EFFECT OF LONG-TERM ANNUAL ADDITIONS OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NITROGENOUS COMPONENTS OF A CLAY AND A SAND

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Sowden
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Material

The percentages of the total-N represented by the acid-soluble-N, amino acid-N, ammonia-N and amino sugar-N were similar in both soils and were only slightly, if at all, affected by the additions of the amendments. The amino acids commonly found in proteins were present in all the samples although the amounts of cystine and methionine were quite small. In addition, ornithine, cysteic acid, methionine sulfoxide, α-ε-diaminopimelic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid were found in all the samples; only ornithine was found in more than trace amounts. Hydroxyproline was found in all the clay plots but only in the rye-treated plot in the sand. Glucosamine and galactosamine were found in all the samples analyzed.Although the amendments added differed both in the total amount of amino acid and in their molar ratios, the soil material was quite uniform in its amino acid content. Glycine and aspartic acid tended to be higher and isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine lower in the soil than in the amendments added, where information on the composition of the amendments made comparison possible. The muck-treated plots were an exception, but the muck added was similar to soil material in its amino acid composition.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of Wool II. Analysis of the Major Histological Components Produced by Ultrasonic Disintegration

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Bradbury ◽  
GV Chapman ◽  
NLR King
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Merino Wool

Ultrasonic disruption of powdered Merino wool in formic acid and dichloroacetic acid causes some protein to be dissolved, but the amino acid content of the residual wool is unchanged by the treatment. Cortical cells and disrupted cortical cells are found to have the same composition as the parent fibre, which is to be expected because the latter consists of about 90 % cortical cells. However, the cuticle of Merino wool is different in composition from the parent fibre, being richer in cysteic acid, serine, proline, glycine, valine, and cystine, and poorer in aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and arginine than the whole fibre. Thus the cuticle is considerably less polar than the fibre as a whole. With the exceptions detailed below, it is found that the first group of amino acids listed above are classified as non a.helix.forming and the second group as a�helix� forming by Blout (1962). The exceptions are isoleucine and threonine, whilst arginine and glycine are not classified. It is therefore postulated that the cuticle is amorphous because of its high content of non a�helix.forming amino acids. The cuticle of Lincoln wool shows similar differences to those already given for Merino cuticle but, in addition, contains less lysine and histidine than the whole fibre.

EFFECT OF PERACETIC ACID OXIDATION ON N-CONTAINING COMPONENTS OF HUMIC MATERIALS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SCHNITZER ◽  
D. A. HINDLE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mild Oxidation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
Insight Into

Three humic and one fulvic acid were degraded by mild chemical oxidation with peracetic acid, with special emphasis on the effects of this type of oxidation on N-containing components. The different types of N that were considered were NH4+-N, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, NO2−-N + NO3−-N, and by difference from total N, "unknown" N. The behaviour toward mild chemical oxidation of all four preparations was essentially similar: there were decreases in mino acid-N, amino sugar-N and "unknown" N, increases in NH4+-N, NO2−-N + NO3−-N with one material, and in N-gases. The "unknown" N was not inert. Between 16.6 and 59.1% of the latter appeared to be converted, as a result of mild chemical oxidation, to NH3 and N-gases which were expelled from the systems. The results presented provide an insight into what happens to N-containing humic components as a result of mild oxidation.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE OF A BASIDIOMYCETOUS EDIBLE MUSHROOM-LENTINUS SAJOR-CAJU

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Lata . ◽  
Narender Singh Atri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Basidiomycetous Mushroom

Objective: In this paper amino acid profile of Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr., a basidiomycetous mushroom has been investigated.Methods: During the evaluation 15 amino acids (lysine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine) were determined from the dried sample of Lentinus sajor-caju by following the standard technique of biochemistry using ion-exchange chromatography.Results: The total amino acid content has been evaluated at 18.82 g/100g. Amongst the evaluated amino acids, exogenous amino acid lysine (6.66 g/100g) is preponderantly present in comparison to all other amino acids. The essential amino acid (EAA) index (44.64%) and biological value (BV=36.93%) has also been determined for the examined sample.Conclusion: Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr. is a potential source of quality protein with a substantial proportion of exogenous and endogenous amino acids.

