Optimum liquid density in separation of the physically uncomplexed organic matter in Arctic soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Charles Paré ◽  
Angela Bedard-Haughn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Density Fractionation ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Heavy Fractions ◽  
The Right

Paré, M. C. and Bedard-Haughn, A. 2011. Optimum liquid density in separation of the physically uncomplexed organic matter in Arctic soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 65–68. Using an appropriate density to separate the soil light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF) is an important aspect of the density fractionation technique. The effect of liquid density when separating the physically uncomplexed Arctic soil organic matter (SOM) was tested on three Arctic sites: High-Arctic, Low-Arctic, and Sub-Arctic. Our results showed that selecting the right density to use for Arctic soils is not unequivocal. Nevertheless, based on these two criteria: (1) the difference between the C:N values of the LF and HF needs to be as large as possible, and (2) the C:N value of the whole soil needs to be different from the C:N values of the LF and HF, the optimum density for all of our Arctic sites was between 1.49 and 1.55 g mL−1. We concluded that 1.55g mL−1 was the conservative optimum liquid density to use to separate Arctic SOM light and heavy fractions.

Radiocarbon Age of Soils in Oases of East Antarctica

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Zazovskaya ◽  
N Mergelov ◽  
V Shishkov ◽  
A Dolgikh ◽  
V Miamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Organic Horizons

AbstractThis article discusses radiocarbon dating results for soils and soil-like systems in the East Antarctic oases, including Schirmacher, Thala Hills, and Larsemann Hills. The organic matter of endolithic and hypolithic systems, soils of wind shelters, and soils under moss-algae vegetation were dated along with micro- and macroprofiles. Organic matter pools formed under extreme climatic conditions and originated not from vascular plants but from cryptogamic organisms, and photoautotrophic microbes have been identified within the oases of the East Antarctica. The organic matter of the most of East Antarctic soils is young and cannot reach a steady state because of the high dynamism in the soil cover due to active erosion. The oldest soil organic matter in East Antarctica was found in the soils formed in wind shelters and endolithic soil-like systems under the protection of consolidated rock surfaces. According to our data, the maximal duration for the formation of organic matter profiles within the oases of East Antarctica is ~500 yr, which is similar to the age determined for High Arctic soils in Eurasia. The absence of older soils, comparable with the Holocene deglaciation, can be due to the extreme conditions resulting in occasional catastrophic events that destroyed the soil organic horizons.

Amorphous Si and Ca affect microbial community structure in arctic permafrost soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stimmler ◽  
Jörg Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Amorphous Si

<p>Arctic warming affects the permafrost soils in different ways. Increase soil temperature and thawing of deeper horizons modifies the release of greenhouse gases (GHG) by release of nutrients. A lot of research was done about nutrient cycling of C, N and P, but little is known about the influence of Ca and amorphous Si (ASi) on this elements. To show the potential of this two elements in the Arctic systems, we analysed the effect of ASi and Ca on microbial community structure with next generation sequencing and qPCR. We analyzed fungal and bacterial community structure in two different soils from Greenland after incubation with different levels of ASi and Ca. Microbial community reacted differently in the high Arctic (Peary Land) and low Arctic soil (Disko Island) to changing concentrations of ASi and Ca. We found a significant change with linear correlation from gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria classes with increasing Ca and/or ASi levels. Further, abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota changed. We postulate this changes as an important factor for changed GHG production as potential response to modified nutrient availability.</p>

scholarly journals Comparisons of dissolved organic matter and its optical characteristics in small low and high Arctic catchments

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4535-4553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Coch ◽  
Bennet Juhls ◽  
Scott F. Lamoureux ◽  
Melissa J. Lafrenière ◽  
Michael Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Arctic Rivers ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Small Catchments

Abstract. Climate change is affecting the rate of carbon cycling, particularly in the Arctic. Permafrost degradation through deeper thaw and physical disturbances results in the release of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere and to an increase in lateral dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluxes. Whereas riverine DOM fluxes of the large Arctic rivers are well assessed, knowledge is limited with regard to small catchments that cover more than 40 % of the Arctic drainage basin. Here, we use absorption measurements to characterize changes in DOM quantity and quality in a low Arctic (Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) and a high Arctic (Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada) setting with regard to geographical differences, impacts of permafrost degradation, and rainfall events. We find that DOM quantity and quality is controlled by differences in vegetation cover and soil organic carbon content (SOCC). The low Arctic site has higher SOCC and greater abundance of plant material resulting in higher chromophoric dissolved organic matter (cDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) than in the high Arctic. DOC concentration and cDOM in surface waters at both sites show strong linear relationships similar to the one for the great Arctic rivers. We used the optical characteristics of DOM such as cDOM absorption, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), ultraviolet (UV) spectral slopes (S275–295), and slope ratio (SR) for assessing quality changes downstream, at base flow and storm flow conditions, and in relation to permafrost disturbance. DOM in streams at both sites demonstrated optical signatures indicative of photodegradation downstream processes, even over short distances of 2000 m. Flow pathways and the connected hydrological residence time control DOM quality. Deeper flow pathways allow the export of permafrost-derived DOM (i.e. from deeper in the active layer), whereas shallow pathways with shorter residence times lead to the export of fresh surface- and near-surface-derived DOM. Compared to the large Arctic rivers, DOM quality exported from the small catchments studied here is much fresher and therefore prone to degradation. Assessing optical properties of DOM and linking them to catchment properties will be a useful tool for understanding changing DOM fluxes and quality at a pan-Arctic scale.

