Accumulation and redistribution of residual chloride, nitrate, and soil test phosphorus in soil profiles amended with fresh and composted cattle manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
B. J. Zebarth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F. and Zebarth, B. J. 2011. Accumulation and redistribution of residual chloride, nitrate, and soil test phosphorus in soil profiles amended with fresh and composted cattle manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 969–984. Limited research has compared the effect of fresh versus composted beef (Bos taurus) cattle feedlot manure containing straw or wood chips on accumulation and redistribution of residual chloride (Cl), NO3-N, and soil test P (STP) in soil profiles of the Great Plains region of North America. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown (1999–2007) on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta where organic amendments and fertilizer were annually applied for 9 yr from 1998 to 2006. The field experiment was a factorial arrangement of two manure types (fresh versus composted feedlot manure), two bedding materials (straw versus wood-chips), and three application rates (13, 39, 77 Mg ha−1dry wt). There was also one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment and an unamended control. The soil profile (0–1.5 m) was sampled in the fall of 1999 to 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2007 and analyzed for residual soil NO3-N, Cl, and STP. Manure type had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on the accumulation of these chemicals, but there was an interaction with application rate (NO3-N), or with bedding and year (STP). The maximum accumulation of Cl after 9 yr was at the 0.6 to 0.9 m depth, but mean values at this depth were similar for the four organic amendments. The maximum accumulation of NO3-N after 9 yr (2007) was at the 0.3 to 0.6 m depth, and mean values at this depth were significantly greater by four- to sixfold for FM and CM with straw than wood-chips, which suggested greater N immobilization in soils with wood. Redistribution of Cl and NO3-N downward into the soil profile suggested a potential for leaching of these chemicals below the root zone. In contrast, soil test P did not accumulate below the 0.3 m depth, suggesting little potential for leaching. However, accumulation of soil test P at this depth was generally greater for the amendment treatments compared with inorganic fertilizer and was likely related to greater P applied in the amendments.

Available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil amended with fresh or composted cattle manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Miller ◽  
B W Beasley ◽  
C F Drury ◽  
B J Zebarth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Fresh Manure ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Test P

Limited research exists on the effect of fresh versus composted beef cattle manure containing straw or wood chips on available N and P in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown (1999-2007) on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta where organic amendments and fertilizer were applied annually for 9 yr from 1998 to 2006. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry wt. ha-1) of fresh manure (FM, stockpiled for up to 2 m) or composted manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment, and a unamended control. The soil was sampled in the fall of 1999 to 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2007 and was analyzed for soil inorganic N (SIN), NO3-N, NH4-N, and soil test P (STP). Soil mineralizable N was also determined on surface soil samples collected from 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2007. Manure type had a significant effect on SIN, NO3-N, STP, and soil mineralizable N, but the effects varied with year or bedding and rate (SIN), rate or year (NO3-N), rate and year (soil mineralizable N), or bedding and year (STP). Analysis of covariance for total N or P applied versus SIN or STP after nine applications (2007) indicated greater N release for FM and CM bedded with straw than with wood, whereas P release was similar for FM and CM with straw or wood. Soil NO3-N for the organic amendments exceeded the maximum agronomic limit of 21 mg NO3-N kg-1 for Alberta after 6, 4, and 3 yr of application at the three increasing application rates. The STP for the organic amendments exceeded the maximum agronomic limit of 60 mg kg-1 for Alberta after 4, 2, and 2 yr of application at the three increasing rates. Overall, manure type and bedding material influenced the potential for nutrient losses to the environment through accumulation of soil inorganic N and soil test P; however, their effects on nutrient accumulation varied with year and application rate. Key words: Soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, fresh manure, composted manure, mineralizable N

scholarly journals Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. UUSITALO ◽  
E. TURTOLA ◽  
J. GRÖNROOS
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Responses

Soil test phosphorus (P) concentration has a major influence on the dissolved P concentration in runoff from agricultural soils. Thus, trends in soil test P partly determine the development of pollution potential of agricultural activities. We reviewed the changes of soil test P and P balances in Finnish agriculture, and assessed the current setting of P loss potential after two Agri-Environmental Programs. Phosphorus balance of the Finnish agriculture has decreased from +35 kg ha–1 of the 1980’s to about +8 kg P ha–1 today. As a consequence, the 50-yr upward trend in soil test P concentrations has probably levelled out in the late 1990’s, as suggested by sampling of about 1600 fields and by a modelling exercise. For the majority of our agricultural soils, soil test P concentrations are currently at a level at which annual P fertilization is unlikely to give measurable yield responses. Soils that benefit from annual P applications are more often found in farms specialized in cereal production, whereas farms specialized in non-cereal plant production and animal production have higher soil test P concentrations. An imbalance in P cycling between plant (feed) and animal production is obvious, and regional imbalances are a result of concentration of animal farms in some parts of the country. A major concern in future will be the fate of manure P in those regions where animal production intensity is further increasing.;

