CROP RESPONSE TO LIME AND FERTILIZER SUPERIMPOSED ON DIFFERENT TILLAGE TREATMENTS FOR A VIRGIN GREY WOODED SOIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Herman A. Hamilton ◽  
J. R. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Residual Phosphorus ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Forage Yields

A virgin Grey Wooded soil was subjected to different tillage treatments receiving various rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and lime. In a 5-year rotation of oats followed by 4 years of hay, oat forage yields with 24-inch plowing appeared to be less than those obtained with shallower tillage treatments, but the subsequent first- and second-year hay yields were substantially higher. Nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased oat forage yields irrespective of tillage treatment. Increases in first-year hay yields due to residual phosphorus were highly significant with 12-inch and 24-inch plowing. Second-year hay yields were significantly increased by residual phosphorus on all tillage treatments with increases being in the order 12-inch plowing and disking greater than 6-inch and 24-inch plowing. Irrespective of tillage treatment, lowest hay yields were obtained in the first year of harvest. Despite the greater saturation of the sub-surface soil with bases, lime significantly increased hay yields on plots plowed to 24 inches. Whereas the legume component of the hay mixture was initially high on plots plowed to 24 inches, in the succeeding years the percentage decreased considerably. On the other hand, legume percentage, which was initially low, increased for plots that were disked or plowed to 6 inches. Plowing to a depth of 12 inches appeared to be the most satisfactory procedure in maintaining the best hay yields with a high percentage of legumes.

Interference of bull thistle (Cirsiumvulgare) with growth of ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa) seedlings in a forest plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Randall ◽  
Marcel Rejmánek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The biennial thistle Cirsiumvulgare (Savi) Tenore significantly reduced ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedling growth during the second year of infestation but had insignificant effects in the first year when all thistles were in the rosette stage. Pine stem diameter relative growth rate was significantly negatively correlated with four different indices of thistle interference and with visual estimates of thistle cover. Total thistle density (adults + rosettes) within 2.0 m of target seedlings best explained differences in stem relative growth rate, but density of adults alone and visual estimates of thistle cover were nearly as good. Simple regressions indicated that soil moisture and pine predawn leaf water potential were significantly negatively correlated with thistle density and significantly positively correlated with stem relative growth rate, but multiple regressions and path analyses indicated that their effects on seedling growth were negligible relative to the other (unexplained) effects of thistle density. Foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations were not significantly correlated with thistle density and failed to explain differences in seedling growth. Although it remains unclear how thistles suppressed pine seedling growth, if these results hold true at other sites, plantation managers will have at their disposal relatively easy methods for assessing thistle interference.

The Homing of Salmon in Apple River, N.S.

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
The West ◽  
Tidal Water ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tidal Pools

Salmon from the East branch marked as smolts in 1934 returned as grilse in the fall of 1935, entering only the East branch up to spawning time. After October 22 more entered the West than the East branch. Female salmon tagged as adults gave evidence of remaining each in a particular "home" pool. After spawning some females dropped down to tidal pools in early November and later reascended the stream. Male salmon tagged as adults left their "home" pools, roaming up and down and even going through tidal water to the other branch; yet males came back the second year to the same pool in which they were taken (in one case repeatedly) in the first year.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation and canopy structure during stockpiling of Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Lucas Santos de Moraes ◽  
Flávio Henrique de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare herbage accumulation and canopy structural characteristics during the stockpiling period of the Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás cultivars of Urochloa brizantha. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates. The experiment was repeated for two years (2017 and 2018), under mechanical cutting conditions, and the canopies were stockpiled for 90 days, from March to June. In the first year, forage mass was higher for the Xaraés and Paiaguás cultivars; however, in the second year, Xaraés showed a forage mass higher than that of the other cultivars. The number of vegetative tillers at the end of the stockpiling period was higher for Paiaguás, contrary to what was observed for number of reproductive tillers. The herbage accumulation rate was higher for the Paiaguás and Xaraés cultivars. The Paiaguás grass stands out for its high herbage accumulation rate during the stockpiling period and for its higher number of vegetative tillers and lower number of reproductive tillers than that of the other cultivars.

