scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF TWO CLOSELY RELATED SOIL MAPPING UNITS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. CROSSON ◽  
R. PROTZ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
True Measure ◽  
Mapping Units

Many soil mapping units (MU) have not been adequately sampled to provide a true measure of their variability; therefore, their descriptions must be regarded as incomplete, and valid statistical comparisons cannot be made with other closely related MU. The number of samples required to detect the differences in means of 18 soil properties between Brantford and Beverly Silt Loam MU were calculated and they ranged from 4 at the 80% probability level (10 at the 95% probability level) for organic matter content of the Ap horizon to several thousand for pH of the Ap horizon. Calculation of required sample numbers indicated that sufficient samples had been collected to make valid statistical comparisons between seven of the soil properties. All seven properties were found to be significantly different between the two MU at the 95% probability level. However, only two of the properties, hue and organic matter content of the Ap horizon, had distinctly different modal values between the two MU and neither of these properties is easily measured in the field. Therefore, it was concluded that the 18 soil properties examined were impractical and unreliable criteria for separating the MU in the field. But, the MU separations can be readily and validly made on the basis of landscape position.

The Effects of Long‐Term Land‐Use Change on Soil Properties in Perth, Ontario Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Topographic Gradients

Land‐use change can have a major impact on soil properties, leading to long‐term changes in soilnutrient cycling rates and carbon storage. While a substantial amount of research has been conducted onland‐use change in tropical regions, empirical evidence of long‐term conversion of forested land toagricultural land in North America is lacking. Pervasive deforestation for the sake of agriculturethroughout much of North America is likely to have modified soil properties, with implications for theglobal climate. Here, we examined the response of physical, chemical and biological soil properties toconversion of forest to agricultural land (100 years ago) on Roebuck Farm near Perth, Ontario, Canada.Soil samples were collected at three sites from under forest and agricultural vegetative cover on bothhigh‐ and low‐lying topographic positions (12 locations in total; soil profile sampled to a depth of 40cm).Our results revealed that bulk density, pH, and nitrate concentrations were all higher in soils collectedfrom cultivate sites. In contrast, samples from forested sites exhibited greater water‐holding capacity,porosity, organic matter content, ammonia concentrations and cation exchange capacity. Many of these characteristics are linked to greater organic matter abundance and diversity in soils under forestvegetation as compared with agricultural soils. Microbial activity and Q10 values were also higher in theforest soils. While soil properties in the forest were fairly similar across topographic gradients, low‐lyingpositions under agricultural regions had higher bulk density and organic matter content than upslopepositions, suggesting significant movement of material along topographic gradients. Differences in soilproperties are attributed largely to increased compaction and loss of organic matter inputs in theagricultural system. Our results suggest that the conversion of forested land cover to agriculture landcover reduces soil quality and carbon storage, alters long‐term site productivity, and contributes toincreased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vantellingen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Managed Forests

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) flux is unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH<sub>4</sub> flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH<sub>4</sub> throughout the growing season; the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH<sub>4</sub> C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), a rate comparable to CH<sub>4</sub>-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ~12% of CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ~0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

Relationship between soil composition and retention capacity of terbumeton onto chalky soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achouak El Arfaoui ◽  
Stéphanie Sayen ◽  
Eric Marceau ◽  
Lorenzo Stievano ◽  
Emmanuel Guillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Components

Environmental context. The wide use of pesticides for pest and weed control contributes to their presence in underground and surface waters, which has led to a continuously growing interest in their environmental fate. Soils play a key role in the transfer of these compounds from the sprayer to the water as a result of their capacity to retain pesticides depending on the soil components. The knowledge of soil composition should enable one to predict pesticide behaviour in the environment. Abstract. Eight calcareous soils of Champagne vineyards (France) were studied to investigate the adsorption of the herbicide terbumeton (TER). A preliminary characterisation of the soil samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental and textural analyses, revealed a wide range of soil properties for the selected samples. The adsorption isotherms of TER were plotted for all samples. The determination of soil properties, which significantly correlated with the Kd distribution coefficient, allowed identification of organic matter and CaCO3 as the two main soil components that govern the retention of the herbicide. Organic matter was the predominant phase involved in the retention but its role was limited by the presence of calcite. Finally, the ratio of CaCO3 content to organic matter content was proposed as a useful parameter to predict the adsorption of terbumeton in chalky soils. The evolution of Kd as a function of this ratio was successfully described using an empirical model.

