EFFECTS OF SOIL pH AND NPK FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER ◽  
L. B. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Charlottetown 80 and Herta, were grown on plots of Tormentine sandy loam soil which had been limed to a range of pH levels (4.8, 5.1, 5.8, 6.6 and 7.1) for 10 years previous to this experiment. The pH areas were subdivided for a factorial arrangement of N fertilizer at 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha with P-K fertilizer at 10–19, 30–56, 59–112 and 88–168 kg/ha. Yield of each cultivar increased when the soil pH was increased from 4.8 to 5.8. The Charlottetown cultivar exceeded Herta in yield at the low pH levels. The greatest response from N fertilizer was at the 60 and 90 kg rate in combination with P-K at 59–112 and 88–168 kg per ha, for the mean of the two cultivars. Percent N in barley tissue varied with pH and decreased with increasing rate of P-K fertilization. Percent total N and protein nitrogen in barley grain increased as pH increased. Percent P and K in tissue also increased as the pH increased. In vitro digestibility of barley grain was not affected by P-K, but decreased slightly as N fertility increased.

Mixtures of Persian clover with Italian ryegrass or barley-Italian ryegrass for annual forage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Thompson ◽  
Darryl G. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Persian Clover

In the interior of British Columbia, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum Beck.) are intercropped with fertilizer N as a 1-yr break before reseeding irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) was seeded with barley and ryegrass or only ryegrass to determine its effect on seasonal yield and forage nutritive value. All species mixtures were grown with and without a total of 200 kg ha−1 of N to compare N2 fixation by Persian clover with N fertilizer. Averaged over 2 yr, adding Persian clover to barley-ryegrass provided a total yield that was 96% of that obtained by adding fertilizer N to barley-ryegrass. Second cut yield averaged 58% more with clover than with N. However, the grasses yielded more than the grasses with added clover in the third cut. Adding clover to ryegrass provided 94% of the total yield of adding N fertilizer. Persian clover was higher in crude protein and in vitro digestibility of dry matter than ryegrass, so adding clover tended to improve the nutritive value of mixtures. This was most obvious without N, where Persian clover accounted for more of the total forage produced. The study shows that Persian clover is a valuable addition to barley-ryegrass mixtures; it reduces fertilizer needs, improves mid-season yield and improves forage nutritive value. Key words: Persian clover, barley, Italian ryegrass, forage mixtures

EFFECT OF BARLEY SUPPLEMENT TO THE RATION OF DONOR ANIMALS USED IN IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY DETERMINATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rumen fluid from two sheep was used to determine in vitro dry matter digestibilities of 25 samples each from alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) and barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). The sheep were fed either a good quality hay ad libitum and 1 kg rolled barley per day, or only the hay ad libitum, in a switchback design. The in vitro dry matter digestibilities of both alfalfa hay and barley were lower (P < 0.01) when the donor animal was fed hay and barley than when fed only hay.

Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and annual ryegrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South Central

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the first silage cut (both by 25% over 2 yr) compared to Diamond, a medium-maturing cultivar adapted to the area. Intercrops containing the semi-dwarf barley, Samson, produced more digestible forage including higher in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and lower ADF and lignin. Annual ryegrass yield in the first cut intercropped with Samson was almost twice that with either Diamond or Virden, showing that Samson barley is less competitive. Second-cut yield (ryegrass regrowth) was greater for tetraploid than diploid annual ryegrasses. Yields of fall pasture (cuts 3 and 4) were similar among ryegrass cultivars. Cuts 2 and 3 (ryegrass only) of Italian ryegrasses had superior quality (higher IVDDM and protein; and lower ADF, lignin, and NDF) to Westerwolds ryegrassses, but all cultivars had similar quality in the late fall (Cut 4). It was concluded that a range of barley and annual ryegrass cultivars can be successfully intercropped to produce forage in south central B.C.Key words: Intercropping, barley annual ryegrass, forage yield and quality

Relative efficacy of inocula from rumen fluid or faecal solution for determining in vitro digestibility and gas production

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El-Meadaway ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
M. S. Zaman ◽  
L. J. Yanke
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Faecal Suspension

Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of substituting rumen fluid (RF) with faecal suspension (FS) as an inoculum for determination of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD, experiment 1) and gas production (exp. 2). Barley grain (BG), Persian clover (PC), alfalfa (ALF), bromegrass (BR) and barley straw (BS) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the two inocula. In exp. 1, IVDMD was determined using RF or FS containing 3, 6 and 9% fresh cattle faeces as inocula. Except for BS, IVDMD values obtained with either RF or FS containing 3% faeces were not different (P > 0.05). In contrast, FS containing 6 or 9% faeces resulted in lower (P < 0.05) IVDMD than those obtained with RF. Total VFA, butyric and valeric acids of in vitro supernatant were higher (P < 0.05) in RF than FS incubated buffers. Molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids were variable among feeds. Mean acetic:propionic ratio was similar (except for BG) for RF or FS. In exp. 2, substitution of RF with FS containing 6, 11 or 16% cattle faeces as inoculum generally resulted in an increased lag time for four feeds (PC was not included). The rate of gas production was lower when FS was used instead of RF for ALF and BR. For BG however, use of FS resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) rate of gas production than when RF was used. Total gas production values were similar within all the feeds regardless of the source of inoculum. In experiment 3, the relative size of the total and cellulolytic populations were higher for RF than for FS, with a greater diversity of genera of bacteria isolated from RF. Results from this study indicate that FS has the potential to be used instead of RF to obtain IVDMD and gas production for BG and forage hay but not for poor quality roughages such as BS. However, more research with FS is required to confirm these findings. Key words: IVDMD, gas production, rumen fluid, faecal suspension

RELATIONSHIPS OF MATURITY, HEIGHT AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS WITH WHOLE-PLANT YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BARLEY CULTIVARS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
SOLOMON KIBITE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Eight six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines were used to study the relationship of whole-plant dry matter yield (WPY), whole-plant digestible yield (WPDY) and percent in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDOM) with plant height, maturity, grain and leaf content at the time of maximum WPY. The study was conducted at Lacombe, Alberta during 1983 and 1984. Whole-plant harvests were initiated at the 50% heading stage of individual lines and continued for seven consecutive weeks. WPY and WPDY attained maximum levels at identical harvest times after heading in all lines and years. In 1983 all lines, and in 1984, six of eight lines attained maximum WPY at the same time postheading (fourth and third harvest in 1983 and 1984, respectively). WPY and WPDY were significantly correlated with days from planting to time of maximum yield (TMY) in both years. Partial coefficients of determination from stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the effect of days from planting until TMY > plant height > days to heading on WPY. The effect of days from planting until TMY > plant height > IVDOM > days to heading on WPDY, and the effect leaf content was more important than any other variable on IVDOM. It was concluded that late-maturing, tall barley lines having a high leaf content were most likely to produce high WPDY and hence be advantageous for utilization as whole-plant barley forage.Key words: Barley, whole-plant, digestibility, maturity, height

scholarly journals N2O Fluxes and Related Processes of Denitrification in Acidified Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zheng ◽  
Junjun Ding ◽  
Qiaozhen Li ◽  
Chunying Xu ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In North China, high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water are used in fields, which cause considerable N2O fluxes via several pathways, especially anaerobic denitrification. Anaerobic denitrification is regarded as an important microbial process for N2O production in soils with a low O2 level and high N and labile C availability (the typical soil conditions caused by high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water in the field). We conducted an anaerobic incubation experiment to determine the impact of soil acidification (with a series of soil pH levels, pH 6.2, pH 7.1, and pH 8.7) on N2O source partitioning with the addition of KNO3 and glucose. Natural abundance isotope techniques and gas inhibitor technique were applied to analyze the N2O flux derived from fungal denitrification and bacterial denitrification and its isotopocule characteristics emitted from soils after the addition of NO- 3 and glucose. A mapping approach was used to obtain further insight into the N2O production processes. Our findings confirmed that soil pH strongly controlled the N2O production and reduction rates of denitrification. Soil acidification significantly increased N2O emissions varied from 0.76 mg N kg-1 for natural soil (pH 8.7), to 1.88 mg N kg-1 for pH 7.1, and to 2.35 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2, and had a blockage effect on the reduction of N2O to N2. The addition of carbon sources promoted complete denitrification. We assumed a higher contribution of fungal denitrification to N2O production compared to total N2O emission associated with acidified soil. A promotion of the contribution of fungal denitrification-derived N2O was indeed observed with decreasing pH, increasing from 0.28 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7 to 0.94 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. The addition of glucose further increased the contribution of fungal denitrification to N2O production from 0.99 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7 to 3.66 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. The mapping approach provided rational results for correcting N2O reduction compared with the acetylene inhibition method. The results calculated by both methods indicated a reasonably large contribution of fungal denitrification to total N2O production in acidified soils.

