NITRIFICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE USING MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT AND PERFUSION TECHNIQUES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. STEWART ◽  
C. T. CORKE ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
L. R. WEBBER
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Miscible Displacement ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

Miscible displacement and soil perfusion techniques were used to study the transformations of nitrogen in fractions of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. In miscible displacement experiments the rates of nitrification of NH4+-N of supernates of sludge were 115 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day at a flow rate of 0.17 cm h−1, and 81 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day at the lower flow rate of 0.10 cm h−1. The soil perfusion experiments indicated that only the ammonium-nitrogen of the sludge solids was oxidized to nitrate-nitrogen. The rates of nitrification of sludge were 37 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day for an application of 5.0 cm ha−1 and 15 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day for a sludge application equivalent to 2.5 cm ha−1. The experiments were not of sufficient duration to determine that mineralization of the organic-nitrogen in the digested sludge and subsequent nitrification occurred.

Evaluating the stabilisation degree of digested sewage sludge: investigations at four municipal wastewater treatment plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parravicini ◽  
E. Smidt ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Further reduction of volatile suspended solids (VSS) during a post-stabilisation step was applied to evaluate the stabilisation degree of digested sewage sludge. For this purpose digested sludge was collected at four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and further stabilised in lab-scale chemostat reactors either under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Experimental results showed that even in adequately digested sludge a consistent amount of VSS was degraded during aerobic post-stabilisation. It seems that aerobic conditions play a significant role during degradation of residual VSS. Additionally, specific VSS production (gVSS/peCOD110.d) as well as specific oxygen uptake rate were shown to be suitable parameters to assess the degree of sludge stabilisation at WWTPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to reveal changes in the sludge composition. Spectra of treated and untreated sludge samples indicated that the major component of residual VSS in stabilised sludge for instance consisted of biomass, while cellulose was absent.

Aeration of anaerobically digested sewage sludge for COD and nitrogen removal: optimization at large-scale

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parravicini ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
R. Hornek ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

The paper will report about the experiences at an Austrian large wastewater treatment plant of 720,000 population equivalents, where anaerobically digested sewage sludge is further stabilised under aerobic conditions. Enhanced stabilisation of the anaerobically digested sludge was required at the plant in order to get a permit for landfill disposal of the dewatered stabilized sludge. By implementing a post-aeration treatment (SRT ∼ 6d; 36 °C) after anaerobic digestion the organic content of the anaerobically well digested sludge can be decreased by 16%. Investigations on site showed that during digested sludge post-aeration anoxic phases for denitrification are needed to provide stable process conditions. In this way the pH value can be kept in a more favourable range for micro-organisms and concrete structures. Additionally, inhibition of the biological process due to nitrite accumulation can be avoided. By optimising the aeration/pause ratio ∼ 45% of total nitrogen in digested sludge can be removed. This significantly improves nitrogen removal efficiency at the wastewater treatment plant. NH4-removal occurs mainly through nitritation and denitritation with an efficiency of 98%. The costs/benefit analysis shows that post-aeration of digested sludge results in an increase of total annual costs for wastewater treatment of only 0.84%, corresponding to 0.19 Euro/pe/a. Result of molecular biological analyses (DGGE) indicate that all four ammonium-oxidizing bacteria species present in activated sludge can survive anaerobic digestion, but only two of them can adapt in the digested sludge post-aeration tanks. Additionally, in the post-aerated digested sludge a further ammonium-oxidizing bacteria species was identified.

scholarly journals Influence of Digested Sludge Conditioning on the Dewatering Processes and the Quality of Sludge Liquid

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bień ◽  
Jurand D. Bień
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Sludge Conditioning ◽  
Combination Of Methods

AbstractTo increase the dewatering effect, sewage sludge should be properly prepared before dewatering. Sludge conditioning is a process whereby sludge solids are treated with chemicals or various other means to improve dewatering characteristics of the sludge by reducing the specific resistance and compressibility of the sludge. The aim of the research was to determine the possibility of increasing the efficiency of sewage sludge dewatering by applying chemical agents and ultrasonic field. Some parameters, such as suspension, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen content in sludge supernatant, were also analysed. Digested sludge belonged to the group of hardly dewatered sludge, its capillary suction time (CST) was of high value (2639 s). The lowest CST value (88.5 s) was obtained for the unsonicated sludge prepared only with PIX 113 at a dose of 7.0 mg/g d.m. Both the dose and the type of chemicals used, as well as the time of sonication, had an impact on the changes occurring in sludge properties. The increase in mechanical dewatering efficiency was obtained by using a combination of methods applied for sludge preparation, where the sonication of sludge was used at the preliminary stage and followed by dosing chemical substances. This resulted in the reduction of sludge final hydration and changes of other parameters. In addition, combined action of PIX 113 and Zetag 8180 allowed to reduce the content of suspended solids and COD in sludge supernatant.