Glufosinate-Resistant, BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Response to Glufosinate Alone and in Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Sankula ◽  
Michael P. Braverman ◽  
Steven D. Linscombe
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Second Year ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Glufosinate applied postemergence alone and in mixture with pendimethalin, thiobencarb, quinclorac, propanil, bensulfuron, bentazon, acifluorfen, or triclopyr was evaluated on bialaphosresistant (BAR) rice and red rice in field studies. Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha alone was less phytotoxic (6%) to BAR-transformed rice than when it was applied in combination with 0.4 kg ai/ha triclopyr (59%) or 0.6 kg ai/ha acifluorfen (22%). Rice yield with glufosinate alone was similar to the weed-free check the first year, but 13% less than the weed-free check the second year. For the glufosinate plus triclopyr mixture, rice yield was reduced by 39 and 76% compared with glufosinate alone in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Red rice control was 92% with either 3.4 kg ai/ha propanil or 0.6 kg/ha acifluorfen mixed with 0.6 kg/ha glufosinate, which was greater than for glufosinate alone and the other combinations. Propanil or acifluorfen mixed with glufosinate reduced red rice plant height, panicle maturity, and 100-seed weight 16, 31, and 24%, respectively, compared to glufosinate alone and 30, 48, and 43%, respectively, compared to the nontreated weedy check.

scholarly journals Bal Arısı (Apis Mellifera L., 1758) Kolonilerinde Hijyenik Davranışa Etki Eden Faktörler ile Tespit Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırması Üzerine Bir Çalışma

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Ethem Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hygienic Behaviour ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Process Method ◽  
Group 1

This study was conducted to determine the better hygienic behaviour determination method that is used in controlling against bee diseases and pests. Total forty honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) were used and they were randomly divided into two groups (each group consists of twenty colonies) in first year. Liquid nitrogen method was used in the first group' colonies and pin-killing (needling process) method was used in the second group’ colonies to determine the effectiveness of methods for hygienic behaviour. Average clearance rate was found as 66.25% and 78.10% in the first (Liquid nitrogen application) and the second (pin-killing) groups respectively. In the second year, forty colonies were divided into five equal groups and each group consisted eight colonies. The first group consisted of 9 frames bees in standard langstroot hive (10 frame capacity), the second group consisted of 5 frames bees in standard langstroot hive (10 frame capacity), the third group consisted of 5 frames bees in ruşet hive (5 frame capacity), the forth group’s consisted of 3 frames bees in ruşet hive (5 frame capacity) and the fifty group consisted of queen mating hive. The pin-killing (needling process) method, tested in first year, was used for all groups to determine the effectiveness of colony population and the size of hive. Average clearance rates of the first, second, third, forth and fifth groups were 70.54%, 58.38%, 70.63%, 54.96% and 58.21% respectively. The colonies that belonged to the pin-killing (needling) group showed a higher cleaning behaviour rate than the other colonies. The density of bees in hive had an important effect on the clearance rate of colonies. The colonies of group 1 and group 3, which had the more density of bees in per unit area, had the higher clearance rate than the other groups.

Effects of ameliorating exposed subsoil prior to sowing on the water relations and productivity of pasture during an irrigation cycle

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Blaikie ◽  
KB Kelly ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Improved Performance

Adding organic matter or replacing topsoil have been shown to improve the growth of pasture on areas where subsoil is exposed during landforming. Intensive experiments were carried out in each of the 1985-86 and 1986-87 irrigation seasons to examine the basis of improvements in the productivity of pastures after such amelioration. Measurements were collected during the period between two irrigations which were separated by approximately 70 mm of cumulative Class A pan evaporation. Treatments included (i) high rates of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP); (ii) NP + organic matter (OM); (iii) NP + topsoil (TS); and (iv) NP +Well watered (WW).Compared to NP, pasture production in OM and TS treatments was improved in the first year, but in the second year only the TS treatment gave significant improvement. These increases in dry matter yields were reflected in rates of leaf elongation, canopy conductance, evapotranspiration and photosynthesis that were up to 50% greater than those in WW during the first half of an irrigation cycle, but there were no differences in leaf water potential. There was a strong relationship between canopy conductance and photosynthesis, and it appears that the plants in the TS and OM treatments were responding to an improved root perception of soil water availability. It is hypothesised that this allowed them to maintain canopy conductance and therefore photosynthesis at higher levels than in NP and WW. The improved performance of the TS and OM treatments represents an increase in the productive potential of exposed subsoil areas that cannot be achieved by improving fertilizer and irrigation management alone.

