RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOIL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND SOIL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF SOME MANITOBA SOILS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Shaykewich ◽  
M. A. Zwarich
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Density Field ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Large Standard Error

The relationships between soil physical constants and soil components of Manitoba soils were investigated on 112 samples varying widely m physical composition. The physical constants bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting percentage, available moisture on a weight basis, and available moisture on a volume basis were related to the soil components fine sand, very fane sand, silt, clay, organic matter and calcium carbonate. The results showed that a highly significant relationship existed between soil components and each soil physical constant. In the case of bulk density, field capacity and permanent wilting percentage, the relationships were sufficiently close to permit their use for prediction purposes. The large standard error of estimate for the regression equations of the other two soil physical constants limited their usefulness for this purpose.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Extrusion Processing Parameters on Physical Properties of Soy White Flakes and High Protein Distillers Dried Grains-Based Extruded Aquafeeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Singh ◽  
K. Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Durability Index

<p>Nutritionally balanced ingredient blends for catla (<em>Catla catla</em>), belonging to the family Cyprinidae, were extruded using single screw extruder. The extrusion was carried out at five levels of soy white flakes content (21%, 29%, 40%, 52%, and 59% db), five levels of moisture content (15, 19, 25, 31, and 35% db) and five levels of barrel temperature (100, 110, 125, 140, and 150 ºC) using three different die nozzles (having L/D ratios 3.33, 5.83, and 7.25). Blends with net protein content of 32.5% contains soy white flakes, along with high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), corn flour, corn gluten meal, fish meal, vitamin, and mineral mix. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and  response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the significance of independent and interaction effects of the extrusion process variables on the extrudates physical properties namely pellet durability index, bulk density, water absorption and solubility indices and expansion ratio. Quadratic polynomial regression equations were developed to correlate the product responses and process variables as well as to obtain the response surfaces plots. The independent variables had significant (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.05) effects on physical properties of extrudates: (i) higher soy white flakes content increased the pellet durability index and water absorption index, but decreased the water solubility index, (ii) higher temperature decreased pellet durability index, bulk density and water solubility index, (iii) increased L/D ratio from 3.33 to 7.25 increased the pellet durability index, expansion ratio but decreased the bulk density of the extrudates.</p>

EMPIRICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SOIL COMPONENTS AND WATER RETENTION AT 1/3 and 15 ATMOSPHERES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DE JONG ◽  
K. LOEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Soil Components

Regression equations, developed to predict the water content at 1/3- and 15-atm tension for various soil Orders in Canada, were tested against a set of independent data with generally a good degree of success. Some of the discrepancies between predicted and observed values could be attributed to the mineralogical and/or textural distribution of the prediction vs. test data, but in other cases causes of inconsistency were unclear. The equations which were not tested, due to insufficient available test data, should be used with caution.

Effect of Nano, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Some Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Productivity in Saline Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Kh. A. Shaban ◽  
M. A. Esmaeil ◽  
A. K. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Kh. A. Faroh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

Properties and Management of Allophanic Soils

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. R. Juo ◽  
Kathrin Franzluebbers
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
High Soil

Allophanic soils are dark-colored young soils derived mainly from volcanic ash. These soils typically have a low bulk density (< 0.9 Mg/m3), a high water retention capacity (100% by weight at field capacity), and contain predominantly allophanes, imogolite, halloysite, and amorphous Al silicates in the clay fraction. These soils are found in small, restricted areas with volcanic activity. Worldwide, there are about 120 million ha of allophanic soils, which is about 1% of the Earth's ice-free land surface. In tropical regions, allophanic soils are among the most productive and intensively used agricultural soils. They occur in the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean and South Pacific islands, East Africa, Central America, and the Andean rim of South America. Allophanic soils are primarily Andisols and andic Inceptisols, Entisols, Mollisols, and Alfisols according to the Soil Taxonomy classification. Allophanic soils generally have a dark-colored surface soil, slippery or greasy consistency, a predominantly crumb and granular structure, and a low bulk density ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 Mg/m3. Although allophanic soils are apparently well-drained, they still have a very high water content many days after rain. When the soil is pressed between fingers, it gives a plastic, greasy, but non-sticky sensation of a silty or loamy texture. When dry, the soil loses its greasiness and becomes friable and powdery. The low bulk density of allophanic soils is closely related to the high soil porosity. For example, moderately weathered allophanic soils typically have a total porosity of 78%, with macro-, meso-, and micropores occupying 13%, 33%, and 32%, respectively. Water retained in the mesopores is readily available for plant uptake. Water retained in the micropores is held strongly by soil particles and is not readily available for plant use. The macropores provide soil aeration and facilitate water infiltration. The high water retention capacity is also associated with the high soil porosity. In allophanic soils formed under a humid climate, especially those containing large amounts of allophane, the moisture content at field capacity can be as high as 300%, calculated on a weight basis. Such extremely high values of water content seem misleading.