Adsorption of Five Phenylurea Herbicides by Selected Soils of Czechoslovakia

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kozak ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Phenylurea Herbicides ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Freundlich Equation

Adsorption of five phenylurea herbicides, metobromuron [3-(p-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], monolinuron [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea], linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], and CGA-15646 [3-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] by eight selected soils of Czechoslovakia were studied. Constants from Freundlich and Langmuir equations were calculated and correlated with the major soil properties. Freundlich K values ranged from 1.84 to 128, and the Freundlich equation was better fitted to the adsorption isotherms than was the Langmuir equation. Soil organic-matter content was the most important factor influencing the range of adsorption.

WITHIN-PEDON VARIABILITY IN SOIL PROPERTIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. PATTERSON ◽  
G. J. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Soil Material

Replicate soil samples (2–20) from the A, B and C horizons of 41 pedons were collected to measure within-pedon variability of particle size distribution, organic matter content, calcium carbonate equivalent and pH. Variability in soil properties was examined in relation to the mode of origin of the soil material, soil horizonation and soil drainage. Variance in particle size distribution was significantly influenced by mode of deposition as well as by soil horizons, while soil drainage had no significant influence on the variation in particle size distribution. Variance in calcium carbonate equivalent and organic matter content was not influenced by soil drainage or mode of deposition. The number of replicate samples required for statistically reliable evaluation of a pedon at given confidence limits was determined for the soil properties studied. The results of these calculations indicate the need for up to five replicate samples to achieve satisfactory levels of accuracy at the 95% confidence level for some of the soil properties studied.

scholarly journals The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3189-3204
Author(s):  
Anne Hartmann ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Chronosequence

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development. The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.

Evaluation of some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato field at different moisture regimes in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tomato Field

Soil properties are important to the development of agricultural crops. This study determined some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) field at different moisture regime in South-Western Nigeria. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design with frequency and depth of irrigation application as the main plot and sub-plot, respectively in three replicates. Three frequencies (7, 5 and 3 days) and three depths equivalent to 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement were used. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers for the determination of some soil properties (soil texture, organic matter content, bulk density, infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were determined using standard formulae. Soil Water Content (SWC) monitoring was conducted every two days using a gravimetric technique. The soil texture was sandy loam for all the soil depths; average value of soil organic matter was highest (1.8%) in the 0-5 cm surface layer and decreased with soil depth; the soil bulk density value before and after irrigation experiment ranged from 1.48 and 1.73 g/cm3 and 1.5 and 1.76 g/cm3, respectively; there was a rapid reduction in the initial infiltration and final infiltration rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity show similar trend although the 20-30 cm layer had the lowest value (50.84 mm/h); the SWC affect bulk density during the growing season. The study showed that soil properties especially bulk density and organic matter content affect irrigation water movement at different depth..

SOIL SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOME SOIL PROPERTIES USING FACTOR ANALYSIS IN FEDERAL COLLEGE OF FORESTRY MECHANIZATION, KADUNA RESEARCH FARM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Akinrinshola Dare ◽  
Samson O. Okechalu ◽  
Bako Amos ◽  
Thompson Oluwole Ademola ◽  
G. Lapkat Luka
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Water Content

