Rootstock, severity of dormant pruning, and summer pruning influences on peach tree size, yield, and fruit quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Michel Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach trees in British Columbia are pruned heavily during the dormant season with some potentially detrimental effects. Summer pruning has been used to control fruit tree vigor and improve fruit quality. The objective of this study was to reduce tree size, increase yield, and improve fruit color by using a less severe dormant pruning system and summer pruning prior to harvest. Over 4 yr, mature, self-rooted (micropropagated) Fairhaven peach trees and Fairhaven on Siberian C rootstock were subjected to two different dormant pruning regimes, with or without summer pruning. Yield, tree growth, pruning weights (dormant and summer) and fruit quality (size and color) measurements were recorded annually. There were no differences in yields per tree for the two rootstocks or for the summer pruning treatments. The lighter ("long") dormant pruning increased yields but average fruit weight was higher in the heavier ("short") dormant pruning treatment. Summer pruning increased the amount of red color on the fruit but only slightly. Own-rooted trees were larger (tree height and ground area covered) than trees budded on Siberian C. Tree height was also increased by the lighter dormant pruning treatment. The partitioning index was higher for trees on Siberian C rootstock, "long" dormant pruned, or non- summer pruned trees. Key words:Prunus persica, fruit color, fruit size, partitioning index

scholarly journals Season and Cultivar Influence the Fruit Quality Response of Apple Cultivars to Particle Film Treatments

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Stephen Drake ◽  
Judith A. Abbott ◽  
Gary J. Puterka ◽  
Patricia Gundrum
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Cultivar Responses ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Quality Response

Experiments were performed over 3 years to examine the effect that particle film (PF) treatment had on fruit quality of several apple (Malus ×domestica) cultivars in Washington and West Virginia. In the first study, a highly reflective, white, hydrophilic particle-based kaolin mineral (Surround WP) was applied to `Empire' apple in May and June, on a season-long basis, or not at all. Red fruit color was increased by both the PF treatments compared with no treatment in all years. In a second study, the PF material was applied, starting at petal fall, every week for 6 weeks and then every 2 weeks until harvest to `Empire', `Gala', and `Fuji' trees in West Virginia and to `Cameo', `Fuji', and `Gala' trees in Washington. In the latter study, cultivar response to season-long applications varied by year and location. `Empire' consistently had improved red color with season-long applications of PF materials. `Gala' had greater fruit weight and red color with PF application in 1 of 2 years in West Virginia but not in Washington. `Fuji' had greater fruit weight and soluble solids content and `Cameo' had greater soluble solids, higher starch indices, and greater red color in Washington with the PF application. In these studies, application of a PF never reduced the surface red color in apples. A taste panel did not identify quality differences in `Empire' apples treated with PF vs. the control. Cultivar responses to PF applications were variable due to location and yearly environmental characteristics. While particle film technology has value for insect control and reducing sunburn, it has limited value to enhance fruit color due to the inconsistent response.

scholarly journals Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald Sowers ◽  
Michele Choma Marini
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

scholarly journals Canopy Spraying of Abscisic Acid to Improve Fruit Quality of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Alson Time ◽  
Claudio Ponce ◽  
Nathalie Kuhn ◽  
Macarena Arellano ◽  
Boris Sagredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Climacteric Fruit

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in promoting ripening in sweet cherry, a non-climacteric fruit. Exogenous application of ABA has been performed to study fruit ripening and cracking, but this growth regulator is not used for commercial production. To determine the potential of this growth regulator to improve sweet cherry fruit quality, ABA canopy spraying was assayed in four cultivars. Canopy spraying of S-ABA significantly: (1) enhanced sweet cherry fruit color in ‘Glenred’, ‘Lapins’ and ‘Bing’ cultivars, but not in ‘Royal Rainier’ (a bi-colored cultivar), and (2) decreased fruit size and firmness in ‘Lapins’, ‘Bing’ and ‘Royal Rainier’. Seasonally reproducible effects were seen in ‘Lapins’ (mid/late-maturing) but not in ‘Glenred’ (early-maturing). Canopy spraying of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) decreased color and increased fruit size in ‘Lapins’, but not in ‘Glenred’. Direct application of ABA on fruits attached to the tree, without application to the foliage, increased ‘Lapins’ fruit color without reducing size. These results suggest a localized fruit response to exogenous ABA application on fruit color development, but that a decrease in fruit size may be due to the effects of exogenous ABA on the tree canopy foliage.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators to enhance fruit color of 'Gala' apples

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
Douglas André Würz ◽  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
Leo Rufato
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Red Color

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators for enhancing fruit color of 'Gala Standard' apples (Malus domestica). The experiment was carried out in the 2015 and 2016 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of water, as a control; 300 mg L-1 ethephon, as a positive control; 400 mg L-1 prohydrojasmonate; and 400 mg L-1 abscisic acid. Flesh firmness, soluble solids content, fruit weight, and red color were assessed after harvest. Plant growth regulators enhanced red color of fruit and chlorophyll degradation. Prohydrojasmonate and abscisic acid did not reduce flesh firmness, in the 2016 season.

scholarly journals Specific productivity of selected apricot genorypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Z. Vachůn
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L

Specific productivity and some correlations between growth and productivity were evaluated in a set of 24 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes in 1994&ndash;1999. Even though the planting stock came from the same nursery, was of even age and on the same rootstock, the tree size of genotypes varied from planting to a permanent site. Differences in the tree size of genotypes slightly diminished over the six-year period, likely under the influence of uniform pruning used for all trees. Nevertheless, tree size evaluated from the area of stem cross-section can be considered as a genotype disposition. It is proved by a positive, highly significant correlation (r = 0.84<sup>++</sup>) between the rank genotypes according to the area of stem cross-section in the fourth and eleventh year after planting. Confidence intervals also confirmed significance of differences in specific productivity. In total, specific productivity of twelve genotypes was significantly higher than in the control cultivar Velkopavlovick&aacute;. A negative, significant moderate correlation (r = &ndash;0.40<sup>+</sup>) was calculated between tree size and specific productivity expressed as yield weight per unit area of stem cross-section. Weakly growing genotypes had higher specific productivity. The highest specific productivity was recorded in cultivars Vynoslivyj and Priusadebnyj and in LE-1321 and LE-390 hybrids. Of them, the most interesting for producers and fruit quality was Vynoslivyj with average fruit weight 47 g and harvest ripeness 11 days after Velkopavlovick&aacute;.

