RATE OF RELEASE OF NON-EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM BY ONTARIO SOILS IN RELATION TO NATURAL SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. McEwen ◽  
B. C. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Power Measurements

The rate of release of non-exchangeable potassium, i.e. potassium-supplying power, of 41 Ontario soils was measured by a continuous percolation procedure. It was found that clay content of the soil was the predominant factor affecting potassium-supplying power (r = 0.978). Potassium fertilization or intensive cropping of the soil caused no change in the potassium-supplying power of the soil. As potassium-supplying power was found to be a constant characteristic of soil and not a function of previous management, potassium-supplying power measurements should not be necessary in routine soil testing. Knowledge of potassium-supplying power can be deduced from particle size distribution. Because soils of different texture have different potassium-supplying power, the interpretation of measured exchangeable potassium in terms of fertilizer requirement will be different for soils of different textural class.

scholarly journals The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Eduard Pokorný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

Carbon stocks in Tasmanian soils

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
If Current ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
The Difference

Soil carbon (C) stocks were calculated for Tasmanian soil orders to 0.3 and 1.0 m depth from existing datasets. Tasmanian soils have C stocks of 49–117 Mg C/ha in the upper 0.3 m, with Ferrosols having the largest soil C stocks. Mean soil C stocks in agricultural soils were significantly lower under intensive cropping than under irrigated pasture. The range in soil C within soil orders indicates that it is critical to determine initial soil C stocks at individual sites and farms for C accounting and trading purposes, because the initial soil C content will determine if current or changed management practices are likely to result in soil C sequestration or emission. The distribution of C within the profile was significantly different between agricultural and forested land, with agricultural soils having two-thirds of their soil C in the upper 0.3 m, compared with half for forested soils. The difference in this proportion between agricultural and forested land was largest in Dermosols (0.72 v. 0.47). The total amount of soil C in a soil to 1.0 m depth may not change with a change in land use, but the distribution can and any change in soil C deeper in the profile might affect how soil C can be managed for sequestration. Tasmanian soil C stocks are significantly greater than those in mainland states of Australia, reflecting the lower mean annual temperature and higher precipitation in Tasmania, which result in less oxidation of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE DECLINE WITH THE USE OF DRAINS AND RIDGES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
REMI NATALIN DAMBROS ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO DALBÓ ◽  
CRISTIANO JOÃO ARIOLI ◽  
MILTON DA VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT The incidence of grapevine decline and dye back is quite severe in grapevine-growing regions of southern Brazil, especially in the Midwest of Santa Catarina State. Field studies on problematic areas identified the presence of the Brazilian ground pearl or margarodes (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Hempel) and soil fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium and others) associated with the disease. Soil characteristics such as high clay content and poor aeration were associated with the problem. To evaluate the effect of pre-planting tillage in reducing the incidence of grapevine decline, an experiment was carried out with two rootstocks and three pre-planting tillage (regular plowing, drains, and ridges) in an area where high plant mortality had been previously observed. Pre-planting tillage with the use of ridges along the rows gave the best results with a drastic reduction in the decline incidence. The number of ground pearl cysts was unaffected by pre-planting tillage and did not relate with the incidence of decline and death of plants.

scholarly journals P-sorption and desorption in Savanna Brazilian soils as a support for phosphorus fertilizer management

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Araújo Pinto ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Sand Base ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Phosphorus (P) sorption by soils is a phenomenon that varies depending on soil characteristics, influencing its intensity and magnitude, which makes it a source or drain of P. The objective of this study was to determine the Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity (MPAC) and desorption of P from soils under native Savanna Brazilian and verify the correlation between MPAC and P Capacity Factor (PCF) with the chemical and physical properties of these soils. The study was conducted in seven soils under native Savannas. The Langmuir isotherms were adjusted from the values obtained in sorption assays, being evaluated the MPAC, the energy adsorption (EA) and PCF, which was calculated according to the levels of P-adsorbed and P-sorbed. Values of MPAC were classified as high in most soils, ranging from 283 up to 2635 mg kg-1 of P in the soil and were correlated with soil organic matter, clay, silt, sand, base saturation and pH. The PCF was higher in soils where the MPAC was also higher. The use of only one attribute of soil (clay content) as a criterion for the recommendation of phosphated fertilization, as routinely done, is susceptible to errors, needing the use of more attributes for a more accurate recommendation, as a function of the complexity of the interactions involved in the process.