Storage of air-dry soil samples at 0 degrees C or at room temperature before analysis does not affect bicarbonate soil-test phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus

Five levels of phosphorus (P), as powdered single superphosphate, were incubated in moist soil (field capacity) for 42 days at 50�C in six different soils collected from south-western Australia. The soils were then air-dried for 7 days. Some subsamples of air-dry soil were stored for 180 days at 0�C in a cold room. Other subsamples were stored at fluctuating room temperature (18–25�C) in a laboratory and were sampled at 30, 60, 120, 150 and 180 days after storage to measure bicarbonate-extractable P (soil-test P) by the Olsen and Colwell procedures. No changes in soil-test P were detected while air-dry soil samples were stored at 0�C or room temperature.

Using Organic Amendments to Restore Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of a Mine Site in Northeastern Oregon, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Monica R. Ott ◽  
Daniel G. Strawn ◽  
Joanne M. Tirocke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
National Forests

Abstract. New cost-effective strategies are needed to reclaim soils disturbed from mining activity on National Forests. In addition, disposal of waste wood from local timber harvest operations or biosolids from waste water treatment plants can be expensive. Therefore, using organic byproducts for soil reclamation activities on National Forests may provide an opportunity to increase soil cover and productivity, and decrease restoration costs. To test the effectiveness of these amendments for reclamation, a field study was established using organic amendments applied to gold dredgings capped with 10 cm of loam and with little regenerating vegetation within the Umatilla National Forest in northeastern Oregon. Study plots had biochar (11 Mg/ha), biosolids (17 Mg/ha), or wood chips (22 Mg/ha) applied singly or in combination. Each plot was divided in half. One half of the plot was seeded with native grasses and forb and the other half was planted with a combination of California brome ( Hook & Am.) and Jepson’s blue wildrye ( Buckl.). After two growing seasons, there were no significant differences in plant cover between the planted or seeded plots. Biosolids, biosolid + biochar + wood chips, and biosolid + wood chips had greater grass and forb planted cover after two years; seeded plots on the biosolid + biochar + wood chips and biosolid + wood chip treatments had the greatest grass and forb cover. Soil properties were significantly altered by individual treatments; combination treatments improved nutrient availability and soil moisture, resulting in up to twice as much plant cover than in the control plots. Forest managers can produce biochar and wood chips from the abundant forest waste generated during harvest operations, and class “A” biosolids are available in Oregon from local municipalities. Using these three amendments in combination to restore disturbed mine soils can provide an affordable and effective strategy. Keywords: Biochar, Biosolids, Bromus carinatus, Elymus glaucus, Wood chips.

scholarly journals Soil Test Phosphorus Recovery from Livestock Manures Compared with Inorganic Fertilizer in Soil Incubations

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Craig Miller ◽  
T. Astatkie ◽  
Ali Madani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Equivalence

This paper compared dairy and hen manure P recovery relative to fertilizer P recovery for two Nova Scotia soils with different antecedent soil test P (STP), incubated for 5, 15, 30, 60, and 110 days. Fertilizer equivalence of manure P was expressed as P recovery ratio in percentage points (%PRR). Repeated measures analysis with soil pH covariate revealed: (1) manure %PRR averaged 72% (low-STP soil) and 80% (medium-STP soil), (2) there were no significant differences in %PRR between dairy and hen manure, and (3) manure %PRR decreased with incubation time for the low-STP soil but not for the medium-STP soil. The soil pH covariate was significant for both low- and medium-STP soils, and the relationship with %PRR was positive for low- but not for the medium-STP soil.

Phosphorus accumulation and leaching in two irrigated soils with incremental rates of cattle manure

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Olson ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
R H McKenzie ◽  
D R Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
P Leaching

The risk of P leaching increases on land that receives manure at rates sufficient to meet crop N requirements, but calcareous subsoils may minimize P loss due to P adsorption. An 8-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different rates of manure on the accumulation and leaching of soil P in a coarse-textured (CT) soil and a medium-textured (MT) soil under typical irrigation management in southern Alberta. Treatments included a non-manured control and four rates of cattle (Bos taurus) manure (20, 40, 60, and 120 Mg ha-1 yr-1, wet-weight basis). In manured treatments, P addition ranged from about 80 to 450 kg P ha-1 yr-1, while P removal by annual cereal silage crops ranged from 15 to 22 kg P ha-1 yr-1. High soil test P (STP) concentrations occurred to a depth of 0.6 m at the CT site and 0.3 m at the MT site. Increase in STP concentration to 0.6 m was equivalent to 43% of net P input, and increase in total soil P was equivalent to 78% of net P input. Non-recovery of net P input suggests that P loss by leaching occurred at these sites and that leaching was more prevalent at the CT site. These calcareous soils have considerable potential to hold surplus P, but may still allow P leaching.Key words: Manure, phosphorus dynamics, soil test phosphorus, phosphorus leaching, soil texture