Growth and yield of clonal guavas in south-eastern Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
KR Chapman ◽  
B Paxton ◽  
DH Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Highly Correlated

Five processing guava clones (GA6- 1, GA7- 12, GA8-30, GA9-35, GA11-56) were tested over 3 cropping years at Nambour, in coastal south-eastern Queensland. Mean marketable yield for the first crop at 2 years of age was 45 kg/tree or 36.23 t/ha at a density of 805 trees/ha. GA11-56, the most acceptable clone for processing, also gave the highest marketable yields of 627, 71.65 and 72.53 t/ha for the first 3 crops. Yield per unit cross sectional area of trunk was a more simple and useful index of yield efficiency than more complex parameters including a fruitfulness index and multiple regressions with yield of north-south canopy spread, number of primary branches and combinations of these and trunk girth. Similarly, trunk - - girth provided at least as good an estimate of tree size as the vigour index. Tree dimension measurements which included east-west canopy spread, north-south canopy spread, tree height, stem height, number of primary branches, crown height, crown radius, tree canopy volume, canopy surface area and an index of crown weight provided no consistent indication of tree size. They were not highly correlated with either accumulated or final yield of the guava. The GA11-56 clone because of its yield, fruit size and other desirable processing characteristics was the only clone that could be recommended for commercial plantings.

scholarly journals Flowering period and fruit quality of peach trees selections and cultivars in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselda Alves ◽  
Jhulia Gelain ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.

scholarly journals Effect of gibberellic acid and urea on the growth of pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Le Van Ut ◽  
Vo Thi Bach Mai
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pineapple Fruit

Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and urea on Queen pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) growth in the field were discussed in this study. Pineapples were sprayed with GA3 (at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg.L-1) or urea (at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g.L-1) on day 0 and day 3 at the beginning of growth period (50% dried flowers). Fruits were sampled every 15 days from day 0 to day 75 for assessment on fruit weight, fruit size, and fruit quality. Besides, fruits (which were sprayed with GA3 at the concentration of 40 mg.L-1 or urea at the concentration of 15 g.L-1) were sampled on the 15th day from the day which processed to determine the size of cells. The results showed that the treatments with four highest concentration of GA3 (40, 60, 80 and 100 mg.L-1) or urea (15, 20, 25 and 30 g.L-1) significantly increased fruit weights and fruit sizes. In addition, the treatments of GA3 in high concentration (40 - 100 mg.L-1) stimulated the increase of sugar content and vitamin C content in the fruit flesh compared to the control. The treatments of urea at different concentrations did not alter the fruit quality index. Exogenous GA3 at the concentration of 40 mg.L-1 or urea at the concentration of 15 g.L-1 stimulated the increase of fruit weight without decreasing the fruit quality. In which, exogenous GA3 at concentration 40 mg.L-1 increased the fruit weight by enlarging flesh cell.  

scholarly journals The Effects of Four Clonal Rootstocks on Growth Indices, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Quantity of `Golden Smoothee' Apple in Iran's Climate Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 798A-798
Author(s):  
Alireza Talaie* ◽  
Ali Gharaghani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Fruit Abscission

In this research the effect of four clonal rootstocks (B9, M9, M26, and MM106) on growth characteristics, flowering and fruiting, and fruit quality and quantity of `Golden Smoothee' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) were studied during 2001 and 2003. Trees were 8 years old at the beginning of study. Experiments were planned in randomized complete-block design with four treatments (four rootstocks) and four replications. Rootstocks had significant effects on all growth characteristics. The highest tree height, shoot growth, and tree cross-sectional area were found on MM106; with B9 was the least and M9 and M26 were intermediate. The effect of year, and interaction of year on rootstocks were nonsignificant. Rootstock has highly affected flowering and fruiting characteristics. The highest flowering efficiency related to M9 and B9. The highest primary and secondary fruit set and fruit set efficiency found with M9 and M26. The highest preharvest fruit abscission observed with M26. The M9 had the least preharvest fruit abscission. Yield of M9 was the highest and B9 was the least. The M9 has the most yield efficiency and MM106 had the least. Effect of year was significant in many characteristics related to flowering and fruiting. Generally, trees had better conditions in first year. Among fruit quantitative treatments, rootstock only affected fruit weight significantly. Fruit harvested from B9 had the least weight and other rootstocks had similar fruit weight. Generally rootstock had no noticeable effect on fruit quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Weather Affects Seedless Watermelon Yield, But Not Fruit Size or Quality

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 748E-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Elkner* ◽  
David H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Seedless Watermelon

Medium-sized triploid watermelons were evaluated in southeast Pennsylvania in 2002 and 2003 to determine the best adapted cultivars for this region. The 2002 season was unusually hot and dry, while 2003 was unusually cool and wet. Yields and fruit quality were compared for the eight cultivars that were grown both seasons to determine the effect of weather on seedless watermelon. Cooler temperatures reduced total fruit number and total yield but not average fruit weight or soluble solids. Researchers evaluating triploid watermelons over several seasons can compare size and °Brix among cultivars, but will need to be cautious when predicting total yields.

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