scholarly journals SURFACE AREA AND EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF CLAY IN RELATION TO THE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF GLEYSOLIC SOILS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIERE ◽  
Y. A. MARTEL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Good Agreement

A study was made to determine to what extent the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction can be related to the total surface area (So) as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC) values of Gleysolic soils. Eleven soil profiles were sampled in the regions of Montreal, Quebec and Lake St-Jean. Mineralogical composition, surface area and exchange capacity of the clay fraction, and surface area and exchange capacity of the soils were determined. Results showed good agreement between the experimental measurements of surface area and exchange capacity and the calculated figures obtained by using mineralogical composition and theoretical values of So and CEC of each mineral. The variations in the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction were related to the difference in the degree of evolution of the soils in the three regions.

Mineralogical study of clays from Dobrodo, Serbia, for use in ceramics

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Milošević ◽  
Predrag Dabić ◽  
Sabina Kovač ◽  
Lazar Kaluđerović ◽  
Mihovil Logar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Study

AbstractThis study focuses on the mineralogical characterization of four raw clay samples from Dobrodo deposit, Serbia. Several analytical methods were applied to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition, morphology and physical properties (colour, plasticity, specific surface area, particle size and cation-exchange capacity) of the clay samples. Kaolinite, smectite and illite are the predominant phases in all of the samples studied that contain between 60.2 and 87.1 wt.% of clay. Quartz, feldspars, paragonite and Ti- and Fe-bearing phases were also identified. The relatively high SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio indicates abundant quartz. The cation-exchange capacity of the samples varied between low and moderately charged clay minerals (12–52 mmol 100 g–1) with specific surface area values ranging from 94 to 410 m2 g–1. The plasticity index values (11–23%) suggest low to moderate plasticity. Preliminary results show that most of the raw clay from Dobrodo deposit might be suitable for use in ceramic applications.

Probabilistic Estimation of Specific Surface Area and Cation Exchange Capacity: A Global Multivariate Distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atma Sharma ◽  
Budhaditya Hazra ◽  
Giovanni Spagnoli ◽  
Sreedeep Sekharan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Vine Copula

Specific surface area (SSA) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are two fundamental clay properties. However, the determination of CEC and SSA is challenging due to inherent uncertainties and difficulty in experimental measurement. Popular approach is to employ transformation models for its estimation. However, most of the existing models were developed on limited sample sizes, and quantification of uncertainty associated with the estimate is not possible. Therefore this study proposes a multivariate probabilistic approach for estimation of CEC and SSA. First, a five-dimensional database (278×5) for parameters liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), clay fraction (CF), CEC and SSA (labelled as CLAY/C-S/5/278) is developed. Thereafter, multivariate distribution for the five parameters in the database is constructed using vine copula approach. Implementation of the proposed approach is demonstrated by updating prior/unconditional probability density function (PDFs) of CEC and SSA given single/ multiple clay parameters using Bayes’ rule. The posterior/conditional PDFs of CEC and SSA are also summarized as practitioner friendly analytical expressions. Two geotechnical application examples are also shown. In the proposed approach, CEC and SSA are characterized by their complete joint distribution, and is, therefore, superior to the popular deterministic transformation approach in literature.

Weathering of smectite and illite- smectite under temperate climatic conditions

Clay Minerals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šucha ◽  
J. Środoń ◽  
N. Clauer ◽  
F. Elsass ◽  
D. D. Eberl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Dissolution And Precipitation

AbstractWeathering profiles developed on the top surface of a bentonite (containing Al-Mg montmorillonite) and a K-bentonite (containing mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S)) under Central European temperate conditions were studied by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR, K-Ar and chemical analyses. Weathering of montmorillonite results in the decrease of cation exchange capacity (CEC), total surface area and Mg content. The process is interpreted as montmorillonite dissolution and precipitation of amorphous SiO2. Weathering of I-S produces an increase in CEC and total surface area. The XRD data suggest dissolution of I-S and appearance of smectite as a separate phase at intermediate depths. The fixation of ammonium is documented in the topmost sample. In both profiles, abundant aeolian contaminants, including mica, were identified and their migration was traced using K-Ar dating.

scholarly journals Application of sorption tests to estimate selected properties of alluvial soils in Żuławy Elbląskie

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Andrzej Olchawa ◽  
Jerzy Terlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Alluvial Soils

Application of sorption tests to estimate selected properties of alluvial soils in Żuławy Elbląskie The specific surface area and hence the sorption or desorption moisture at constant water vapour pressure will increase with increasing content of humus and clay fraction in soils. Adopting such an assumption, preliminary experimental studies were performed to assess the possibility of using sorption/desorption tests to determine some features of alluvial soils from Żuławy such as cation exchange capacity CEC and the specific external surface area Se. Results of the sorption tests were compared with the analyses of the same soil properties determined with standard methods to evaluate the usefulness of the former. Preliminary studies showed a high similarity in the determination of CEC and Se with both methods. Confirmed usefulness of sorption/desorption methods for determination of the specific surface area of mineral soil particles and particularly for analyses of cation exchange capacity would bring a significant simplification of studies and a possibility of their dissemination due to the ease of such analyses. Determination of the specific surface area with the sorption and desorption method does not require sophisticated equipment and laborious and costly preliminary procedures. Dissemination of this method and recognition it as a reference one would, however, need further studies on various soil types.

