Influence of controlled-release urea on seed yield and N concentration, and N use efficiency of small grain crops grown on Dark Gray Luvisols

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Malhi ◽  
Y K Soon ◽  
C A Grant ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
N. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Controlled Release Urea

Field experiments were conducted on Dark Gray Luvisolic soils (Typic Cryoboralf) from 2004 to 2006 (wheat-canola-barley rotation) near Star City, Saskatchewan, and from 2004 to 2007 (barley-canola-wheat-barley rotation) near Beaverlodge, Alberta. The aim was to compare the effects of controlled-release urea (CRU) vs. conventional urea (hereafter called urea) on seed yield and N (i.e., protein) concentration, and N use efficiency (NUE). The treatments were combinations of tillage system [conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)], and N source (urea, CRU and a blended mixture), placement method (spring-banded, fall-banded and split application) and application rate (0-90 kg N ha-1). There was no tillage × fertilizer treatment interaction on the measured crop variables. Seed yield and crop N uptake and, to a lesser degree, seed N concentration generally increased with N application to 90 kg N ha-1. Fall-banded CRU or urea generally produced lower crop yield and N uptake than spring-banded CRU or urea. Split application of urea (half each at seeding and tillering) resulted in higher seed yield and N concentration in at least 3 of 7 site-years than did CRU and urea applied at a similar rate. A blend of urea and CRU was as effective as spring-banded CRU (at Star City only). Seed yield, N recovery and NUE were higher with spring-banded CRU than urea in 2 site-years, and similar to urea in other site-years. We conclude that for boreal soils of the Canadian prairies, spring-banded CRU is as effective as urea, and in some years more effective, in increasing crop yield and N recovery; however, urea split application can be even more effective in addition to having an advantage in managing risk.Key words: Controlled-release urea, Gray Luvisol, nitrogen source, nitrogen recovery, nitrogen use efficiency, tillage systems

scholarly journals Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Amritbir Riar ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Glenn K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management ◽  
The Impact

Canola has a high nitrogen requirement and optimal nitrogen (N) management in environments with variable rainfall is a challenge. This study investigated the impact of timing of N as a single or split application at different growth stages on seed yield, N uptake and water-use efficiency in canola. Nitrogen rates of 100 and 200 kg ha−1 were applied after sowing when two leaves were unfolded or equally split between the rosette, green bud and first flower stages. The experiments were conducted at two sites with contrasting rainfall and a supplementary irrigation treatment at the low rainfall site, generating a third environment. Nitrogen application increased seed yield by up to 20% at a high rainfall site and by up to 77% at a medium rainfall site, but the timing of N did not significantly affect the yield response to N. Seed yield was closely associated with total dry matter production and seed m−2. N-use efficiency was influenced more by N recovery and uptake efficiency, rather than physiological efficiency, which highlights the importance of soil moisture availability and the ability of the crop to exploit soil water and N reserves. The results suggest that better use of subsoil moisture by overcoming some of the subsoil constraints may be an avenue for further improvements in yield and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of canola in this environment.

scholarly journals Controlled Release Urea as a Nitrogen Source for Spring Wheat in Western Canada: Yield, Grain N Content, and N Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenz Haderlein ◽  
T.L. Jensen ◽  
R.E. Dowbenko ◽  
A.D. Blaylock
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Controlled Release Urea

Controlled release nitrogen (N) fertilizers have been commonly used in horticultural applications such as turf grasses and container-grown woody perennials. Agrium, a major N manufacturer in North and South America, is developing a low-cost controlled release urea (CRU) product for use in field crops such as grain corn, canola, wheat, and other small grain cereals. From 1998 to 2000, 11 field trials were conducted across western Canada to determine if seed-placed CRU could maintain crop yields and increase grain N and N use efficiency when compared to the practice of side-banding of urea N fertilizer. CRU was designed to release timely and adequate, but not excessive, amounts of N to the crop. Crop uptake of N from seed-placed CRU was sufficient to provide yields similar to those of side-banded urea N. Grain N concentrations of the CRU treatments were higher, on average, than those from side-banded urea, resulting in 4.2% higher N use efficiency across the entire N application range from 25 to 100 kg ha-1. Higher levels of removal of N in grain from CRU compared to side-banded urea can result in less residual N remaining in the soil, and limit the possibility of N losses due to denitrification and leaching.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
S. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

Nitrogen Utilization of Selected Cropping Systems in the U.S. Northeast: I. Dry Matter Yield, N Uptake, Apparent N Recovery, and N Use Efficiency

1995 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Guillard ◽  
Gary F. Griffin ◽  
Derek W. Allinson ◽  
M. Moosa Rafey ◽  
William R. Yamartino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Apparent N Recovery ◽  
N Use ◽  
The U.S

Film-mulched maize production: response to controlled-release urea fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. GUO ◽  
J. Q. XUE ◽  
A. D. BLAYLOCK ◽  
Z. L. CUI ◽  
X. P. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Controlled Release Urea

SUMMARYOptimal nitrogen (N) management for maize in the film-mulched production systems that are widely used in dryland agriculture is difficult because top-dressing N is impractical. The current research determined how matching N supply and demand was achieved before and after silking stages, when single applications of controlled release urea (CRU) were combined with conventional urea in film-mulched maize production. The CRU: urea mixture was applied in a 1 : 2 or 2 : 1 ratio and all three fertilizer regimes (urea alone and CRU: urea at 1 : 2 or 2 : 1) were applied at N rates of 180 and 240 kg/ha over 2 years. The 1 : 2 CRU: urea mixture, applied once at 180 kg N/ha, was found to synchronize N supply with demand, thereby reducing N losses. The highest grain yields (11·8–12·0 t/ha), N uptake (232–239 kg/ha), N recovery (65·8–67·7%) and high net economic return were achieved with this regime. These results indicate that a single application of a mixture of CRU and urea can synchronize N supply with demand and provide higher yields and profits than conventional N fertilization in film-mulched maize systems.