Short-term stability of soil test phosphorus in agricultural fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Lamb ◽  
G W Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
P Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Bray 1

The spatial and temporal stability of soil test values is important to the use of soil testing for site-specific soil fertility management. A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of soil test phosphorus (P). Five sites ranging in size from 3.7 to 4.4 ha were soil sampled in the same locations in a 18.3 × 18.3-m grid either three or four times over a 2-yr period. Bray 1-P values were similar or decreased over time, while Olsen-P values at two of five sites decreased. One site showed no pattern and two sites had cyclic patterns where the spring sample values were greater than the fall. The spatial pattern of soil test values during a 2 yr rotation for Bray 1-P and Olsen-P was very stable. The changes in distribution in soil test P categories over a 2-yr period resulted in a shift to lower soil test categories. The decreases in soil test P were probably caused by plant P uptake in combination with no application of P fertilizer during the study. Key words: Soil test phosphorus, spatial stability, pH, temporal stability

EFFET DE LA FERTILISATION PHOSPHATEE SUR LA POMME DE TERRE EN RELATION AVEC L’ANALYSE DU SOL ET LA SOURCE DE PHOSPHORE UTILISEE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GIROUX ◽  
A. DUBE ◽  
G. M. BARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Band Area ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus

The effect of phosphorus fertilization on potato yields (Solanum tuberosum L.) was studied on 24 experimental sites varying from 44 to 1000 kg/ha of soil test P. The respective relative yields (yield with P fertilizer/maximum yield with P fertilizer x 100) varied from 20.3 to 100%. The Mitscherlich equation was used to relate relative yields to soil test P. According to their soil test value, the soils were partitioned in three classes by the Cate-Nelson method to establish poor (300 kg/ha of available P or less), medium (301–400 kg/ha P) and rich 401 kg/ha P or more) soil fertility classes. It was found that 94 kg/ha fertilizer P was necessary for maximum yields with an increase of 10% or greater on poor soils. On medium and rich soils, the requirement was 50 kg P/ha for a yield increase of 1–10%. Below a 1% increase, the P application should be lowered. At high rates diammonium phosphate (DAP) has been found to give tuber yield equal to those of superphosphates. On the other hand, at low rates, DAP application was more effective. DAP induced a higher mid-season P concentration in the petiole tissue Acidification by superphosphates increased aluminum, iron and manganese availability in the soil and reduced P solubility in the band area, in contrast to DAP. Key words: Potato, soil test phosphorus, source of phosphorus fertilizer, phosphorus fertilization, superphosphate, ammonium phosphate

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

scholarly journals Wood Chip Drying through the Using of a Mobile Rotary Dryer

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Del Giudice ◽  
Andrea Acampora ◽  
Enrico Santangelo ◽  
Luigi Pari ◽  
Simone Bergonzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Cocurrent Flow ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Rotary Dryer

Drying is a critical point for the exploitation of biomass for energy production. High moisture content negatively affects the efficiency of power generation in combustion and gasification systems. Different types of dryers are available however; it is known that rotary dryers have low cost of maintenance and consume 15% and 30% less in terms of specific energy. The study analyzed the drying process of woody residues using a new prototype of mobile rotary dryer cocurrent flow. Woodchip of poplar (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) pruning were dried in a rotary drier. The drying cycle lasted 8 h for poplar, 6 h for black locust, and 6 h for pruning of grapevine. The initial biomass had a moisture content of around 50% for the poplar and around 30% for grapevine and black locust. The study showed that some characteristics of the biomass (e.g., initial moisture content, particle size distribution, bulk density) influence the technical parameters (i.e., airflow temperature, rate, and speed) of the drying process and, hence, the energy demand. At the end of the drying process, 17% of water was removed for poplar wood chips and 31% for grapevine and black locust wood chips. To achieve this, result the three-biomass required 1.61 (poplar), 0.86 (grapevine), and 1.12 MJ kgdry solids−1 (black locust), with an efficiency of thermal drying (η) respectively of 37%, 12%, and 27%. In the future, the results obtained suggest an increase in the efficiency of the thermal insulation of the mobile dryer, and the application of the mobile dryer in a small farm, for the recovery of exhaust gases from thermal power plants.

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