The organic nitrogen exigency of and effects of manganese on coremia production in Penicillium clavigerum and Penicillium claviforme

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tinnell ◽  
B. L. Jefferson ◽  
R. E. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Penicillium Claviforme

The production of mycelium and conidia of Penicillium clavigerum and Penicillium claviforme is severely restricted if an amino acid is not present in a maltose–mineral salts medium. This requirement can be satisfied by any L-amino acid, although the optimum quantity varies with the type of amino acid. When ammonium–nitrogen is substituted for nitrate–nitrogen or amino acid–nitrogen in the P. clavigerum medium, the formation of coremia and conidia is prevented, mycelial growth is inhibited, and an orange intracellular pigment is produced. The numbers of coremia and conidia produced by both organisms are regulated by the quantity of manganese in the media.

Post-aeration of anaerobically digested sewage sludge for advanced COD and nitrogen removal: results and cost-benefit analysis at large-scale

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parravicini ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

At a large Austrian municipal wastewater treatment plant enhanced stabilisation of anaerobically digested sewage sludge was required in order to get a permit for landfill disposal of the dewatered stabilized sludge. By implementing a post-aeration treatment after anaerobic digestion the organic content of the anaerobically well digested sludge can be decreased by 16%. Investigations at this plant showed that during digested sludge post-aeration anoxic phases are needed to provide stable process conditions. In this way the pH value can be kept in a more favourable range for micro-organisms and concrete structures. Additionally, under the process conditions applied nitrite accumulation would inhibit the stabilisation process if denitrification is not adequately applied. By optimising the aeration/pause ratio ∼45% of total nitrogen in digested sludge can be removed. NH4-removal occurs through nitritation and denitritation with an efficiency of 98%. This significantly improves nitrogen removal efficiency at the wastewater treatment plant. The costs/benefit analysis shows that post-aeration of digested sludge results in an increase of total annual costs for wastewater treatment of only 0.84%, corresponding to 0.19 Euro/pe/a. Specific costs for nitrogen removal (0.32 Euro/kgN) are comparable with other biological processes for N-removal in reject water.

scholarly journals Did Application of Digested Sewage Sludge as Soil Amendment Alter the Abundances of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities in Soil and Earthworm Gut?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Hao Li ◽  
Li Yuan ◽  
Wei Shao ◽  
Guo-Ping Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Earthworm Gut ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge ◽  
Amended Soil

Abstract Background Digested sewage sludge has been widely applied as soil amendment for enhanced crop production. However, given that digested sludge is abundant with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria, the impact of digested sludge amendment on the abundances of ARGs and microbial communities in soil and soil fauna (e.g., earthworms) remains largely unknown. In this study, the patterns of ARGs and microbial communities in soil and gut of earthworms after 80-days cultivation with digested sewage sludge amendment were investigated to gain insights into this impact. Results The results show that the digested sludge amendment increased the initial abundances of ARGs (e.g., tetA, tetQ, and sulII) in soil. However, after 80-days cultivation, the absolute abundances of target ARGs decreased by 62.3–95.4%. The reduction in ARGs absolute abundances was further enhanced by 31.4–84.7% in the presence of earthworms. In contrast, the relative abundances of some ARGs (e.g., tetA, sulI, and blaTEM−1) in the gut of earthworms increased by 41–130 folds. The microbial community structure of soil was greatly altered because of the introduction of digested sewage sludge at initial, but it recovered to its original pattern after 80-days cultivation. This could be attributed to the gradual attenuation of anaerobic microorganisms under aerobic conditions in soil. In particular, the presence of earthworms further enhanced this phenomenon. The reduction of ARGs in the amended soils was likely attributed to microbial community shift based on redundancy analysis. Several bacterial families (e.g., Saprospiraceae, Chitinophagaceae, and Rhodanobacteraceae) were significantly correlated with the target ARGs. Conclusions Our results reveal that the enrichment of ARGs in soil caused by digested sludge-amendment would recover to their original levels before amendment, highlighting the contribution of earthworms to reducing the ARG abundances in amended soil via shifting the microbial community. However, we also found that the amended soil could increase ARGs abundance in the earthworm gut, which may enhance the potential risk of ARGs spread via food chain. These results may provide a new sight on the control of ARGs occurrence and dissemination in sludge-amended soil ecosystem with consideration of the impact of earthworms.