Selection for nitrogen use efficiency and N concentration in timothy

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michaud ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
A. Brégard ◽  
J. Surprenant
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
N Use

Improvement of N use efficiency of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) involves higher DM yield but, for feeding purposes, N concentration should also be considered. Differences in N use efficiency were found among 40 genotypes of timothy. The analysis of residues of the linear regression between N uptake and DM yield of all genotypes allowed for the selection of genotypes with both high N use efficiency and contrasted N concentrations. Key words: Phleum pratense L., timothy, genetic selection, nitrogen use efficiency

Meadow bromegrass response to coated and conventional urea fertilizers

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
K. Heier ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
M. Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
N Use

In central Alberta, surface-broadcast urea is usually less effective in increasing grass forage yield than ammonium nitrate (AN) due to volatilization loss. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 on meadow bromegrass (Bromus bibersteinii Roem and Shult 'Regar') at Eckville, Alberta to compare a number of synthetic con-trolled-release urea fertilizers with conventional urea and AN fertilizers for their effect on dry matter yield (DMY), protein yield (PY), N-use efficiency (NUE) and percent N recovery (NR). The N fertilizers were applied at 100 kg N ha−1 in early June of 1994 and mid-April of 1995. The meadow bromegrass was harvested three times during the May to September growing season. In both years there was a significant forage yield response to applied N. In 1994, the DMY, PY, NUE and NR were similar for urea and AN, and most of the treated urea products were inferior to urea alone. This was most likely due to delayed application of N fertilizer until just before the start of summer rains. In 1995, urea had lower DMY (by 874 kg ha−1), PY (by 177 kg ha−1), NUE (by 8.8 kg DM kg−1 N ha−1) and NR (by 27.3%) than AN. Some of the coated urea products (e.g., Sh. 19, Sh. G) gave significantly greater DMY, PY, NUE and NR than urea alone, though still less than AN. These results suggest that under conditions when surface-applied urea is inferior to AN, its effectiveness can be improved by using Sh. 19 and Sh. G controlled-release urea fertilizers on grassland. The controlled-release fertilizers may be more expensive and therefore, additional cost must be considered as compared with AN before using on a commercial basis. Key words: Ammonium nitrate, bromegrass, controlled-release N fertilizers, forage yield, N recovery, urea

Mineral and slurry nitrogen effects on yield, N uptake, and apparent N-use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SIELING ◽  
H. SCHRÖDER ◽  
H. HANUS
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

In NW Europe, autumn-grown oilseed rape normally receives nitrogen (N) in autumn as seedbed N and in the spring as a split application at the beginning of growth and at stem elongation. In the growing seasons 1990/91 to 1992/93, the effects of slurry and mineral N fertilization on yield, N uptake by the seed and apparent N-use efficiency (NUE) by oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were investigated in a factorial field experiment at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel, NW Germany. The crop rotation was oilseed rape–winter wheat–winter barley, and soil tillage (conservation tillage without ploughing, conventional tillage), application of pig slurry (none, autumn, spring, autumn+spring) and mineral N fertilization (0 to 200 kg N ha−1) were all varied. Each year, the treatments were applied to all three crops of the rotation and were located on the same plots.Between the years, average seed yield ranged from 3·04 to 3·78 t ha−1, while the corresponding N uptake by the seed varied from 107 to 131 kg N ha−1. Slurry application in spring increased the seed yield and N uptake by the seed in all years, whereas the effect of autumn slurry alone or in combination with spring slurry was negligible. Mineral N fertilizer increased seed yield and N uptake by the seeds except in 1991/92, when N amounts exceeded 160 kg N ha−1. No significant slurry×mineral N interaction occurred. Apparent NUE of mineral N was larger than that of slurry N, but decreased with increasing mineral fertilizer N rates. Only 5% of the autumn slurry N was apparently utilized by the seeds, compared with 24% of the spring slurry N.Despite its ability to take up substantial quantities of N before the winter, oilseed rape utilized very little autumn slurry N for seed production. To minimize environmental impacts, slurry should be applied in the spring, when plants are more able to use N for yield formation, even if NUE of slurry N is lower than that of mineral N. However, since NUE changes with the amount of applied N, it is difficult to find the best combination of slurry and mineral N fertilization to avoid negative environmental effects.

scholarly journals Effect of deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield and N use efficiency under water regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
M Sultana ◽  
H Afroz ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

The experiments were conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during boro season of 2013 to evaluate the effect of deep placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on rice yield and N use efficiency under two different water regimes [continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD)]. After deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes and each split application of PU, the water samples were collected for five consecutive days and analyzed for ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4-N) concentration. In both water regimes the floodwater NH4-N concentration gave highest value at the second day of PU application followed by gradual decrease with time and in continuous flooding condition the release of NH4-N was higher compared to AWD condition. Deep placement of N fertilizers also increased grain yield under AWD compared to CF condition and the maximum value was obtained in treatment T5 [USG 78 kg N ha-1 + PM 3 t ha-1] statistically similar to T3 [USG, 156 kg N ha-1]. Due to application USG and NPK briquettes, the N uptake and N use efficiency also gave higher values in AWD compared to CF condition. The results revealed that the deep placement of USG with poultry manure performed better in terms yield, N uptake and N use efficiency by BRRI dhan29 under AWD condition. So, the deep placement of USG under AWD condition could be recommended for higher production of boro rice.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 161-172 (2015)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document