scholarly journals Characterizing organic matter composition in small Low and High Arctic catchments using terrestrial colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Coch ◽  
Bennet Juhls ◽  
Scott F. Lamoureux ◽  
Melissa Lafrenière ◽  
Michael Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Arctic Rivers ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Small Catchments

Abstract. Climate change is an important control of carbon cycling, particularly in the Arctic. Permafrost degradation through deeper thaw and physical disturbances result in the release of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere and to an increase in riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluxes. Whereas riverine DOM fluxes of the large Arctic rivers are well assessed, knowledge is limited with regard to small catchments that cover more than 40 % of the Arctic drainage basin. Here, we use absorption measurements to characterize changes in DOM quantity and quality in a Low Arctic (Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) and a High Arctic (Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada) setting with regard to geographical differences, impacts of permafrost degradation and rainfall events. We find that DOM quantity and quality is controlled by differences in vegetation cover and soil organic carbon content. The Low Arctic site has higher SOCC and greater abundance of plant material introducing higher lignin concentrations into the aquatic system and resulting in a stronger color of DOM than in the High Arctic. There is a strong relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and absorption characteristics (cDOM) for surface waters at both sites similar to the one for the great Arctic rivers. We used the optical characteristics of DOM such as cDOM absorption, Specific UltraViolet Absorbance SUVA, UltraViolet UV Slope, Slope Ratio for assessing quality changes downstream, at baseflow and stormflow conditions and in relation to permafrost disturbance. DOM in streams at both sites demonstrated optical signatures indicative of photodegradation downstream processes, even over short distances of 2000 m. It was determined that flow pathways and the connected hydrological residence time control DOM quality. Deeper flow pathways allow the export of permafrost-derived DOM, whereas shallow pathways with shorter residence times lead to the export of fresh near-surface derived DOM. Compared to the large Arctic rivers, DOM quality exported from the small catchments studied here is much fresher and therefore prone to degradation. This work shows that optical properties of DOM will be a useful tool for understanding DOM sources and quality at a pan-Arctic scale.

Legal Update: North Dakota Supreme Court: Third Edition of Guides is “Most Current”

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

Konsep Pemerintahan Religius dan Demokrasi Menurut Abdul Karim Soroush dan Ayatullah Khomeini

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-473
Author(s):  
M. Heri Fadoil
Keyword(s):  
Religious System ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Abdul Karim Soroush judges that religious rule is incorrect assessment of the application of Islamic jurisprudence. In a religious society, Islamic jurisprudence obtains the right to govern. It is, of course, necessary to establish a kind of Islamic jurisprudence-based religious rule. Soroush firmly rejects it because such interpretation is too narrow. As for democracy, Soroush argues that the system used is not necessarily equal to that of the Western. On the contrary, Ayatollah Khomeini’s thoughts on religious rule are reflected in the so called wilayat al-faqih. It is a religious scholar-based government. Democracy, according to him, is the values of Islam itself, which is able to represent the level of a system to bring to the country’s progress. Principally, there are some similarities between the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini and those of Abdul Karim Soroush in term of religiosity. They assume that it is able to sustain the religious system of government. The difference between both lies on the application of religiosity itself. Ayatollah Khomeini applies the concept of a religious scholar-based government, while Abdul Karim Soroush rejects the institutionalization of religion in the government or state.Keywords: Governance, democracy, Abdul Karim Soroush, Ayatollah Khomeini

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

scholarly journals Sacrificing Oneself or Another: The Difference Between Prescriptive and Normative Judgments in Moral Evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989606
Author(s):  
Štěpán Bahník ◽  
Emir Efendic ◽  
Marek A. Vranka
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Normative Judgment ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Judgment Type ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Normative Judgments

When asked whether to sacrifice oneself or another person to save others, one might think that people would consider sacrificing themselves rather than someone else as the right and appropriate course of action—thus showing an other-serving bias. So far however, most studies found instances of a self-serving bias—people say they would rather sacrifice others. In three experiments using trolley-like dilemmas, we tested whether an other-serving bias might appear as a function of judgment type. That is, participants were asked to make a prescriptive judgment (whether the described action should or should not be done) or a normative judgment (whether the action is right or wrong). We found that participants exhibited an other-serving bias only when asked whether self- or other-sacrifice is wrong. That is, when the judgment was normative and in a negative frame (in contrast to the positive frame asking whether the sacrifice is right). Otherwise, participants tended to exhibit a self-serving bias; that is, they approved sacrificing others more. The results underscore the importance of question wording and suggest that some effects on moral judgment might depend on the type of judgment.

scholarly journals Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rusek ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Marzena Adamczyk ◽  
Rafał Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pelvic Obliquity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document