Influence of three different land management practices on soil mite (Arachnida: Acari) densities in relation to a natural soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Camilo Bedano ◽  
Mario Pablo Cantú ◽  
Marcelo Edmundo Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Mite

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Temperature, Water Content, Species, and Fertilization on Soil Respiration in Bamboo Forest in Subtropical China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houxi Zhang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Qian ◽  
Shunyao Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Change Pattern

Understanding the change pattern of soil respiration (SR) and its drivers under different bamboo species and land management practices is critical for predicting soil CO2 emission and evaluating the carbon budget of bamboo forest ecosystems. A 24-month field study was performed in subtropical China to monitor SR in experimental plots of local bamboo (Phyllostachys glauca) without fertilization (PG) and commercial bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) with and without fertilization (PPF and PP, respectively). The SR rate and soil properties were measured on a monthly timescale. Results showed that the SR rate ranged from 0.38 to 8.53 µmol CO2 m−2s−1, peaking in June. The PPF treatment had higher SR rates than the PP and PG treatments for most months; however, there were no significant differences among the treatments. The soil temperature (ST) in the surface layer (0–10 cm) was found to be the predominant factor controlling the temporal change pattern of the monthly SR rate in the PG and PP treatments (i.e., those without fertilization). A bivariate model is used to show that a natural factor—comprised of ST and soil water content (SWC)—explained 44.2% of the variation in the monthly SR rate, whereas biological (i.e., bamboo type) and management (i.e., fertilization) factors had a much smaller impact (less than 0.1% of the variation). The annual mean SR showed a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter (SOM; r = 0.51, P < 0.05), total nitrogen (TN; r = 0.47, P < 0.05), total phosphorus (TP; r = 0.60, P < 0.01), clay content (0.72, P < 0.05) and below-ground biomass (r = 0.60*), which altogether explain 69.0% of the variation in the annual SR. Our results indicate that the fertilization effect was not significant in SR rate for most months among the treatments, but was significant in the annual rate. These results may help to improve policy decisions concerning carbon sequestration and the management of bamboo forests in China.

Topographic and edaphic effects on the distribution of terrestrially reproducing anurans in Central Amazonia: mesoscale spatial patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Menin ◽  
Albertina P. Lima ◽  
William E. Magnusson ◽  
Fabiano Waldez
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Edaphic Variables

Many studies suggest that edaphic variables are major determinants of frog distributions. However, leaf-litter depth and soil characteristics are influenced by distance from streams, so the apparent relationship between edaphic characteristics and species distributions could be an artefact of the dependence of species on free water for reproduction. Therefore, we investigated the effect of edaphic variables on the mesoscale distribution of frog species not dependent on free water for reproduction. We evaluated the effects of soil texture, pH, slope, number of trees and leaf-litter volume on the distribution of nine terrestrially reproducing anuran species in the Reserva Ducke, a 100-km2 terra firme forest preserve in central Amazonia. Diurnal and nocturnal assemblages of anuran species were sampled in 72 plots systematically distributed across the reserve. We sampled the diurnal anuran assemblage by visual encounter in 250 × 1-m plots and the nocturnal assemblage in 250 × 20-m plots using both auditory and visual surveys. The majority of terrestrially breeding anuran species were influenced by topographic and/or edaphic variables, such as slope, soil clay content and pH. However, responses to environmental predictors differed among species. Most species occurred throughout all environmental gradients and relationships with soil characteristics were subtle, indicating that these species occur in the majority of habitats in Reserva Ducke. The results of this study indicate that terrestrially breeding frogs are habitat generalists that show little mesoscale beta diversity associated with habitat variation.

