SHORT-TERM FLOODING OF SOIL: ITS EFFECT ON THE COMPOSITION OF GAS AND WATER PHASES OF SOIL AND ON PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF CORN

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. SHEARD ◽  
A. J. LEYSHON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Normal Diffusion ◽  
Total P

A laboratory procedure and apparatus design are described for the sampling of the soil solution and dissolved gases below the surface of a flooded soil without disturbance of the soil or the normal diffusion process. Ethylene and CO2 concentration increased in the dissolved gases of a flooded Maryhill loam (Ortho Humic Gleysol) as the duration of flooding increased from zero to 17 days and the redox potential (Eh) decreased. Soluble Fe and Mn slowly increased as the Eh decreased. The addition of NO3-N depressed ethylene formation and the release of soluble Fe and Mn. The addition of sucrose rapidly eliminated NO3-N from the soil solution, reduced the Eh to −330 mV, stimulated ethylene and CO2 formation, and further solubilized Fe and Mn. The accumulation of dry weight, total P and fertilizer P concentrations in corn were reduced by flooding soil for periods up to 12 days. The measurement of Eh, gases and Fe and Mn in the soil solution suggest that ethylene accumulation and O2 depletion were involved in the reduction of fertilizer P uptake.

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCE AND MOISTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
D. W. L. Read ◽  
W. C. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The effect of phosphate source and soil moisture during the initial soil-fertilizer reaction period on subsequent phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was investigated in a growth chamber. Phosphate-treated soils with moisture adjusted to four different tensions were stored at approximately 18 °C. for 10 weeks. Following this storage interval phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was measured using a short-term technique.Phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake by both tops and roots increased significantly when water-soluble materials such as ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate were applied. Less soluble sources, i.e., hydroxyapatite and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, were much less effective. Calcium metaphosphate produced intermediate results.Moisture content of the soil during the reaction period did not greatly alter subsequent P uptake. The water-soluble sources of phosphorus were affected to the greatest degree.Uptake of P was significantly correlated with the amount of P extracted by NaHCO3 from the treated soils. The highest degree of correlation occurred with ammonium polyphosphate treated soil. A significant negative correlation occurred with calcium metaphosphate. With the exception of the 0.8 bar treatment, moisture tension had little influence on the correlation of P uptake with NaHCO3 extractable-P.

Effects of humic substances from composted or chemically decomposed poplar sawdust on mineral nutrition of ryegrass

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. BIDEGAIN ◽  
M. KAEMMERER ◽  
M. GUIRESSE ◽  
M. HAFIDI ◽  
F. REY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Total P ◽  
Poplar Sawdust

Two organic fertilizers were prepared from the same initial mixture of poplar sawdust, blood and flour either by composting in a reactor or by chemical oxidation. Both processes resulted in loss of c. 30% of the organic matter. Composting required 90 days in comparison to only a few hours with chemical oxidation. Extraction of the organic residues with 1 N KOH gave solutions containing 24·6 and 15·1 g/l of humic substances respectively. These humic solutions were applied to pot-grown Lolium multiflorum Lam. at 4 and 10 mg carbon per pot to assess the short-term uptake of macro and microelements by the plants. When the plants were short of phosphorus, the humic substances from the chemically decomposed sawdust supplied at 10 mg C per pot improved total P uptake and yield. Humic substances also increased copper and manganese uptake, and by enhancing root development, also improved nitrogen uptake and biomass yield.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Total P

Abstract Cultivars of a crop can differ genetically with respect to their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of phosphorus. The objective of this paper was to evaluate genetic variation for P uptake and utilization among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Several traits contribute to the total P efficiency of the genotype, including root length, rate of P uptake per unit root length, leaf and pod characters such as P accumulation, and dry matter/yield produced per unit P absorbed [i.e., P efficiency ratio (PER)]. Peanut genotypes with increased P uptake and higher PER were identified. Some genotypes sustained higher PER at both low and high soil P availabilities.

scholarly journals Substrate Acidification by Geranium: Light Effects and Phosphorus Uptake

