INCUBATION OF PULVERIZED HOUSEHOLD REFUSE WITH SOIL AND SEWAGE SLUDGE, POULTRY MANURE OR (NH4)2SO4

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. LOEWEN-RUDGERS ◽  
LARRY D. KING ◽  
L.R. WEBBER
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Municipal Refuse ◽  
Digested Liquid ◽  
Land Disposal

Pulverized household refuse (C/N ratio of 60:1) was incubated with Guelph loam (refuse rate of 3.5 or 7%) and sufficient anaerobically digested liquid sewage sludge, liquid poultry manure or (NH4)2SO4 to result in an added waste C/N ratio of 45:1 to 15:1. Most decreases in dry weight occurred during the first 168 days, suggesting that the more readily decomposable organic materials were nearly decomposed by 168 days. Dry weight decreases suggested that rate of refuse decomposition was not influenced by amount of supplemental N or by N carrier, probably because the soil and/or the refuse supplied substantial N. Incubation of refuse and high-N waste with soil resulted in considerably lower nitrate levels than incubation of high-N waste with soil. Incubation of refuse with soil resulted in lower nitrate levels than incubation of soil alone. In most treatments including refuse, nitrate N decreased from 108 ppm to less than 10 ppm at 28 days, remained low until 168 days and then increased. At incubation termination (224 days), nitrate levels in most treatments including refuse were similar to or lower than that for the control (~130 ppm NO3−-N). However, nitrate N levels varied from 214 ppm to 534 ppm at 224 days for those treatments which included 3.5% refuse and the highest level of high-N waste. Decreases in total inorganic N increased with increasing amounts of inorganic N applied, suggesting that immobilization and/or losses through processes such as NH3 volatilization increased with amount of inorganic N applied. Results supported the conclusion derived from associated field and lysimeter studies that were reported elsewhere, that simultaneous land disposal of pulverized municipal refuse and high-N wastes such as liquid sewage sludge or liquid manure is feasible. However, the inorganic N supplying power of the soil should be determined before waste application so that waste levels can be adjusted to avoid large accumulations of nitrate.

SORPTION OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM LIQUID POULTRY MANURE BY SOIL AGGREGATES OF DIFFERING SIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽  
M. H. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Total P

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates

EFFECT OF SOLID AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF ROSSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) IN THE NIGERIAN SAVANNAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-439
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
M. G. Abubakar ◽  
J. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of solid and liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of rosselle in 2016 cropping season at Institute of Agricultural Reserve Zaria, Samaru (11011’N 07038E and 686m) and Institute of Horticultural Research Farm Bagauda (12000’N 8031”Em 488m) in Northern Guinea Savannah and Sudan Savannah Ecological Zones of above sea level Nigeria. Treatments consisted of four levels of solid poultry manure (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0) tons/ha and five levels of liquid organic manure from Grand Total Organic Fertilizer Limited (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.9) litres/ha, which were factorially combined in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data on growth parameter were collected on plant height (cm), plant dry weight (g), leaf Area index crop growth rate (CGR) Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net assimilation rate (NAR) while data on yield parameters like number of calyx per pant, 100 seed weight (g) and  calyx yield per hectare kg/ha were collected. Results showed that plant height, plant dry weight(g), 100 seed weight(g) and calyx dry yield kg/ha had a significant increase with application of 2.0 litres/ha of liquid fertilizer than other rates. While application of solid poultry manure at 3.0ton/ha significantly increases plant height, net assimilation rate, leaf area index and calyx dry weight when compared with other rates. From the results obtained, the combination of 2.0 litres/ha liquid organic fertilizer and 3.0 ton/ha solid poultry manure produce the highest calyx yield at both location.

scholarly journals Land disposal potential of tobacco processing residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino José Tedesco ◽  
Márcio Henrique Lauschner ◽  
Clesio Gianello ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Claudio Henrique Kray
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Corn Plants

Brazil is one of the leaders in the production and trading of tobacco leaves in the global market, which results in a large amount of residues that would be recycled and used as soil fertilizers in agriculture. This research aimed to study the land disposal potential and agricultural use of tobacco processing residues (TPRs), their mineralization and the nutrient supply to the plants. The study was carried out in an open area using pots with 32dm³ of a sandy soil (Paleudult), provided with water drainage collectors and tilled with three corn plants each. Eighteen treatments were tested with mineral fertilization, poultry manure (PM), earthworm compost (EC) and increasing rates (0, 7.5, 15, 30 e 60t ha-1) of TPR D (dust) and TPR S (stem fibers).Treatments with TPRs (15t ha-1) plus mineral supplementation two by two (NP, NK and PK) were also tested, with four replications each. The experiment started in 01/15/2004 and conducted until 03/16/2004, when corn plants were harvested. The response curves showed that the residues application rates between 15 and 20t ha-1 are most adequate for the studied soil. The results indicated that both TPRs may be important sources of biomass and potash and have potential to be recycled in the soil, supplying part of the macronutrients required for proper plant growth.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

scholarly journals Organic matter mineralisation in contrasting agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge .

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro Pedreño ◽  
Ignacio Gómez Lucas ◽  
Jose Martín Soriano Disla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Sludge Application

The mineralisation of organic matter (OM) when sewage sludge was used as amendment in 70 contrasting agricultural soils from Spain was analysed. Soils received a single dose of sewage sludge (equivalent to 50t dry weight ha<sup>-1</sup>) and the O<sub>2</sub> consumption was continuously monitored for 30 days using a multiple sensor respirometer in a laboratory experiment. The cumulative O<sub>2</sub> consumption and rates after 8 and 30 days of incubation (O<sub>2 cum</sub> 8d, 30d and O<sub>2 rate</sub> 8d, 30d), the respiratory quotient (RQ), the maximum O<sub>2</sub> rates over the incubation period (O<sub>2 max</sub>) and time from the beginning of the incubation when O<sub>2 max</sub> occurred (T<sub>max</sub>), were determined in both amended and non-amended soils. Sewage sludge application resulted in increased values for O<sub>2 max</sub>, O<sub>2 rate</sub> 8d, and O<sub>2 cum</sub> 30d. Differences were minor for T<sub>max</sub>, RQ 8d and O<sub>2 rate</sub> 30d. A considerable amount of the initial OM applied was mineralised during the first 8 days. Organic matter decomposition (as expressed by O<sub>2 cum</sub> 30d) was favoured in soils with high values of pH, carbonates, soil organic carbon and low values of amorphous Mn. Soils with these characteristics may potentially lose soil C after sewage sludge application.

scholarly journals Organic carbon dynamics and enzyme activities in agricultural soils amended with biogas slurry, liquid manure and sewage sludge

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Stumpe ◽  
Steffen Werner ◽  
Robert Jung ◽  
Stefanie Heinze ◽  
Elisabeth Jüschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Liquid Manure

Efficiency of RO/NF membranes at the removal of veterinary antibiotics

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dolar ◽  
A. Vuković ◽  
D. Ašperger ◽  
K. Košutić
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Aquaculture Feed ◽  
Municipal Biosolids ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
High Level

The production of pharmaceuticals has increased rapidly during the last several decades as they have been used for the health of both humans and animals. Routes of environmental exposure include the release of treated wastewater, the land disposal of livestock manures and municipal biosolids (i.e. sewage sludge), as well as the use of medicated aquaculture feed. This study deals with application of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes for removing of antibiotic residues (sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone and febantel) and their mixture. According to the results obtained in this work the use of RO (LFC–1 and XLE) and the tight NF (NF90) membranes are recommended to achieve a high level of retention (&gt;95%) of all selected veterinary antibiotics (VAs). Nanofiltration NF270, NF and HL membranes showed a lower rejection of individual components, but much higher in a mixture solution, due to the synergistic effect.

Soil inorganic-N and nitrate leaching on organic farms

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Watson ◽  
S. M. Fowlerf ◽  
D. Wilman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N

SUMMARYOn two organic farms, nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the surface layers of the soil of representative fields were recorded for 2 years. Nitrate-N was also determined in different soil layers down to 120 cm at the beginning, middle and end of two winters and at intervals after ploughing three fields, to seek evidence of leaching.Nitrate-N and ammonium-N were both consistently low in the surface layers of fields in ley. Nitrate-N accumulated in arable soils on some occasions when there was little or no crop uptake of N, after ploughing, and after very heavy applications of manure.There was some evidence of nitrate leaching in all five fields which were deep-sampled. In four cases, the loss by leaching appeared to be < 25 kg N/ha per winter. In the other case, in which a 4-year ley was ploughed on 5 October, the loss by leaching appeared to be c. 70 kg N/ha. Ploughing in winter, rather than early autumn, might have reduced the nitrate leached, but the drilling of the next crop might have been delayed.The nitrate concentration of water draining from recently ploughed sandy soil in Shropshire was high, but it would have been diluted by water draining from unploughed fields.

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