LES EFFETS DE LA MISE EN CULTURE ET DE LA PRAIRIE PROLONGEE SUR LE CARBONE, L'AZOTE ET LA STRUCTURE DE QUELQUES SOLS DU QUEBEC

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. MARTEL ◽  
J. M. DESCHENES
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates

The effects of cultivation (cultivated vs. non-cultivated soils) and the age of cultivated meadows (from 5 to 25 yr) on the evolution of carbon, nitrogen and soil structure were studied on some Quebec soils. The soil series used were Beaurivage, Charlevoix, Greensboro and Kamouraska which are important agricultural soils for Eastern Quebec. The air- and water-stability of soil aggregates were used to characterize the soil structure. As a result of cultivation, the Kamouraska soil lost 33% of the carbon and 8% of the nitrogen originally present in the virgin soil, while the decrease in the water-stable aggregates was 84%. Charlevoix and Greensboro soils showed losses varying from 30 to 35% for carbon and from 21 to 31% for nitrogen while the water-stable aggregates decreased by 50%. Under continuous meadow for 25 yr, the Kamouraska soil showed an increase of up to 36% for carbon and 64% for nitrogen whereas the Beaurivage soil did not show much variation. Such a cultural practice improved the soil structure mainly in the Kamouraska soil, as a result of the increase not only in carbon content but likely in the root biomass with time.

The effect of krilium soil conditioner on the yield of wheat

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
TC Stoneman
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Barrel Medic

A field trial investigated the effect of improved soil structure on wheat yield. Krilium, a synthetic polyelectrolyte soil conditioner, was used to improve structure. The water stability of the soil aggregates was significantly increased on the plots treated with the conditioner. The conditioner treated plots also had significantly higher yields and 1000-grain weights than the untreated plots. The effect of the soil conditioner persisted into the year after cropping, when the plots were sown to Barrel Medic (Medicago tribuloides Desr.). The Barrel Medic establishment was significantly greater on the conditioner treated plots.

Comparison of water-stable aggregates on different soil types and land-uses in a Portuguese Mediterranean catchment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Klíč ◽  
Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira ◽  
António Ferreira ◽  
Miroslav Kravka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Central Portugal

<p>Erosion is one of the main soil threats in the Mediterranean region, leading to degradation and desertification of several areas. Water stable aggregates (WSA) is a rate of the extent to which soil aggregates resist falling apart when wetted and hit by rain drops, indicating also the resistence of soil to compaction and soil quality status. This study aims to determine the WSA in differrent soils, characterized by distinct land-uses and soil types. This work is part of Ribeira dos Covões catchment research, in the suburbs of Coimbra, the largest city of central Portugal, where research dealing with soil and hydrological properties has been developed for long time. WSA were investigated for agricultural and forest soils, on both sandstone and limestone. Soil surface samples (0-10cm) were collected in December 2020, and analysed through wet sieving method which quantifies the amount of water-stable soil aggregates fractions. <br><br>Not surprisingly, the results showed that forest soils contain a much higher proportion of water-stable soil aggregates of larger fractions than agricultural soil, where the smaller fractions prevailed. Similar results have been also reported in previous studies and found during our previous research at Praha-Suchdol locality (Housle), in Czech Republic. The fraction distribution of WSA in sandstone and limestone was comparable for forest soils. In case of agricultural soils, distribution of WSA was slightly different. WSA are a relevant part of soil surface layer, with important impacts on other soil properties (e.g. soil moisture, hydrophobicity, infiltration), thus affecting the rainfall-runoff-erosion processes, previously investigated in the study area. Further research will be developed to better assess WSA differences between distinct forest types, given the relevance of vegetation species for example on hydrophobicity and WSA dynamics. A better understanding of WSA in different soil types will be useful to support improved soil management and mitigate land degradation.</p>

scholarly journals The Soil Structure Changes under Varying Compost Dosage

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Novotná ◽  
Barbora Badalíková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Enclosed Space

Abstract The influence of different application of grape marc compost on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregate were studied in the course of four-year experiment. The trial was carried out in a Velké Bílovice vineyard in the Czech Republic. The altitude of the locality is about 200 m above sea level, the long-term average annual precipitation is 550 mm, the long-term average annual temperature is 9.5°C. The soil is Haplic Chernozem, loamy textured. Three variants were established: Variant 1 - control, no compost, Variant 2-30 t of compost per ha, Variant 3-60 t of compost per ha. The compost from pomace, poultry droppings, mown grass and straw was made in an EWA aerobic fermentor in an intensive and controlled process in an enclosed space and shallow ploughed (0-0.15 m) into the soil every year after harvest. The results of the experiment were statistically processed by multifactorial analysis of variance and then by Tukey’s test of simple contrasts. The highest values of structural coefficient and water stability of soil aggregate were found in the variant with the highest dosage of compost. It was found that the application of grape pomace compost to the soil had a positive effect both on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregates.