Potential of walnut (Juglans regia) leave ethanolic extract to modify ruminal fermentation, microbial populations and mitigate methane emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
M. Sahebi Ala ◽  
R. Pirmohammadi ◽  
H. Khalilvandi-Behroozyar ◽  
E. Anassori
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

Series of in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate dose–response effects of walnut leaf ethanolic extract (WLEE) on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, mitigation of methane emission and acidosis prevention. The treatments were conducted according to a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design formulated to contain corn (corn-based diet, CBD) and barley grain (barley-based diet, BBD), or equal amounts of barley and corn (barley and corn diet, BCD), consisting of either basal diets alone (0) or basal diets with 250, 500, 750 or 1000 µL of WLEE (W0, W250, W500, W750 and W1000 respectively) per litre of buffered rumen fluid. Three fistulated cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate mixes (same as the control diet) plus minerals and vitamins were used for collection of ruminal fluid. The asymptote of gas production and methane emission was decreased and lag time increased in a linear and quadratic manner with an increasing dose of WLEE (P &lt; 0.001). However, gas production rate reduced linearly as WLEE dose increased (P &lt; 0.001). Methane production was significantly reduced linearly (L) and quadratically (Q) when walnut ethanolic extract was increased from 250 to 1000 μL/L (L and Q; P &lt; 0.001). The addition of WLEE significantly altered the volatile fatty acid profile in comparison to control, reducing the molar proportion of acetate and increasing that of propionate (P &lt; 0.001), and also decreased the ammonia-N concentration (L, P &lt; 0.001). Dry-matter and organic-matter in vitro digestibility coefficients were negatively affected by WLEE supplementation (L and Q; P &lt; 0.001). Although anti-acidosis potential of WLEE was significantly lower than that of monensin, W1000 increased medium culture pH compared with uncontrolled acidosis and the lower doses of WLEE. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus were significantly reduced by WLEE, although to different magnitudes, depending on the corn and barley grain proportions in the diet. Results of the present study indicated that increasing addition levels of WLEE have noticeable effects on rumen microbial population and fermentation characteristics. It can be concluded that WLEE can potentially be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITTY OF BARLEY GRAINS TREATED WITH UREA: IN-VITRO STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfeeq & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

This study was conducted in a central laboratory of Agriculture College\ University of Baghdad, to study the effect of treated barley grains with urea as 1: 1 urea: barley grain (w:w) with or without heating on the in-vitro digestibility, total nitrogen content and releasing urea, the results showed a high significant increases (P<0.01) in total nitrogen content of treated barley grains with urea compared with non-treated, where it was 14.77% for barley soaked 24 hours with urea and 17.18% for barley- urea treated with heat and pressure in compared to 2.15% for untreated barley grains. There were continuity in urea production from barley grains soaked with urea for most times 0, 10, 20, 30, 60,120,180, and 240 minutes and a highly significant (P<0.01) compared to barley grains treated with urea. There were no significant differences in the in-vitro digestibility for concentrated rations when substituted treated barley grains with soya bean meal. In conclusion: we can use barley grains soaked with urea for ruminant feeding without side effects in contrast direct feeding of urea.

scholarly journals Mixed sugarcane and elephant grass silages with or without bacterial inoculant

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Francisco Eden Paiva Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total N

The effects of different ratios of sugarcane and elephant grass (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0% of the natural basis) were assessed on the chemical composition and losses in silages treated with a bacterial inoculant, using laboratory silos. A 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (with and without inoculant and five elephant grass ratios) in a randomized blocks design with three replications was used. Interaction was observed in the sugarcane and elephant grass ratio × bacterial inoculant for crude protein (CP) and pH. The other variables were influenced only by the increasing proportions of elephant grass. The contents of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, insoluble protein in acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin in the silages increased linearly with the proportions of elephant grass. The water soluble carbohydrate contents and dry matter in vitro digestibility of the silages decreased linearly with the increase in the proportion of elephant grass. The mean value of ammonia nitrogen in relation to total N was 7.0% (% of DM). The CP values of the inoculated and non-inoculated silage fitted linear models. The highest CP content was observed in the silage treated with inoculant. The pH values of the silages, with and without inoculant, fitted quadratic and linear models, respectively. The lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents were not influenced by the elephant grass ratios, while the acetic acid content, for the non-inoculated silages, and ethanol decreased linearly with the increase in elephant grass. The ratio of 25% sugarcane and 75% elephant grass improves the nutritional value and increases the silage DM recovery, because of the lower effluent and gas productions. The homofermentative bacterial inoculant does not affect the sugarcane silage.

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