scholarly journals Effect of Low Zeolite Doses on Plants and Soil Physicochemical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Alicja Szatanik-Kloc ◽  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Józefaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Holding

Thousands of tons of zeolitic materials are used yearly as soil conditioners and components of slow-release fertilizers. A positive influence of application of zeolites on plant growth has been frequently observed. Because zeolites have extremely large cation exchange capacity, surface area, porosity and water holding capacity, a paradigm has aroused that increasing plant growth is caused by a long-lasting improvement of soil physicochemical properties by zeolites. In the first year of our field experiment performed on a poor soil with zeolite rates from 1 to 8 t/ha and N fertilization, an increase in spring wheat yield was observed. Any effect on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area (S), pH-dependent surface charge (Qv), mesoporosity, water holding capacity and plant available water (PAW) was noted. This positive effect of zeolite on plants could be due to extra nutrients supplied by the mineral (primarily potassium—1 ton of the studied zeolite contained around 15 kg of exchangeable potassium). In the second year of the experiment (NPK treatment on previously zeolitized soil), the zeolite presence did not impact plant yield. No long-term effect of the zeolite on plants was observed in the third year after soil zeolitization, when, as in the first year, only N fertilization was applied. That there were no significant changes in the above-mentioned physicochemical properties of the field soil after the addition of zeolite was most likely due to high dilution of the mineral in the soil (8 t/ha zeolite is only ~0.35% of the soil mass in the root zone). To determine how much zeolite is needed to improve soil physicochemical properties, much higher zeolite rates than those applied in the field were studied in the laboratory. The latter studies showed that CEC and S increased proportionally to the zeolite percentage in the soil. The Qv of the zeolite was lower than that of the soil, so a decrease in soil variable charge was observed due to zeolite addition. Surprisingly, a slight increase in PAW, even at the largest zeolite dose (from 9.5% for the control soil to 13% for a mixture of 40 g zeolite and 100 g soil), was observed. It resulted from small alterations of the soil macrostructure: although the input of small zeolite pores was seen in pore size distributions, the larger pores responsible for the storage of PAW were almost not affected by the zeolite addition.

Characteristics of variably saturated granular bentonite after long-term storage at near-field relevant temperatures

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valter ◽  
M. Plötze
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity

AbstractBentonite is a potential material for use in the engineered barrier of radioactive waste repositories because of its low hydraulic permeability, self-sealing capability and retention capacity. It is expected that bentonite would react at the elevated temperatures accompanying the radioactive decay in the nuclear waste. The presented study was started in order to improve understanding of the coupled influence of temperature and (pore) water on the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of bentonite during thermal treatment under near-field relevant conditions. Granular Na-bentonite MX-80 was differently saturated (Sr = 1–0.05) and stored at different temperatures (50–150°C) in a closed system. Upon dismantling after different periods of time (3 to 18 months), mineralogical characteristics, cation exchange capacity and content of leachable cations, as well as physicochemical properties such as surface area and water adsorption were investigated.The results showed a high mineralogical stability. A slight conversion from the sodium to an earth alkali form of the bentonite was observed. However, considerable changes in the physicochemical properties of the bentonite were observed, particularly by treatment above the critical temperature of 120°C. The cation exchange capacity decreased during heating at 150°C by approximately. 10%. The specific surface area dropped by more than 50%. The water uptake capacity under free swelling conditions showed a slight tendency to lower values especially for samples heated for more than 12 months. The water vapour adsorption ability in contrast drops by 25% already within three months at T = 120°C. These changes are mostly related to the variations in the interlayer cation composition and to smectite aggregation processes. The observed alterations are rather subtle. However, temperatures ⩾ 120°C had a remarkable negative influence on different properties of MX-80.