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR-APPLIED N-P-K FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRITION OF JUNE-BEARING STRAWBERRIES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ROSEN ◽  
E. E. HOOVER ◽  
J. J. LUBY
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of supplemental N-P-K foliar fertilizers (9-8-7 or 16-2-3) applied during flowering, fruit enlargement and/or flower initiation on yield, quality, and nutrition of Earliglow strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). All plots received soil applied fertilizer at planting and at renovation according to soil test recommendations. Foliar fertilizers did not significantly increase total yield at any of the rates or times of application employed. Average yields the first year were 1.5 times greater than those the second year, regardless of whether foliar fertilizers were applied. Treatments did not significantly affect mean berry weight or percent soluble solids. Concentrations of N and P in recently matured leaves sampled during harvest were not significantly affected by foliar treatments, but K level was increased in the second year of the study by some foliar treatments.Key words: Fragaria spp., foliar nutrient sprays, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, strawberry

Beef production from three tropical grasses in south-eastern Queensland

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman ◽  
NR Halim ◽  
BW Norton ◽  
JW Hales
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Signal Grass

A grazing trial with beef cattle was conducted on three grasses, Paspalum plicatulum cv. Rodd's Bay, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (signal grass) and Panicum maximum cv. Hamil, in the first year. P. maximum was replaced by Digitaria decumbens (pangola grass) in the second and third years. There were three stocking rates (3.0, 3.75, and 5.0 steers/ha), plots were fertilized with 300 kg N/ha, in two replicates. Animal liveweight gain was low; maximum values were 650 kg/ha for pangola grass, 640 kg/ha for signal grass and 400 kg/ha for P. plicatulum. Liveweight gain was only poorly correlated with rainfall, because low winter temperatures retarded pasture growth. Correlations between liveweight gain and individual green leaf percentage in each species were high, particularly for P. plicatulum, which had only 2% green leaf in winter. Weight loss on plicatulum was therefore high in winter, and overall performance poor, even though this species had the highest percentage of green leaf in summer. Signal grass showed a higher tolerance to grazing at 5.0 steers/ ha than the other grasses. Over most of the year, except in winter when only small amounts of green leaves were available, plicatulum had the lowest phosphorus percentage, sometimes below the 0.12% suggested as the critical dietary phosphorus percentage for cattle. Over all grasses, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were linearly related (r = 0.98). From this experiment, P. plicatulum was shown to be a poor grass for beef production and, for this grass and the other two species at this site, beef production using 300 N kg/ha could not be financially viable.

scholarly journals Flipped Classroom and Aronson´s Puzzle: a Combined Evaluation in the Master´s Degree in Preuniversitary Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e23617
Author(s):  
Carlos Lázaro-Carrascosa ◽  
Isidoro Hernán-Losada ◽  
Daniel Palacios-Alonso ◽  
Ángel Velázquez-Iturbide
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Group Practice ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second Year

This article presents a double evaluation carried out in the subject Complements for disciplinary training II: Computing, corresponding to the Master's degree teacher training in secondary education, baccalaureate, vocational training and languages taught by the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. The students of the subject had to learn how to prepare simple web pages, using HTML, CSS and JavaScript programming languages. To this end, the flipped classroom technique was used to present the necessary contents, combined with the adaptation of Aronson's cooperative learning puzzle technique, used to carry out a group practice that reflected the knowledge acquired. It is worth mentioning, as a complement to the two techniques used, the use of an adapted assessment rubric, which was provided to the students at the beginning of the teaching block. The evaluation was carried out during two consecutive academic years, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. There were important differences between the two studies: in the first study, the students' previous self-assigned level was much higher (2.8 points as opposed to 1.4 points on a scale of 1 to 5). The other difference, even more relevant, was that in the second year all teaching was done at home, in a non-attendance format, on a mandatory basis, due to the period of confinement decreed by the state of alarm at that moment, because of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as coronavirus. At the end of the experience, the students expressed their satisfaction with the learning acquired and with the tasks performed, in both cases. The techniques used were well-appreciated, in the first year more than in the second, and especially flipped classroom. The scores obtained were, in addition, always very relevant.

scholarly journals HARVEST AGE EFFECT ON YIELD OF ERECT BLACKBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1170b-1170
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
James N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Effect On Yield

Yield and average berry weight were measured for first year fruiting (on semi-erect canes) and second year fruiting (erect canes) to compare harvest age effect for erect blackberries established from root cuttings. cultivars were `Cheyenne', `Choctaw', `Navaho' and `Shawnee' and 4 plantings were included in the comparison. One of the four plantings had an average yield of 27% more in the first year as compared to the second year. The other plantings had higher yields in the second year as compared to the first ranging up to a 100% increase. Yield was 23% higher for the second year when all plantings were averaged. Average yield increase by cultivar in the second year compared to the first was: 'Choctaw' 37%, 'Cheyenne' 27%, 'Navaho' 22% and 'Shawnee' 20%. Berry weight was not affected by harvest age except in one planting, where average weight was higher for first year fruiting.

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