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Substrate Ph

Sudden pH decline (SPD) describes the situation where crops growing at an appropriate pH rapidly (within 1–2 weeks) cause the substrate pH to shift downward one to two units. ‘Designer Dark Red’ geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) were grown in three experiments to assess possible effects of light on SPD and phosphorous (P) uptake. The first experiment tested the effect of four light intensities (105, 210, 575, and 1020 ± 25 μmol·m−2·s−1) on substrate acidification. At 63 days, substrate pH declined from 6.0 to 4.8 as light intensity increased. Tissue P of plants grown at the highest two light levels was extremely low (0.10%–0.14% of dry weight). P stress has been reported to cause acidification. Because plants in the two lowest light treatments had adequate P, it was not possible to determine if the drop in substrate pH was a direct light effect or a combination of light and P. The second experiment used a factorial combination of the three highest light levels from Expt. 1 and five preplant P rates (0, 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, or 0.52 g·L−1 substrate) to assess this question. When tissue P concentrations were deficient, pH decreased by 0.6 to 1.0 pH units within 2 weeks and deficiency occurred more often with high light intensity. These data indicated that P deficiency caused substrate acidification and indicated the possibility that P uptake was suppressed by high light intensity. The third experiment was conducted in hydroponics to determine the direct effect of high light intensity on P uptake. In this experiment, cumulative P uptake per gram root and the rate of P uptake per gram root per day both decreased 20% when light intensity increased from 500 to 1100 μmol·m−2·s−1. It is clear from this study that P deficiency causes geraniums to acidify the substrate and that high light suppresses P uptake.

scholarly journals The effect of biofilm biofertilizer formula and organic fertilizer dosage to phosphorus uptake and yield of shallot on Vertisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012121
Author(s):  
Sudadi ◽  
C Y Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract The research aims to find the effect of biofilm biofertilizer formula and dose of organic fertilizer on phosphorus uptake and yield of shallot on Vertisols. The research was arranged in a completely randomized block design with two factors: dosage of organic fertilizer (0, 10, 20-ton ha-1) and the formula of biofilm biofertilizer (without BiO2, BiO2 1, BiO2 2, BiO2 3). Variables observed are available-P, P-uptake, bulb number, and bulb weight. Data were analyzed using F test followed by DMRT at α = 0.05. The result shows that 20-ton ha-1 organic fertilizer decomposed with biofilm biofertilizer yield highest P-uptake and plant dry weight which increases 322 and 216 % to control treatment (0.50 and 1.26 g plant-1). The use of 10-ton ha-1 of organic fertilizer yield highest bulb number and weight i.e 5.58 bulbs plant-1 and 116 g plant-1 increase 27 and 172% compared to the control. The BiO2 formula only affected to the plant height, and the use of formula 1 able to increase the plant height about 13.5% compared to control treatment.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI PEMUPUKAN FOSFOR PADA ULTISOL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ABU TERBANG BATUBARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
F Fahrunsyah ◽  
M Mulyadi ◽  
Agus Sarjono ◽  
Surya Darma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Available P ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Total P

Ultisol is one type of soil that has a very wide distribution in Indonesia, but the use of this soil faces many obstacles. The main problem in ultisol utilization is the low availability of phosphorus (P) and the low absorption efficiency. Coal fly ash (CFA) is a material that can overcome these problems. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Application CFA on several soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable Al, exchangeable Ca and available P), plant growth, yield, and absorption efficiency of P fertilizer. This study used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors. The first factor was CFA that consisted of three levels of treatment, namely: A0 = 0 t ha-1 or without CFA, A1 = 40 t CFA ha-1, A2 = 80 t CFA ha-1. The second factor was P fertilizer that consisted of four levels of treatment, namely: P0 = 0 kg ha-1, P1 = 30 kg P ha-1, P2 = 60 kg P ha-1 and P3 = 90 kg P ha-1. The results of the study showed that the application of 80 t CFA ha-1 increased the pH by 13.41%, reduced exchangeable Al by 59.53% and increased exchangeable by Ca 192.66% compared to control. The combination 80 t CFA ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1 increased available P by 986.79% compared to control. The application of 80 t CFA ha-1 resulted in the highest total plant dry weight and total P uptake. The treatment resulted in total plant dry weight of 172.96 g and total P uptake of 187.62 mg plant-1, increased 62.39% and 100.21% respectively compared to the control. The application of 90 kg P fertilizer ha-1 resulted in the highest total dry weight of maize, and total P uptake, namely 167.49 g and 174.39 mg plant-1, respectively, which means that the total plant dry weight increased by 51.00% and the total uptake P increased 69.79% compared to control. The highest seed dry weight was obtained in the combination of 80 t CFA ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1, namely 39.33 g, an increase of 715.53% compared to the control. The combination of 40 t CFA ha-1 and 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in the highest absorption efficiency of P fertilizer, namely 30.43%. This means that in this treatment, maize can absorb 30.43% of the applied P fertilizer.