scholarly journals Utilization of digested sewage sludge in lactic acid fermentation

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Daniel Pleissner ◽  
Clemens Krieg ◽  
Jan Christoph Peinemann
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Lactic Acid Fermentation ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

The management of sewage sludge is mostly limited to anaerobic digestion, incineration of digestate and recovery of phosphorous. In terms of resource efficiency, it is recommended to make use of the potential of all organic compounds. Nitrogen compounds, for instance, can find application as nutrients in biotechnological processes. To follow this approach, sewage sludge collected after anaerobic digestion, which had carbon and nitrogen contents of 35.9% (w/w) and 5.6% (w/w), respectively, was first hydrolyzed using 0-1% (w/w) sulphuric acid for 15 minutes at 121°C and the hydrolysate used as nitrogen source in lactic acid fermentation. Even though the focus was on a recovery of nitrogen compounds, the hydrolytic treatment with 1% (v/v) sulphuric acid resulted in a release of 28 mg g-1 glucose. Because of the complex composition of the obtained hydrolysate it was not possible to quantify the released organic nitrogen compounds. Lactic acid fermentations, however, revealed that the concentration of organic nitrogen compounds was sufficient to efficiently convert 10 g L-1 of added glucose into 9 g L-1 lactic acid, and thus it is expected that digested sewage sludge may be an alternative nitrogen source in lactic acid fermentation, possibly combined with the utilization of a carbon-rich feedstock. Such a utilization approach goes beyond the conventional management strategies of digestated sewage sludge and allows a material utilization even after anaerobic digestion.

NITRATE NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN CORN LAND FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS OF DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. STEWART ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
L. R. WEBBER ◽  
C. T. CORKE
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

Anaerobically digested sewage sludge was applied to a loam soil at rates of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 cm ha−1. Treatments were replicated four times, and all plots were cropped to corn. The soil in the 0- to 90-cm profile under each plot was sampled every month from May to October in 1972 and analyzed for NO3−-N and NH4+. The two highest sludge application rates resulted in significant increases in soil NO3−-N in the 0- to 90-cm soil profile, which persisted until October following crop harvest. Of the N supplied by the sludge, only about 3–12% was recovered by the corn crop. At the conclusion of the experiment, in October, 6–10% of the N supplied by the sludge remained in the soil and on the soil surface in the residual solids. Sludge applications in excess of 1.25 cm ha−1 did not produce significant increases in the yields of grain or stover.

Nitrogen requirements of the genus Linderina

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Stephen ◽  
Christina Chan
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Better Than

The influence of different nitrogen sources on the growth of Linderina was examined in liquid culture. Both species of Linderina were unable to assimilate nitrate nitrogen and nitrite seemed to be toxic. Ammonium nitrogen was used but the growth response was considerably lower than that with some organic nitrogen materials. Inclusion in the growth medium of succinic acid as a carbon source failed to improve the assimilation of ammonium.Amino nitrogen as aspartic acid and asparagine gave good growth though not as good as with L- or DL-glutamic acid. The response to DL-glutamic acid was markedly better than to the L-isomer whereas the D-isomer gave relatively poor growth.

scholarly journals Degradation rate of anaerobically digested sewage sludge in soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio T. Matos ◽  
Isabela C. C. Diniz ◽  
Mateus P. Matos ◽  
Alisson C. Borges ◽  
Adriana A. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soil Residue ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Abstract The objective of this study was to monitor the degradation and obtain the mineralization fraction of anaerobically digested sludge, also known as digestate, under field conditions, when applied to the surface or incorporated into the soil. Sludge was applied to a dystrophic Inceptisol at a dose of 500 kg ha–1 yr–1 of total nitrogen, where the monitoring period of the mineralization process lasted 131 days. Samples of the soil-residue mixture were collected for analysis of the total organic carbon (TOC) and easily oxidizable organic carbon (OOC), total, ammonia, nitrate and organic nitrogen (ON). The annual mineralization fractions of the digestate, estimated based on the difference between the initial and final contents of TOC, OOC and ON in samples of the material collected, were 99.5 and 100%, respectively, when incorporated with the soil or applied to the soil surface.

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