THE RELATIONSHIP OF WATER-SOLUBLE CATIONS TO FIELD SEPARATIONS OF CHERNOZEMIC AND SOLONETZIC SOILS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ballantyne ◽  
J. S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is suggested that cations present in extracts of water-saturated soil samples can be used to complement and substantiate the field classification of soils into the Solonetzic and Chernozemic Orders by the Canadian system, and that an evaluation of these cations together with pH can be used as substantiating criteria at the sub-group level.Two hundred and ninety-one profiles, sampled by the Saskatchewan Soil Survey during the 1959–61 seasons, have been separated into high, medium and low sodium profiles and on this basis correlated with the field classification. Most of the high sodium soils were in the Solonetzic Order, and the medium and low sodium in the Chernozemic Order.The proposed laboratory criteria gave over 80 per cent agreement with the field classification at the order level. This percentage was obtained from a range of 97 per cent for the Orthic Chernozem to 63 per cent for the Solonetz profile. The agreement at the lower level varied from 95 per cent for the Rego Chernozem to 38 for the Solonetz.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

Abstract P614: Relationship Of Sodium Intake And Stress With Bone Health In Women

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Jasti ◽  
Deborah L Stewart ◽  
Gregory A Harshfield
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The skeleton is vital to sodium homeostasis, accounting for 40% of the body’s sodium. Research indicates stress and low sodium intake are independently associated with RAAS activation. In certain populations, stress can induce salt sensitivity, increasing the risk of hypertension and target organ damage, but the association of low versus high sodium intake with bone health is controversial. Purpose: This study sought out the relationship of low sodium and stress-induced RAAS activation with bone health. The tested hypothesis was those with lowest sodium intake would have lower total bone mineral density (TBMD) and content (TBMC) associated with stress-induced increases in angiotensin ii (Ang II) and aldosterone (Aldo). Methods: We compared effect of stress on Ang II, Aldo, TBMD and TMBC in healthy Caucasian and African-American adolescents. Subjects were grouped by quartiles based on sodium intake, assessed by urinary sodium excretion. Results: Due to females, overall significant inverse associations are observed between TBMD, TBMC, Ang II and Aldo in the lowest sodium intake quartile. Post-stress, women in the lowest sodium intake quartile showed that increases in both Ang II and Aldo correspond with lower TMBC and TMBD. There was no significance between Ang II, Aldo, TMBC and TMBD in the three highest quartiles of women nor in any male quartile. Conclusion: These data suggest Ang II and Aldo may reduce TMBC and TMBD in women. Stress-induced increases in Ang II and Aldo, with low sodium intake, may further reduce TBMD and TBMC in women. Ang II inhibition and/or moderated salt intake may be an efficacious prevention or treatment against the development of osteoporosis.

GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH XX-ISOCHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION AND ABNORMAL THYROID PATTERNS

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Milet ◽  
E. R. Plunkett ◽  
D. H. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Lyon Hypothesis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

ABSTRACT The authors report a female patient with XXi constitution for the long arm of the X chromosome associated with thyroid abnormalities, high digital ridge count and chronic suppurative otitis media. This is followed by a discussion of the correlation between genotype and phenotype, comment on the Lyon hypothesis, the relationship of thyroid abnormalities to this condition, autoimmune disease, unbalanced sex chromosomal constitution and the association with a high total digital ridge count. Finally a single hypothesis is proposed for the associated clinical entities that have been found and the suggestion that the classification of this particular type of gonadal dysgenesis be considered as a new syndrome, the »XX-isochromosome syndrome«.

WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS IN THE PARENT MATERIAL OF SOLONETZIC AND CHERNOZEMIC SOILS IN SASKATCHEWAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Low Sodium

The B, C1 and a C2 horizon were sampled from 26 Solonetz and 35 Orthic Chernozemic profiles. Water-soluble analyses were done on all samples. Soil profiles developed from saline parent material may be in either the Solonetzic or Chernozemic Order. Eighty-eight percent of the Solonetz and 34% of the Chernozemic profiles were developed on saline C2 horizons. Seventy-three percent of the Solonetz were developed on C2 horizons that were saline and contained over 40% water-soluble sodium. No Chernozemics developed on this type of C2 material. Forty-nine percent of the Chernozemics developed on non-saline, low-sodium C2 horizons. No Solonetz profiles developed on this type of C2 horizon. This information could be used to assist in the classification of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils. The pH of the B, C1 or C2 horizons was of no value in distinguishing between Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils.

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SYNDROMES POSSIBLY RELATED

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123
Author(s):  
M. A. Ogryzlo ◽  
H. A. Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Attention is drawn to the difficulties that may be encountered in the positive identification and classification of many patients suspected of suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. Much of this is due to a lack of specific criteria, either clinical or pathologic, for the diagnosis of the disease. The problem has been made more difficult by the recognition of a number of other syndromes that bear a superficial resemblance to systemic lupus erythematosus, yet differ in clinical manifestations, natural course, prognosis and other respects. A feature common to the group is the presence of the L.E. cell phenomenon. The related conditions differ from lupus enythematosus in that the L.E. phenomenon may only be demonstrable intermittently especially during severe exacerbations of the disease, while at the same time disturbances in the electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins may be much more profound. In systemic rheumatoid disease the prognosis without steroid therapy is better than in systemic lupus erythematosus, although the morbidity may be great. The reactions which follow administration of certain chemotherapeutic agents are of considerable interest, particularly in view of the similarity to lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and the reversibility on withdrawal of the offending agent. The relationship of these syndromes to each other and to classical systemic lupus erythematosus has not yet been resolved, and inclusion of them under the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus at this time must be regarded as premature.