This paper shows the spatial variability of soil properties and factors that contribute to the pattern of variability in Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Research farm.   Nine (9) Soil samples were obtained from various points on the farm using random sampling procedure and these samples were subjected to further for laboratory analysis to determine the particle size fraction, soil pH, organic matter content, and from the data obtained was used to determine the Wilting Point (WP), Saturation Capacity (SC), Field Capacity (FC), Available Water Content (AW), Soil Hydraulic Conductivity (SHC), and Bulk density (BD) using SOILWAT software.  Descriptive statistics and factor analysis techniques was used to analyze the data obtained, the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.045 to 61.825% and factor analysis showed that the variability of the soil properties is as a result of the textural characteristics, and organic matter.

scholarly journals Short-term changes in soil Munsell colour value, organic matter content and soil water repellency after a spring grassland fire in Lithuania

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pereira ◽  
X. Úbeda ◽  
J. Mataix-Solera ◽  
M. Oliva ◽  
A. Novara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fine Earth ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Short Term

Abstract. Fire is a natural phenomenon with important implications on soil properties. The degree of this impact depends upon fire severity, the ecosystem affected, topography of the burned area and post-fire meteorological conditions. The study of fire effects on soil properties is fundamental to understand the impacts of this disturbance on ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the short-term effects immediately after the fire (IAF), 2, 5, 7 and 9 months after a low-severity spring boreal grassland fire on soil colour value (assessed with the Munsell colour chart), soil organic matter content (SOM) and soil water repellency (SWR) in Lithuania. Four days after the fire a 400 m2 plot was delineated in an unburned and burned area with the same topographical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at 0–5 cm depth in a 20 m × 20 m grid, with 5 m space between sampling points. In each plot 25 samples were collected (50 each sampling date) for a total of 250 samples for the whole study. SWR was assessed in fine earth (< 2 mm) and sieve fractions of 2–1, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.25 and < 0.25 mm from the 250 soil samples using the water drop penetration time (WDPT) method. The results showed that significant differences were only identified in the burned area. Fire darkened the soil significantly during the entire study period due to the incorporation of ash/charcoal into the topsoil (significant differences were found among plots for all sampling dates). SOM was only significantly different among samples from the unburned area. The comparison between plots revealed that SOM was significantly higher in the first 2 months after the fire in the burned plot, compared to the unburned plot. SWR of the fine earth was significantly different in the burned and unburned plot among all sampling dates. SWR was significantly more severe only IAF and 2 months after the fire. In the unburned area SWR was significantly higher IAF, 2, 5 and 7 months later after than 9 months later. The comparison between plots showed that SWR was more severe in the burned plot during the first 2 months after the fire in relation to the unburned plot. Considering the different sieve fractions studied, in the burned plot SWR was significantly more severe in the first 7 months after the fire in the coarser fractions (2–1 and 1–0.5 mm) and 9 months after in the finer fractions (0.5–0.25 and < 0.25 mm). In relation to the unburned plot, SWR was significantly more severe in the size fractions 2–1 and < 0.25 mm, IAF, 5 and 7 months after the fire than 2 and 9 months later. In the 1–0.5- and 0.5–0.25 mm-size fractions, SWR was significantly higher IAF, 2, 5 and 7 months after the fire than in the last sampling date. Significant differences in SWR were observed among the different sieve fractions in each plot, with exception of 2 and 9 months after the fire in the unburned plot. In most cases the finer fraction (< 0.25 mm) was more water repellent than the others. The comparison between plots for each sieve fraction showed significant differences in all cases IAF, 2 and 5 months after the fire. Seven months after the fire significant differences were only observed in the finer fractions (0.5–0.25 and < 0.25 mm) and after 9 months no significant differences were identified. The correlations between soil Munsell colour value and SOM were negatively significant in the burned and unburned areas. The correlations between Munsell colour value and SWR were only significant in the burned plot IAF, 2 and 7 months after the fire. In the case of the correlations between SOM and SWR, significant differences were only identified IAF and 2 months after the fire. The partial correlations (controlling for the effect of SOM) revealed that SOM had an important influence on the correlation between soil Munsell colour value and SWR in the burned plot IAF, 2 and 7 months after the fire.

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