Modelling the effects of fertiliser solubility and soil buffer power on phosphorus uptake by spring wheat using an image-based approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Williams ◽  
Daniel McKay Fletcher ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Nancy Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Buffer Power ◽  
Starting Point

<p>Phosphorus (P) is critical for plant growth and can limit crop yields, but rock phosphate (the primary source of agricultural P) is a finite resource which is predicted to run out within 50-250 years. However, since P is important for short-term yield gains, it is often over-applied, causing run-off and water pollution. It is crucial to apply the right fertilisers at the most efficient rate, time, and place to protect our food security and environment for the future.</p> <p>Optimal application requires an understanding of the processes affecting P availability to plants. Fertilisers range from soluble in water (e.g TSP) to only slightly soluble (e.g. struvite). However, experiments testing the efficacy of fertilisers with different solubilities have reached variable results. Standard soil testing methods sample at fixed time points, while the dissolution, diffusion, sorption and uptake of P are dynamic processes, so to make predictions we must understand those dynamics.</p> <p>We used image-based modelling to investigate the predicted effects of dissolution rate and soil buffer power on P uptake by spring wheat root systems taken from X-ray CT images. We added a P source to represent a fertiliser granule and modelled the predicted P uptake based on 1 day, 1 week, and 14 week dissolution of the same amount of P for two realistic soil buffer powers.</p> <p>We demonstrated that rapid dissolution increased short-term root uptake, but dissolution over 1 week did not differ from dissolution over 1 day. We also found that root system architecture has a large effect on the efficiency of a P fertiliser pellet, highlighting the importance of application location. These results provide a starting point for predictive modelling of the efficacy of different P fertilisers in different soils, and our image-based approach gives the ability to add different root architectures for different species or varieties.</p>

scholarly journals Microalgae Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii 11/32C under Different Inorganic Nitrogen Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anie Yulistyorini ◽  
◽  
M. A. Camargo-Valero ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Wastewater Bioremediation ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

Microalgae have been proven to be effective in utilizing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from a wide range of wastewater sources. This ability enhances the potential role that microalgae may have not only in wastewater bioremediation, but also in algal biomass production as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel and bio-fertilizer production. To investigate the ability of microalgae at recovering nutrients, the microalga strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 11/32C was selected to determine P uptake rates. Results shown that C.reinhardtii 32C cultivated in combination of NO3- and NH4+ as nitrogen sources was able to uptake 0.067 mg P l-1d-1. Combination of both nitrogen can produce specific growth rate of 0.128 d-1 and 89 mg VSS l-1d-1 of biomass dry weight. These value is the highest compare to C.reinhardtii 32C cultivated in NO3- or NH4+. These findings are fundamental to understand and plan future studies for cultivation conditions to induce luxury nutrient uptake by selected microalga.

Relating phosphorus quantity, intensity, and buffer capacity to phosphorus uptake

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Probert ◽  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Uptake Data

The short-term (25 days) phosphorus (P) uptake by maize has been reported to be most strongly correlated with measurements of P intensity in soil. Correlations of P uptake with bicarbonate-extractable P (a measure of the quantity factor) were improved when indices of P buffer capacity were included, but not to the extent obtained with the direct measure of P intensity. Thus, one might infer that measurements of the quantity factor and P buffer capacity were less satisfactory for describing P availability. It is now shown that this conclusion results entirely from the model fitted to the data. By using a multiplicative rather than additive model, it is shown that bicarbonate-extractable P in combination with measures of P buffer capacity can describe the P uptake data equally as well as a direct measurement of P intensity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document