Hydrolysate Preparation for Analysis of Amino Acids in Sorghum Grains: Effect of Oxidative Pretreatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Elkin ◽  
Joseph E Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
By Products

Abstract Sorghum samples were either untreated or oxidized with performic acid (PA) before hydrolysis, and their amino acid contents were determined by cation exchange chromatography using an amino acid analyzer. HC1 was used to destroy excess PA. Oxidative pretreatment of the samples resulted in increased yields of Cys (as cysteic acid), Met (as Met dioxide), and His, destroyed Tyr and Phe, and resulted in the appearance of an extraneous peak which most likely consisted of halogenation by-products (HBP) of Tyr and Phe. The destruction of Tyr and Phe occurred despite the presence of phenol, a halogen scavenger, in both the PA and hydrolysis reagents. The higher His values observed in all oxidized samples most likely resulted from the co-elution of His with Tyr and Phe HBP. It was concluded that the complete (except Trp) amino acid content of a feedstuff cannot be accurately determined from only one oxidized hydrolysate preparation by using this particular procedure.

INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE «ENTERO-ACTIVE» ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Y. Poberezhets
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Protein Supply

The research has proved that the usage of probiotyk in feeding of broiler chicken facilitate increasing of the digestibility of amino acids including irreplaceable. Revealed that the digestibility of amino acids was highest in broilers consumption average dose supplements investigated. It should be noted that the increased digestibility of the essential probiotic amino acids, such as: lysine, histidine, arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine. Thus, the use of probiotic supplements improve the usefulness of protein supply. Such positive changes result in the increasing of broiler efficiency. The research has proved that the usage of different doses of probiotic supplements «Entero-active» has positively effects on amino acid content in meat of broiler chickens. Specifically, the thoracic and femoral muscles of poultry raised the level of most essential amino acids. Thus, consumption of probiotic feed broilers improves meat quality.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of continuous cropping and different nutrient management practices on the distribution of organic nitrogen in soil under rice-wheat system

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kaur ◽  
Singh JP
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Hydrolysable N

A long-term experiment was used to evaluate the effects of different nutrient management practices on the distribution of soil organic N fractions and their contribution to N nutrition of a rice-wheat system. Continuous rice-wheat cultivation for 13 years without any fertilization was unable to maintain total soil nitrogen level to its original level and resulted in a decrease at 8.3 mg N/kg/year. Likewise, amino acid N, amino sugar N, ammonia N, hydrolysable unknown N, total hydrolysable N and non-hydrolysable N decreased by 37.2, 29.6, 33.7, 10.4, 26.6 and 20.4%, respectively over their initial status. However, application of inorganic fertilizers alone or in combination with organic manures led to a marked increase in total N and its fractions. The increase in total N with the application of farmyard manure, press mud and green manure along with inorganic fertilizer over treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone was 23.1, 34.4 and 7.0%, respectively. These results imply that integrated use of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures represent a sound practice for sustaining N reserves in soil. On average, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, ammonia-N and hydrolysable unknown-N constituted about 27.9, 10.7, 28.7 and 32.7% of the total hydrolysable-N, respectively.

ORGANIC NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN SELECTED PEATS AND PEAT FRACTIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. SOWDEN ◽  
H. MORITA ◽  
M. LEVESQUE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mesh Material ◽  
The Individual

The nitrogenous products formed by 6 N HCl hydrolysis of a variety of peats including a cultivated mesic profile, a virgin humic profile, a sedge, a woody and a sphagnum fibric peat were studied. Peat fractions separated according to particle size, woody and herbaceous materials isolated from a peat sample, and Typha and Carex plants growing on peat soils were also analyzed. Of the two profiles examined, the cultivated mesic peat showed significant quantitative changes in the content of individual amino acids throughout the profile. Also the amino sugar and amino acid N increased to a maximum, then decreased. On the other hand, the virgin humic peat profile exhibited random variations in the content of the individual amino acids and in the amount of amino acid N. Of the other peats examined, the fibric sphagnum had the highest percentage of amino acid N. Among the separates, the 100- to 200-mesh material had the highest proportion of amino acid N. The amino acid composition of the plant remains from the peat was similar to that of the peat from which it was isolated. The amino acid composition of the Typha and Carex plants was different from that of peat in that 75% of their total N content could be accounted for on the basis of amino acid, amide and amino sugar N. The amounts of hydroxyproline and the amino sugars in peats vary more than that of the amino compounds. In contrast to inorganic soils, which tend to have a similar amino acid composition, these limited data suggest that the amino acid and amino sugar contents of peats may be characteristic of individual bogs.

DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGEN IN THE BLACK SOLONETZIC AND BLACK CHERNOZEMIC SOILS OF ALBERTA

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. KHAN ◽  
F. J. SOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Amino Acid Distribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

More N was brought into solution by hydrolysis with 6 N HCl from the Ah horizons of a Black Solonetz and a Black Solod than from the Ah horizon of a Black Chernozem soil of Alberta. The percentages of total N represented by the ammonium-N, amino acid-N and amino sugar-N were similar for the three soils. The proportion of soil-N present as amino acid-N and amino sugar-N decreased and that of ammonium-N increased with depth in all three profiles. The acid hydrolysis of the water-extract obtained from Ah horizon of the Black Solonetz released more (ammonium + amino acid + amino sugar)-N than did that of the Ah horizons of the other two soils. The humic acid fractions obtained from Ah horizons contained more total N than did the humic acids extracted from the B horizons of the three soils. While the proportions of N accounted for as (ammonium + amino acid + amino sugar)-N in the humic acid fractions from Ah horizons of the soils were similar, they increased in the order Chernozem > Solod > Solonetz for the B horizons. In general, there were few noteworthy differences in the amino acid distribution between the three soils or between the various horizons of the same soil. The hydrolyzates of the water-extracts of Ah horizons showed higher values for the molar distribution of threonine, serine, glycine and alanine, and lower values for aspartic acid and glutamic acid than did the corresponding hydrolyzates of the soils; the amounts of free amino acids in these extracts were very small. There was little difference in the amino acid composition of the humic acid fractions obtained from the three soils or from the different horizons of the same soil; it was, in general, similar to that of the soils. The data indicate that differences in the salt regime in the Solonetzic, Solodic and Chernozemic soils do not result in the different kinds of nitrogenous organic matter.

scholarly journals Increased Grain Amino Acid Content in Rice with Earthworm Castings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Chunrong Zhao ◽  
Yingbin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content

Enhancing the nutritional value of rice can improve the health of rice consumers. Grain amino acid content is an important nutritional component. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the application of earthworm castings could increase the grain amino acid content in rice. Results showed that total amino acid content in the grain of rice was significantly elevated by applying earthworm castings (17 kg m−2), with an average increase of 8% across four tested rice cultivars. Application of earthworm castings had no significant effect on total nitrogen (N) content but significantly increased the ratio of amino acid to N (total amino acid content/total N content) in rice grains. The results of the present study suggest that application of earthworm castings can increase grain amino acid content in rice by improving the efficiency of the N to amino acid conversion, and highlight that further studies are required to assess the effects of earthworm castings on the amino acid metabolism in rice grains.

scholarly journals Available versus digestible dietary amino acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S298-S305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Rutherfurd ◽  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Available Lysine

Available amino acids are those absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in a form suitable for body protein synthesis. True ileal digestible amino acids are determined based on the difference between dietary amino acid intake and unabsorbed dietary amino acids at the terminal ileum. The accuracy of ileal digestible amino acid estimates for predicting available amino acid content depends on several factors, including the accuracy of the amino acid analysis procedure. In heat processed foods, lysine can react with compounds to form nutritionally unavailable derivatives that are unstable during the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis step of amino acid analysis and can revert back to lysine causing an overestimate of available lysine. Recently, the true ileal digestible reactive (available) lysine assay based on guanidination has provided a means of accurately determining available lysine in processed foods. Methionine can be oxidised during processing to form methionine sulphoxide and methionine sulphone and cysteine oxidised to cysteic acid. Methionine sulphoxide, but not methionine sulphone or cysteic acid, is partially nutritionally available in some species of animal. Currently, methionine and cysteine are determined as methionine sulphone and cysteic acid respectively after quantitative oxidation prior to acid hydrolysis. Consequently, methionine and cysteine are overestimated if methionine sulphone or cysteic acid are present in the original material. Overall, given the problems associated with the analysis of some amino acids in processed foodstuffs, the available amino acid content may not always be accurately predicted by true ileal amino acid digestibility estimates. For such amino acids specific analytical strategies may be required.

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