Accounting theories and their impact on the formation and development of social expenditure accounting

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Vera Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Gai ◽  
Oksana Yurchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the essence of accounting theories, approaches to their separation, the relationship of accounting and economic theories, and the direction of development of accounting theories in accordance with the needs of economic and social development. The approaches to the classification of accounting theories are generalized, as well as the approaches to the interpretation of «accounting theory», the peculiarities of the interpretation of the subject of accounting from the point of view of different accounting theories are revealed and the objectivity of expansion of accounting objects is substantiated. In the context of the formation and development of accounting theories, the category of «social costs» is considered as an accounting object.

scholarly journals Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Field ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as described by quantum field theory. The relationship of the classification of particles to quantum-field-theoretic calculations and the diagrammatic aids that are often used in them is clarified. It is pointed out that the distinction between virtual particles and others and, therefore, judgments regarding their reality have been made on basis of these methods rather than on their physical characteristics. As such, it has obscured the question of their existence. It is here argued that the most influential arguments against the existence of virtual particles but not other particles fail because they either are arguments against the existence of particles in general rather than virtual particles per se, or are dependent on the imposition of classical intuitions on quantum systems, or are simply beside the point. Several reasons are then provided for considering virtual particles real, such as their descriptive, explanatory, and predictive value, and a clearer characterization of virtuality—one in terms of intermediate states—that also applies beyond perturbation theory is provided. It is also pointed out that in the role of force mediators, they serve to preclude action-at-a-distance between interacting particles. For these reasons, it is concluded that virtual particles are as real as other quantum particles.

MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE TERMINALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA, AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mutuura
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Genealogical Tree ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the phylogenetic classification of the Lepidoptera, the position of the genital opening and its modifications help to clarify the relationship of the Zeugloptera to the lepidopterous suborders. Three different systems of the suborder classification of the Lepidoptera, into Homoneura and Heteroneura (Tillyard, Imms, etc.), Monotrysia and Ditrysia (Borner), and Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (Hinton), are not supported by evidence obtained in the study of the female genitalia.The development of the female terminalia is closely associated with the mode of oviposition. Several types of female terminalia are found in the primitive Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Agathiphagidae, Tineidae, Nepticulidae, and Eriocraniidae). They are divided into four categories: hepialid type — the eggs are dropped randomly; typical lepidopterous type — the eggs are laid on the surface of food plants; eriocraniid type — the eggs are laid inside the food plants; tineid type — the eggs are laid in crevices of food. Each of the types is derivable from the types occurring in Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Agathiphagidae, and Eriocraniidae, respectively. These types are still far removed from the type of female terminalia in Micropterygidae of the Zeugloptera.The modes of egg-laying as well as the morphological characters of the female genitalia must be taken into consideration in suborder classification of the Lepidoptera.A genealogical tree based on the female terminalia suggests four main branches: hepialid branch — includes Neopseustidae and Prototheoridae; typical lepidopterous branch — includes all Ditrysia and Nepticulidae; tineid branch — includes only Tineidae; eriocraniid branch — includes Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Adelidae, and Heliozelidae.

scholarly journals Inline Reticulorumen pH as an Indicator of Cows Reproduction and Health Status

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
Cow Health ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Study Hypothesis

Our study hypothesis is that the interline registered pH of the cow reticulum can be used as an indicator of health and reproductive status. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship of pH, using the indicators of the automatic milking system (AMS), with some parameters of cow blood components. The following four main groups were used to classify cow health status: 15–30 d postpartum, 1–34 d after insemination, 35 d after insemination (not pregnant), and 35 d (pregnant). Using the reticulum pH assay, the animals were categorized as pH < 6.22 (5.3% of cows), pH 6.22–6.42 (42.1% of cows), pH 2.6–6.62 (21.1% of cows), and pH > 6.62 (10.5% of cows). Using milking robots, milk yield, fat protein, lactose level, somatic cell count, and electron conductivity were registered. Other parameters assessed included the temperature and pH of the contents of reticulorumens. Assessment of the aforementioned parameters was done using specific smaX-tec boluses. Blood gas parameters were assessed using a blood gas analyzer (EPOC (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). The study findings indicated that pregnant cows have a higher pH during insemination than that of non-pregnant ones. It was also noted that cows with a low fat/protein ratio, lactose level, and high SCC had low reticulorumen pH. They also had the lowest blood pH. It was also noted that, with the increase of reticulorumen pH, there was an increased level of blood potassium, a high hematocrit, and low sodium and carbon dioxide saturation.

scholarly journals Experiences of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2009-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Knapton
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health problem characterized by persistent obsessions and compulsions. This article provides insights into experiences of OCD through a qualitative, thematic analysis performed on a set of interviews with people with OCD. Four themes were found as central in the participants’ descriptions of OCD episodes: (a) space, (b) the body, (c) objects, and (d) interactions. The findings also show that episodes of OCD can be grouped into three broad categories: (a) activity episodes, which revolve around everyday tasks; (b) state episodes, which are concerned with the self and identity; and (c) object episodes, which are concerned with the effects of objects on the self. The relationship of this three-way classification of OCD episodes to existing cognitive models of OCD is discussed. The study also demonstrates the value of categorizing episodes, rather than people, into subtypes of OCD so that intra-participant variation can be highlighted.

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