Effects of restorative agroecosystems on soil characteristics and plant production on a degraded soil in the Georgia Piedmont, USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Jacobsen ◽  
C.F. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

AbstractThis work presents the results of a three-year field study of agroecosystems designed to restore soil organic matter (SOM) to degraded soils of the Georgia Piedmont. The systems combine a suite of management practices previously demonstrated to increase SOM when studied individually, and examine the effects of these techniques when used in combination in a cropping systems context on soil characteristics, crop production and weed biomass. The systems' components include organic management, alley cropping with perennial legumes, conservation tillage, use of winter cover crops, straw mulch and two compost application rates. Vegetable crops grown were a rotation of okra, hot pepper and a corn and winter squash intercrop. The systems were not able to maintain soil C or N without the addition of compost. Systems incorporating alley cropping, organic management, conservation tillage and compost maintained soil C, and increased in soil C when mulch was not applied. In organic, conservation tillage without alley cropping, soil C did not change significantly, even with annual 44.8 Mg ha−1 of compost additions. Patterns for soil N followed those of soil C. The study demonstrated that alley cropping can maintain and sequester soil C and N beyond organic conservation tillage alone, and more than conventionally tilled, chemically fertilized treatments. Crop yields did not vary by treatment due to high variation within treatments. Winter cover crop residue provided an effective weed barrier for 4 to 6 weeks in the spring, but additional hand weeding was required throughout the summer. The results of this systems-level study demonstrated interactions between management practices when used in combination that would not have been observed when studied individually. It also demonstrates that agroforestry techniques, conservation tillage and compost applications can increase soil C in degraded, clayey soils while they are in cultivation.

EXCHANGEABLE AND WATER-SOLUBLE POTASSIUM IN SOILS AND DEGREE OF SATURATION IN RELATION TO TOMATO YIELDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead ◽  
H. B. Heeney
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Prince Edward County

In 33 field trials on soils varying in texture from sandy loam to clay loam in Prince Edward County, Ontario, exchangeable potassium, per cent potassium saturation, and water-soluble potassium were significantly correlated with yield response of tomatoes to potassium fertilizer on the sandy loam soils, but there was no correlation within the loam and clay loam groups. The mean c1 value in the modified Mitscherlich equation relating exchangeable potassium to yield response within the sandy loam group was 0.00555 and the coefficient of variation was 19.8 per cent. The corresponding coefficients for c1 values based on per cent potassium saturation and water-soluble potassium were of greater magnitude. The amounts of potassium soluble in boiling 1 N HNO3 were not related to yield response.Exchangeable potassium and the non-exchangeable form soluble in boiling 1 N HNO3 increased, whereas water-soluble potassium decreased with increasing clay content of the samples. Water-soluble potassium was significantly correlated with per cent potassium saturation within the sandy loam and loam groups.

Climatic effects on Salmonella survival in plant and soil irrigated with artificially inoculated wastewater: preliminary results

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Palacios ◽  
P. Lupiola ◽  
M. T. Tejedor ◽  
E. Del-Nero ◽  
A. Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Field

The use of wastewater to replace other water resources for irrigation is highly dependent on whether the health risk and environmental impacts entailed are acceptable or not. Total count and species of microorganisms found in wastewater vary widely because of climatic conditions, season, population sanitary habits and disease incidence. Salmonella, one of the genera associated with waterborne diseases, lives in the intestine. Thus, it is widely accepted that they have a limited survival period under environmental conditions. Wastewater management practices and the ability of Salmonella to survival under field conditions would determine the health risk associated with its presence in wastewater. Although chlorination is widely used, there are situations in which Salmonella is able to survive the sudden stress imposed by this technique. The aim of this experiment was to contribute to the study of the climatic and soil effects on pathogen survival under agricultural field conditions in order to assess which were the best wastewater management practices from both health and economic points of view. Five pots filled with soil seeded with Medicago sativa and an automatic weather station were used. A secondary effluent was artificially inoculated with Salmonella. In addition, open plates (filled with sterilised soil) and ultraviolet radiation isolated plates (filled with non-sterilised soil) were used. As soil heat emission contributes to the environmental conditions around the bacteria, standardised meteorological temperature data had to be carefully used in the bacterial survival studies under agricultural conditions. Radiation was the main cause of Salmonella mortality as its effect was more important than natural soil bacteria competence. Higher reduction of Salmonella counts could have been associated with longer spring days. Soil was able to effectively remove Salmonella. Subsurface drip irrigation methods could provide an effective tool to prevent health risk associated with wastewater irrigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document