Cation exchange capacity of loess and overlying soil in the non-carbonate loess sections, North-Western Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Tomašić ◽  
Štefica Kampić ◽  
Iva Cindrić ◽  
Kristina Pikelj ◽  
Mavro Lučić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Oxalate Extraction ◽  
North Western

AbstractThe adsorption properties in terms of cation exchange capacity and their relation to the soil and sediment constituents (clay minerals, Fe-, Mn-, and Al-oxyhydroxides, organic matter) were investigated in loess, soil-loess transition zone, and soil at four loess-soil sections in North-Western Croatia. Cation exchange capacity of the bulk samples, the samples after oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn and Al, and after removal of organic matter, as well as of the separated clay fraction, was determined using copper ethylenediamine. Cation exchange capacity (pH∼7) of the bulk samples ranges from 5 to 12 cmolc/kg in soil, from 7 to 15 cmolc/kg in the soil-loess transition zone, and from 12 to 20 cmolc/kg in loess. Generally, CEC values increase with depth. Oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn, and Al, and removal of organic matter cause a CEC decrease of 3–38% and 8–55%, respectively, proving a considerable influence of these constituents to the bulk CEC values. In the separated clay fraction (<2 μm) CEC values are up to several times higher relative to those in the bulk samples. The measured CEC values of the bulk samples generally correspond to the clay mineral content identified. Also, a slight increase in muscovite/illite content with depth and the vermiculite occurrence in the loess horizon are concomitant with the CEC increase in deeper horizons, irrespective of the sample pretreatment.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterizations of clay from Keur Saër (Senegal)

Clay Minerals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mbaye ◽  
C. A. K. Diop ◽  
B. Rhouta ◽  
J. M. Brendle ◽  
F. Senocq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThere is interest in exploiting and developing natural resources, particularly deposits of natural clays. Senegal has several clay mineral deposits for which chemical and mineralogical compositions have been little studied. Some of these natural materials are nowadays used in pottery and ceramics. To extend applications, a better basic knowledge is required and, for this objective, the raw clay and separated <2 μm clay fraction from Keur Saër (Senegal) were subjected to chemical and mineralogical studies. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, cation exchange capacity (CEC) measurements and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to characterize the material. It was found that the raw clay and the separated clay fraction consist of a mineral mixture in which kaolinite is the main component. 29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR spectra show the presence of silicon atoms linked to three other silicon atoms via an oxygen atom and six coordinated Al atoms. Significant increases in the specific surface area and cation exchange capacity were observed on purification, reaching a maximum of about 73.2 m2g–1 and 9.5 meq/100 g for the separated fine clay fraction while the values for the raw material were around 28.9 m2g–1 and 7.3 meq/100 g.

Chemical fertility of krasnozems - a review

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
PW Moody
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total N ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Ph Buffer

Krasnozems (Ferrosols) characteristically have high contents of citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and moderate to high contents of clay throughout the profile. They typically have low cation exchange capacity (2-20 cmolc kg-1), high P sorbing ability, and a significant anion exchange capacity at depth. The chemistry of krasnozems is dominated by the variable charge characteristics of the organic matter and the oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Al which occur in the predominantly kaolinitic clay fraction. The effects of surface charge characteristics, organic matter, and extractable iron and aluminium on the cation and anion exchange capacities, P sorbing abilities and pH buffer capacities of Australian krasnozems are reviewed. A selection of reports of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in these soils is presented and briefly discussed. Published data on the chemical composition of the soil solutions of krasnozems are reviewed. Data from a suite of paired (undeveloped and developed) krasnozem profiles from eastern Australia indicate that exchangeable Ca and Mg, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), pH buffer capacity (pHBC) and total N decrease significantly (P < 0.05) in the A horizon following development, while exchangeable K, ECEC and pHBC decrease (P < 0-05) in the B horizon. The decreases in the A horizon are shown to be a direct consequence of the decline in organic matter which occurs following development. Because of the crucial role that organic matter plays in the chemical fertility of krasnozems, they are less likely to maintain their fertility under exploitative conditions than other productive clay soils such as Vertosols. It is concluded that the sustainable use of krasnozems will depend on maintenance or enhancement of organic matter levels, maintenance of surface and subsoil pH by regular application of amendments, minimization of erosion, and replacement of nutrients removed in harvested products.

ESTIMATION OF THE INORGANIC AND ORGANIC pH-DEPENDENT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE B HORIZONS OF PODZOLIC AND BRUNISOLIC SOILS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
W. E. Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wyoming Bentonite

Heating in hydrogen peroxide, dilute oxalic acid, and dilute aluminum oxalate did not change the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) or the pH-7 CEC of Wyoming bentonite and Alberni clay soil containing excess Al(OH)x. This indicated that treatment of soils with H2O2 to oxidize organic matter and the possible production of oxalates during oxidation did not change the CEC values of the inorganic fraction of soils even if some clay exchange sites were blocked by hydrous oxides of Al.With soils of pH less than approximately 5.4, oxidation of organic matter did not change the effective CECs although the pH-7 CEC values were decreased. Thus, organic matter in acid soils appeared to have little or no effective CEC. Because of this and the negligible effect of H2O2 oxidation on the CEC values of clays, the difference of the pH-7 CEC of soils before and after H2O2 oxidation provided a simple means of estimating the amount of organic pH-dependent CEC in acid soils.The amount of organically derived pH-dependent CEC was determined in a number of soils by means of peroxide oxidation. The technique provided a useful indication of the quantities of sesquioxide–organic matter complexes accumulated in medium- and fine-textured soils.

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