Phosphorus and nitrogen loading depths in fluvial sediments following manure spill simulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalamar Armstrong ◽  
Douglas Smith ◽  
Phillip Owens ◽  
Brad Joern ◽  
April Leytem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Sediment Particle Size ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Ditches ◽  
N Loading ◽  
The Impact

Armstrong, S. D., Smith, D. R., Owens, P. R., Joern, B. C., Leytem, A. B., Huang, C.H. and Adeola, L. 2011. Phosphorus and nitrogen loading depth in fluvial sediments following manure spill simulations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 427–436. The depth of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading in fluvial sediments following a manure spill has not been documented. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the depth of N and P enrichment as a result of a manure spill under base flow conditions using fluvarium techniques and (ii) to evaluate the impact of sediment particle size distribution on N and P enrichment depth. Manure spills were simulated using stream simulators and ditch sediments collected from agricultural drainage ditches. During the manure spill simulation, the P sorption capacity of all sediments exponentially decreased with time and the NH4-N sorption capacity remained constant with time. The P and NH4-N loading in all sediments were observed to the depth of 2 cm, but were most concentrated in the 0- to 1-cm depth ranging in concentrations from 3 to 12 mg P kg−1 and from 7.2 to 45 mg NH4-N kg−1. Data from this study give a basis for the advancement of manure spill remediation that will reduce the impairment of surface waters via the release of nutrients from enriched sediments following a manure spill.

The impact of nitrogen deposition on upland surface waters in Great Britain: A regional assessment of nitrate leaching

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. H. Allott ◽  
C. J. Curtis ◽  
J. Hall ◽  
R. Harriman ◽  
R. W. Battarbee
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Regional Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Study on the mutual interactions between the parameters of a CANON system and its coping strategy when operating at room temperature (15 to 25 °C) using response surface methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Guangxu Qin ◽  
Jianbing Zhang ◽  
Yancheng Li ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
N Loading

The coping strategy of a CANON (completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite) reactor working at room temperature was investigated using response surface methodology. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was taken as a dependent variable. The temperature (X), dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (Y), and influent nitrogen loading rate (Z) were taken as independent variables. Results showed that the relation of these three independent variables can be described by the TN removal efficiency expressed as −5.03 + 1.51X + 45.16Y + 30.13Z + 0.26XY + 1.84XZ − 0.04X2 − 9.06Y2 − 99.00Z2. The analysis of variance proved that the equation is applicable. The response surface demonstrated that the temperature significantly interacts with the DO concentration and influent N loading rate. A coping strategy for the CANON reactor working at room temperature is thus proposed: altering the DO concentration and the N loading rate to counterbalance the impact of low temperature. The verification test proved the strategy is viable. The TN removal efficiency was 91.3% when the reactor was operated under a temperature of 35.0 °C, a DO of 3.0 mg/L, and a N loading rate of 0.70 kgN/(m³ d). When the temperature dropped from 35.0 to 19.2 °C, the TN removal efficiency was kept at 88.7% by regulating the influent N loading rate from 0.7 kgN/(m³ d) to 0.35 kgN/(m³ d) and the DO concentration from 3.0 to 2.6 mg/L.

scholarly journals Dominant Fish and Macroinvertebrate Response to Flow Changes of the Geum River in Korea

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeongsik Kang ◽  
Byungwoong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Morphology Change ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Habitat Simulation ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
The Impact

This study presents the impact of natural flow patterns on downstream aquatic species habitats in a reach of the Geum River, Korea. The study reach is a 13.4 km long, located downstream of the Yongdam Dam. To assess such an impact, this study performed physical habitat simulations. The River2D model was used for the computation of the flow field and morphology, and the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the habitat simulation. Three habitat variables—flow depth, velocity, and substrate were used. The Zacco platypus and Baetis fuscatus were selected as the target fish and benthic macro-invertebrate, respectively. Using the building block approach (BBA), the scenarios for modifying dam operations were constructed in the study reach. Scenario 1, scenario 2, and scenario 3 were proposed by using the magnitude–duration concept, base flow allocation concept, and seasonally adjusted minimum flow allocation concept, respectively. Simulation results indicated that the scenarios’ effects significantly increased by about 14.3% for the weighted usable area (WUA). In addition, the morphology change with the restoration of flood events was investigated. It was revealed that the morphology change in the physical habitat simulations further increased by about 13% for the WUA. The change of dam operations through natural flow patterns is more advantageous to aquatic species.

scholarly journals Estimation of Impact From Surface Runoff on Water Objects in Urban Landscape Conditions

