetting was found to increase moisture uptake in Vertisols over a wide range of matric potentials (to -38 MPa in one soil). At high matric potentials, additional water uptake ranged up to 0.26 g g-l. These results were attributed to the creation of planar voids within soils between small water-stable aggregates on fast wetting. These voids retained water at matric potentials as low as -90 kPa. At this potential, 40% of additional water taken up on fast wetting was still retained in one soil. At -1500 kPa, fast wet soils retained up to 1.2 times more moisture relative to slow wet soils. The effect of wetting at potentials of -1500 kPa and less appeared to be related to the smectite content of the soil clay fraction and the degree of order of clay quasi-crystals. The soil which showed the greatest effect of fast wetting at these potentials had a less well ordered clay micro-structure. These findings have relevance to field studies, as variations in maximum field soil moisture content, with depth, could be reproduced by tension wetting pre-treatments. This result indicates that reduced rate of subsoil wetting may be responsible for the decrease in maximum field water contents with increasing soil depth, which has been observed in Vertisols. Such profiles have previously been attributed to the effect of overburden and stress potentials alone.

scholarly journals Land Use Changes Affecting Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Topsoil and Subsoil in Northeast Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Benjapon Kunlanit ◽  
Laksanara Khwanchum ◽  
Patma Vityakon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Land Uses

The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of land use on accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) in the soil profile (0–100 cm) and to determine pattern of SOM stock distribution in soil profiles. Soil samples were collected from five soil depths at 20 cm intervals from 0 to 100 cm under four adjacent land uses including forest, cassava, sugarcane, and paddy lands located in six districts of Maha Sarakham province in the Northeast of Thailand. When considering SOM stock among different land uses in all locations, forest soils had significantly higher total SOM stocks in 0–100 cm (193 Mg·C·ha−1) than those in cassava, sugarcane, and paddy soils in all locations. Leaf litter and remaining rice stover on soil surfaces resulted in a higher amount of SOM stocks in topsoil (0–20 cm) than subsoil (20–100 cm) in some forest and paddy land uses. General pattern of SOM stock distribution in soil profiles was such that the SOM stock declined with soil depth. Although SOM stocks decreased with depth, the subsoil stock contributes to longer term storage of C than topsoils as they are more stabilized through adsorption onto clay fraction in finer textured subsoil than those of the topsoils. Agricultural practices, notably applications of organic materials, such as cattle manure, could increase subsoil SOM stock as found in some agricultural land uses (cassava and sugarcane) in some location in our study. Upland agricultural land uses, notably cassava, caused high rate of soil degradation. To restore soil fertility of these agricultural lands, appropriate agronomic practices including application of organic soil amendments, return of crop residues, and reduction of soil disturbance to increase and maintain SOM stock, should be practiced.

Potassium supplying power of a Typic Ustochrept profile using quantity/intensity technique in a long-term fertilized plot

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. RUPA ◽  
S. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
A. SWARUP ◽  
D. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The effect of 27 years of continuous cropping, fertilization and manuring on potassium (K) supplying capacity of a Typic Ustochrept soil profile from Delhi, India under a maize–wheat–cowpea (fodder) cropping system was investigated by employing the quantity/intensity (Q/I) approach. The predominant mineral suite of the <2 μm clay fraction was illite. The values of equilibrium activity ratio of K in solution in equilibrium with the soil (ARKE), labile pools of K (KL), immediately available K (ΔK0), K available with difficulty (KX) and water soluble+exchangeable K (1 M NH4OAc K) in different soil layers (0 to 105 cm) under different treatments were in the following order: 100% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)+farmyard manure (FYM) > 100% NPK > control (no fertilizer) > 100% N >100% NP. The ARKE value, a measure of availability or intensity of labile K in soil decreased with profile depth due to greater K fixation by specific sites in the lower layers. The quantity of specifically sorbed K (KX) and the potential buffering capacity of soil (PBCK) showed a increasing trend with soil depth. In soil without K fertilizer treatments (control, 100% N and 100% NP) about 100% of the total K uptake by crops was from non-exchangeable soil K reserve as compared to 49·5 and 32·2% when annually 84 kg K/ha and 84 kg K/ha+FYM at the rate of 15 t/ha were applied. The results showed the greatest depletion of non-exchangeable K reserves in the plots which did not receive K fertilization. To ensure sustained crop production under intensive cropping, application of recommended dose of NPK plus FYM is required.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Jalingo Metropolis, North-east, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Osujieke D.N ◽  
Obasi N.S. ◽  
Imadojemu P.E ◽  
Ekawa M. ◽  
Angyu M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
North East ◽  
World Reference Base

The study was aimed at the characterizing and the classifying of soils of Jalingo metropo- lis in Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. Profile pit was dug on each of the three different sites of the study area as identified using free survey. The profile pits were described and sampled bases on horizon differentiation for laboratory analyses. A total of 10 samples were collected. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine their coefficient of variation. The result indicated that the horizons were mostly reddish when moist at different contrasting level. The textural classes were mostly loamy sand while the sub-angular blocky structure was observed in the entire subsurface horizons. The horizons of the pedons were well drained. Sand fraction had means of 826.80 g/kg, 816.80 g/kg and 766.8 g/kg for pedons 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Clay fraction increased in an in- creasing soil depth which formed an argillic horizon. Sand fraction, bulk density and parti- cle density recorded low variation (≥0 % ≤5.22 %) in among the pedons. Soil pH(H2O) had a mean of 6.40 in pedon 1, 6.43 in pedon 2 and 6.41 in pedon 3. Organic carbon ranged from ≥2.0 g/kg ≤0.43 g/kg while cation exchange capacity ranged from ≥4.58 cmol/kg ≤5.01 cmol/kg among the pedons. The percent base saturation had a mean of 66.6 %, 65.1 % and 66 % in pedon 1, 2 and 3. Hence, pedons 1 and 2 were classified as Grossarenic Kandiustalfs (Arenic Lixisols), while pedon 3 was classified as Arenic Kandi- ustalfs (Loamic Lixisols) according to USDA soil taxonomy and correlated with world reference base.

scholarly journals The Impact of Site Extremes on the Onset of Phenological Phases of Selected Tree Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124
Author(s):  
Jana Škvareninová
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phenological Phases

In the years 2007–2013 we performed phenological observations of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) at two locations of central Slovakia situated at elevations of 300 m and 530 m a.s.l. The phenophase of first leaves of all tree species started in the second half of April on average, and was conditioned by the average daily air temperatures above 0 °C. The earliest onset was observed at both locations in 2007 due to the highest average air temperature during the observed period, which in March reached the value of 6.1 °C. Colouring of leaves started in the second and third decades of September. Both phenophases began earlier at the location situated at the higher elevation due to the effect of aspect, terrain, and soil depth. During the last 7 years, the average length of the growing season of tree species situated at an elevation of 300 m was from 136 to 152 days, in more extreme conditions at an elevation of 530 m the growing season was shorter by 12 days in the case of blackthorn and by 5 days in the case of hawthorn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document