Properties of Dan Kwian, Sukhothai and Ratchaburi Pottery Clays Fired at 700 and 900 °C

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Nonglak Meethong ◽  
Wanwisa Pattanasiriwisawa ◽  
Weenawan Somphon ◽  
Waraporn Tanthanuch ◽  
Sutham Srilomsak
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Statistical Software

Dan Kwian, Sukhothai and Ratchaburi pottery clays are economically important pottery clays. They are well known in the Thai ceramic society for making Dan Kwian pottery, Sawankhalok pottery and Dragon jars, respectively. There have been several studies of these pottery clays. However, few of them used statistics to analyze their results. This work is a comparative study of the compositions and properties of these three pottery clays using statistical software to analyze the results. Results show that the major components of these pottery clays are SiO2 and Al2O3. The Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of each pottery clay fired at 700°C are not significantly different. Sukhothai pottery clay fired at 900°C has a higher MOR and bulk density while its porosity, water absorption and apparent specific gravity are less than those of the Dan Kwian and Ratchaburi pottery clays fired at the same temperature. Additionally, the current study developed regression equations for estimating the properties of all pottery clays under study. Finally, it was found that the L*, a*, b* and reflectance spectra of all pottery clays increased when firing temperature was increased from 700 to 900°C.

scholarly journals Modification of sandy soil hydrophysical environment through bagasse additive under laboratory experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Abd El-Halim ◽  
Arunsiri Kumlung
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Until now sandy soils can be considered as one roup having common hydrophysical problems. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of bagasse as an amendment to improve hydrophysical properties of sandy soil, through the determination of bulk density, aggregatesize distribution, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, pore-space structure and water retention. To fulfil this objective, sandy soils were amended with bagasse at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4% on the dry weight basis. The study results demonstrated that the addition of bagasse to sandy soils in between 3 to 4% on the dry weight basis led to a significant decrease in bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and rapid-drainable pores, and increase in the total porosity, water-holding pores, fine capillary pores, water retained at field capacity, wilting point, and soil available water as compared with the control treatment

LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF FIELD BULK DENSITY FOR IMPROVING FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS OF ORGANIC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. VAN LIEROP
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The objectives of this study were to find ways to improve the accuracy of soil fertilizer recommendations by taking into account the variation in bulk density (BD) of organic soils. To achieve this end, field BD values of 30 organic soils (0.100–0.504 g/mL) were used to evaluate methods of measuring the BD in the laboratory by means of correlation and regression techniques. A simple and rapid procedure using the reconstituted BD of field-moist soils was the most accurate means of determining the average field BD in the laboratory, as indicated by the correlation coefficient obtained between the BD values obtained by this method and those in the field (r = 0.975**). The second most accurate method relied upon the exponential relationship between the water content of soils and their BD (R2 = 91.1 %). The least exact method of correcting for BD variations was to scoop a volume of dried (65 °C) and sieved (2-mm) soils, as is done in some soil test laboratories. Although the values obtained by this method were related (r = 0.502**) to the field data, drying caused shrinkage of soils, thereby increasing their BD about twofold. Soil pH (r = 0.716**) and percentage ash contents (r = 0.851**) were also related to the field BD of soils. These tests could be used to estimate the BD of soils when the preferred method cannot be used. Regression equations are provided for relating appropriate test values to the BD of organic soils.