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

The quality of surface water remains an important issue today. This is particularly acute for water bodies located in the urban-basin geosystems. Purpose. To estimate pressure of atmospheric precipitation within the urban landscape basin geosystem on the river water (by example of the Kharkiv river). Methods. Field landscaping, ecological, landscape-geochemical; analytical; system analysis; chemical analytical; statistical Results. An assessment of the state of surface waters under the impact from the surface runoff of atmospheric origin during 2014-2016, and partly from 2017-2019, formed under the influence of the transport (partly residential) subsystem of the urban area and surface waters in Kharkiv. On the salt content, the characteristic of water quality is "moderately polluted" (1,6); on the tropho-saprobiological indicators, the quality of water is characterized as "polluted" (from 3.1 to 2.75 along the river). It is in this context the impact of waters, which is formed in the conditions of the urban environment for the quality of natural waters, is well demonstrated. The presence of high values of pollutants and natural factors. The assessment of the quality of water on the content of specific indicators is "moderately polluted" (from 2.28 to 1.85). Conclusions. The water of the Kharkiv region, which has a strong influence from the urban environment, has a grade III quality; the water is "moderately polluted". Environmental assessment indicates the impact of surface runoff already on the middle part of the river, which increases in accordance with the conditions of the operation of urban landscapes and anthropogenic (transport) load.

scholarly journals Introduction to the project DUNE, a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient, low chlorophyll Ecosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 12491-12527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guieu ◽  
F. Dulac ◽  
C. Ridame ◽  
P. Pondaven
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Carbon Pump ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs ◽  
Oligotrophic Ecosystem ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The main goal of the project DUNE was to estimate the impact of atmospheric deposition on an oligotrophic ecosystem based on mesocosm experiments simulating strong atmospheric inputs of Aeolian dust. Atmospheric deposition is now recognized as a significant source of macro- and micro-nutrients for the surface ocean, but the quantification of its role on the biological carbon pump is still poorly determined. We proposed in DUNE to investigate the role of atmospheric inputs on the functioning of an oligotrophic system particularly well adapted to this kind of study: the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea – etymologically, sea surrounded by land – is submitted to atmospheric inputs that are very variable both in frequency and intensity. During the thermal stratification period, only atmospheric deposition is prone to fertilize Mediterranean surface waters which has become very oligotrophic due to the nutrient depletion (after the spring bloom). This paper describes the objectives of DUNE and the implementation plan of a series of mesocosms experiments during which either wet or dry and a succession of two wet deposition fluxes of 10 g m−2 of Saharan dust have been simulated. After the presentation of the main biogeochemical initial conditions of the site at the time of each experiment, a general overview of the papers published in this special issue is presented, including laboratory results on the solubility of trace elements in erodible soils in addition to results from the mesocosm experiments. Our mesocosm experiments aimed at being representative of real atmospheric deposition events onto the surface of oligotrophic marine waters and were an original attempt to consider the vertical dimension in the study of the fate of atmospheric deposition within surface waters. Results obtained can be more easily extrapolated to quantify budgets and parameterize processes such as particle migration through a "captured water column". The strong simulated dust deposition events were found to impact the dissolved concentrations of inorganic dissolved phosphorus, nitrogen, iron and other trace elements. In the case of Fe, adsorption on sinking particles yields a decrease in dissolved concentration unless binding ligands were produced following a former deposition input and associated fertilization. For the first time, a quantification of the C export induced by the aerosol addition was possible. Description and parameterization of biotic (heterotrophs and autotrophs, including diazotrophs) and abiotic processes (ballast effect due to lithogenic particles) after dust addition in sea surface water, result in a net particulate organic carbon export in part controlled by the "lithogenic carbon pump".

scholarly journals Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils in Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. LAX
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fontinalis Antipyretica ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Trace Element Chemistry ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Results from the biogeochemical mapping (roots of aquatic plants and Fontinalis antipyretica) conducted by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) reflects the metal load of surface waters draining acid sulphate (AS) soils in Sweden. In this study, results from the biogeochemical, soil geochemical and Quaternary mapping programmes at SGU were used to investigate the impact of fine-grained deposits hosting AS soils on stream water trace element chemistry in two separate areas. In the area around Lake Mälaren, postglacial sediments contain the highest levels of most trace elements studied. Owing to the low pH of AS soils and subsequent leaching, levels of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), sulphur (S), yttrium (Y), uranium (U), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) were significantly elevated in aquatic roots. Levels were lower in the Skellefteå area, which may be explained by lower concentrations in source deposits. Concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were normal or impoverished in biogeochemical samples from postglacial, finegrained sediment areas. Maps based on ratios (Ni:Pb or Y:Pb) in biogeochemical samples can, together with results from Quaternary mapping, be used to predict areas with AS soils in Sweden.;

scholarly journals Agricultural Producers’ Awareness about the Impact of Fertilizers Overuse on the Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Biljana Panin ◽  
Snežana Štrbac ◽  
Mira Pucarević ◽  
Nataša Stojić ◽  
Nataša Žugić Drakulić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Nitrates Directive

Overuse of fertilizers can have harmful effects on the environment. The Nitrates Directive aims to protect water quality by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices. The paper is based on research about agricultural producers’ awareness about the impact of fertilizers overuse on the environment. Data were collected by face to face interviews with farm owners on 39 farms in Serbia. Analysis of the collected data showed that all farmers use fertilizers. It is important to notice that 79.4% of farmers use chemical fertilizers more than recommended, and 87.1% use organic fertilizers more than recommended. Furthermore, 66.6% of farmers do not know specific harmful pollution effects of nitrates on soil and water. 71.7% of farmers have not heard about the Nitrates Directive. Therefore, it can be concluded that farmers are not sufficiently aware of fertilizers impact on the environment and it is necessary to provide education on this.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document