SOIL STRUCTURE AND WATER-STABLE AGGREGATES

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Statescu ◽  
Dorin Cotiusca Zauca ◽  
Lucian Vasile Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates

Soil Aggregates Stability of Forest Islands and Adjacent Ecosystems in West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Amelie Baomalgré Bougma ◽  
Korodjouma Ouattara ◽  
Halidou Compaore ◽  
Hassan Bismarck Nacro ◽  
Caleb Melenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Forest Islands

In the more mesic savanna areas of West Africa, many areas of relatively tall and dense vegetation with a species composition more characteristic of forest than savanna are often found around villages areas. These ‘forest islands’ may be the direct action of human activity. To better understand these patches with relatively luxuriant vegetation, our study focused on how they influence soil aggregation in comparison with nearby areas and natural savanna vegetation across a precipitation transect in West Africa for which mean annual precipitation at the study sites ranges from 0.80 to 1.27 m a-1. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm depths and aggregate groups with diameters: > 500 μm, 500-250 μm and 250-53 μm (viz. “macroaggregates”, “mesoaggregates” and “microaggregates”) determined using the wet sieving method. The results showed significantly higher proportion of stable meso and macroaggregates in forest islands and natural savanna compared to agricultural soils (p <0.05). On the other hand, although there was no effect of land-use type on microaggregates stability, there was a strong tendency for the microaggregate fraction across all land use types to increase with increasing precipitation. Soil organic carbon and iron oxides contents are the most important factors influencing aggregate stability in West African ecosystems. By increasing soil structural stability, forest islands contribute to soil erosion reduction and the control of land degradation.

scholarly journals A Novel Shortwave Infrared Proximal Sensing Approach to Quantify the Water Stability of Soil Aggregates

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Gholoubi ◽  
Hojat Emami ◽  
Scott B. Jones ◽  
Markus Tuller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Shortwave Infrared

Initial aggregate formation: Disentangling the effects of soil texture, OM properties and microbial community using artificial model soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska B. Bucka ◽  
Vincent J.M.N.L. Felde ◽  
Stephan Peth ◽  
Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Mineral Particles

&lt;p&gt;The interaction between mineral particles and organic matter (OM) is an important and complex process in the course of soil structure formation. For a better understanding it is necessary to disentangle the texture-dependent interplay of individual OM types and mineral particles. We developed an experimental set-up to study early aggregate formation within a controlled lab environment. Artificial soil microcosms with a mineral mixture resembling arable soils of three different textures (clay loam, loam and sandy loam) were used in a short-term, 30-day incubation experiment under constant water-tension. OM was added individually either as plant litter (POM) of two different sizes (0.63-2 mm and &lt; 63 &amp;#181;m, respectively) or bacterial necromass (Bacillus subtilis). The mechanisms of soil structure formation were investigated by isolating water-stable aggregates after the incubation, analyzing their mechanical stability and organic carbon allocation, and measuring the specific surface area and OM covers of the mineral surface, microbial activity, and community structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dry mixing process and incubation of the mineral mixtures led to particle-particle interactions and fine particle coatings of the sand grains as shown by a reduction of the specific surface area. The OM input of all types caused between 3 to 17% of the mineral surfaces to be covered by OM, with larger covered areas in the clay-rich mixtures. The added OM was quickly accessed and degraded by microbes, as shown by the peak in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-release within the first 10 days of the incubation. The POM of both sizes induced the predominant formation of water-stable macroaggregates (0.63-30 mm) with a mass contribution of 72 to 91% (irrespective of texture) and fostered the development of a microbial community with a high relative abundance of fungi. The bacterial necromass induced the formation of macroaggregates, but also microaggregates (63-200 &amp;#181;m), while the microbial community was dominated by bacteria. The mechanical stability analysis showed that very small forces &lt; 4 N were sufficient for aggregate failure and breakdown to 80% of the original aggregate size.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We propose that the microbial degradation of all OM types leads to small, distinct OM clusters consisting of OM substrate, microbes, and extracellular polymeric substances. These interact with mineral particles, resulting in the cross-linking of particles and formation of water-stable aggregates in all textures. The OM can thereby act both as microbial substrate and as structural building block. The initially formed aggregates are a loosely connected scaffold with a very low mechanical stability. Differences in the developed microbial community may lead to additional stabilization mechanisms, like fungal hyphae enmeshing and stabilizing larger aggregates also in sandy texture.&lt;/p&gt;

Water Stability of Soil Aggregates in a 50-Year-Old Soil Formation Experiment on Calcareous Glacial Till

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
M. Are ◽  
K. Kauer ◽  
T. Kaart ◽  
A. Selge ◽  
A. Astover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Formation Experiment
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