scholarly journals Estimation of the net energy value of barley for finishing beef steers1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1550-1560
Author(s):  
Jan G P Bowman ◽  
Darrin L Boss ◽  
Lisa M M Surber ◽  
Tom K Blake
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify barley grain characteristics measured by laboratory procedures that could be used to predict barley energy content for finishing beef steers. Twenty-eight different barley genotypes were evaluated including 18 cultivars and 10 experimental lines. Laboratory analysis of barley samples included bulk density, particle size, N, ADF, starch, and ISDMD (in situ DM disappearance after 3 h of ruminal incubation). Animal performance data (BW, DMI, ADG, steer NEm, and NEg requirements) were collected from 26 feedlot experiments conducted in Montana and Idaho during a 10-yr period and were used to estimate barley NEm and NEg content. A total of 80 experimental units were available with each experimental unit being a diet mean from an individual feedlot experiment. Fifty-eight of the 80 experimental units were randomly selected and used in the development data set and the remaining 22 experimental units were used in the validation data set. Forward, backward, and stepwise selection methods were used to identify variables to be included in regression equations for NEm using PROC REG of SAS. Barley samples in the model development data set represented a wide range in concentrations (DM basis): N (1.6% to 2.8%), ISDMD (25.7% to 58.7%), ADF (3.6% to 8.0%), starch (44.1% to 62.4%), particle size (1,100 to 2,814 µm), and bulk density (50.8 to 69.4 kg/hL). The barley grain characteristics of particle size, ISDMD, starch, and ADF were the most important variables in six successful models (R2 = 0.48 to 0.60; P = 0.001). The six prediction equations gave mean predicted values for NEm ranging from 1.99 to 2.05 Mcal/kg (average 2.04 Mcal/kg; 0.45% CV). The mean actual NEm values from animal performance trials ranged from 1.75 to 2.48 Mcal/kg (average 2.03 Mcal/kg; 6.5% CV). The mean bias or difference in predicted vs. actual values ranged from −0.001 to 0.005 Mcal/kg. Barley NEg values calculated from animal performance ranged from 1.13 to 1.78 Mcal/kg (average 1.39 Mcal/kg; 8.4% CV). Average predicted barley NEm and NEg were 0.02 and 0.01 Mcal/kg less, respectively, than the 2.06 Mcal/kg NEm and 1.40 Mcal/kg NEg reported by NRC. Barley NE can be predicted from simple laboratory procedures which will aid plant breeders developing new feed varieties and nutritionists formulating finishing rations for beef cattle.

scholarly journals On soil textural classifications and soil texture-based estimations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín ◽  
Yakov A. Pachepsky ◽  
Carlos García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Texture Representation

Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet 'sand-silt-clay' is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6300 soil samples. Results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the 'sand-silt-sand' and 'very coarse+coarse + medium sand – fine +very fine sand – silt+clay', were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application- and data-specific.

Effect of combined soil water and external load on soil compaction

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hamza ◽  
S. S. Al-Adawi ◽  
K. A. Al-Hinai
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
External Load ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration

Reducing soil compaction is now an important issue in agriculture due to intensive use of farm machinery in different farm operations. This experiment was designed to study the influence of combinations of external load and soil water on soil compaction. Four soil water levels were combined with four external loads as follows: soil water—air-dry, 50% of field capacity, field capacity, and saturation; external load using different-sized tractors—no load (0 kg), small tractor (2638 kg), medium tractor (3912 kg), and large tractor (6964 kg). Soil bulk density, soil strength, and soil water infiltration rate were measured at 0–100, 100–200, and 200–300 mm soil depths. The 16 treatments were set up in a randomised block design with three replications. Combined increases in soil water and external load increased soil compaction, as indicated by increasing soil bulk density and soil strength and decreasing soil water infiltration rate. There was no significant interaction between soil water and external load for bulk density at all soil depths, but the interaction was significant for soil strength and infiltration rates at all soil depths. The ratio between the weight of the external load and the surface area of contact between the external load and the ground was important in determining the degree of surface soil compaction. Least compaction was produced by the medium tractor because it had the highest tyre/ground surface area contact. In general, the effects of soil water and external load on increasing soil bulk density and soil strength were greater in the topsoil than the subsoil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document