scholarly journals Relationship between surface color and other maturity indices in wild lowbush blueberries

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kalt ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
L. C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Wild Blueberries

The surface color, size, and sugar, titratable acid and anthocyanin contents were measured on samples of various maturities from 72 individual lowbush blueberry clones to determine the relationships between surface color and other ripeness indicators. Among the total 504 berries, the maximum sugar content was approximately 5 times that of the minimum, while the maximum titratable acid and anthocyanin contents were 20 and 11 times those of the minimum contents, respectively. Correlations among variates were generally strongest for samples within clones, and they were weakest among the variate means for the 72 clones. For the total 504 berries, sugar content correlated more strongly with surface color than with berry size, while acid content correlated similarly with surface color and size. Correlations (positive or negative) among berry size and sugar and titratable acid contents did not exceed 0.60. Principal component analysis, which was used to identify groupings of correlated variates, indicated coordinated changes in berry characteristics during ripening, lower sugar and anthocyanin concentrations in large berries, and substantial interclonal variation in wild blueberries. Clonal selections obtained from an experimental trial differed significantly in all the variates measured, while wild clones without a surface bloom were not different from those clones with bloom. Key words: Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, color, sugar, titratable acid, anthocyanin

scholarly journals Hyperspectral monitoring of fructose content in marzipan

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Katalin Badak-Kerti ◽  
Szabina Németh ◽  
Andreas Zitek ◽  
Ferenc Firtha
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Analysis Technique

In our research marzipan samples of different sugar to almond paste ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) were stored at 17 °C. Reducing sugar content was measured by analytical method, texture analysis was done by penetrometry, electric characteristics were measured by conductometry and hyperspectral images were taken 6–8 times during the 16 days of storage. For statistical analyses (discriminant analysis, principal component analysis) SPSS program was used. According to our findings with the hyperspectral analysis technique, it is possible to identify how long the samples were stored (after production), and to which class (ratio of sugar to almond) the sample belonged. The main wavelengths which gave the best discrimination results among the days of storage were between 960 and 1100 nm. The type of the marzipan was easy to distinguish with the hyperspectral data; the biggest differences were observed at 1200 and 1400 nm, which are connected to the first overtone of C-H bound, therefore correlate with the oil content. The spatial distribution of penetrometric, electric and spectral properties were also characteristic to fructose content. The fructose content of marzipan is difficult to measure by usual optical ways (polarimetry, spectroscopy), but since fructose is hygroscopic, the spatial distribution of spectral properties can be characteristic.

scholarly journals Effect of Boron and Calcium Foliar Sprays on Pollen Germination and Development, Fruit Set, Seed Development, and Berry Yield and Quality in Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhi Chen ◽  
John M. Smagula ◽  
Walter Litten ◽  
Scott Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a managed field of native Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. clones, the effect of fall foliar sprays of B at 345 g·ha-1 and/or Ca at 3,450 g·ha-1 in remedying tissue deficiency of B varied among 12 clones, as seen in pollen germinability and on individual stems as seen in flower number, fruit set, and number of harvestable berries. With Ca applied alone, increased berry size did not overcome yield reduction due to fewer flowers and berries per stem. Berry diameter and mass correlated better to number of seeds of germinable size than to total number of seeds. Pollen germination averaged 17.4% on stigmata from untreated clones, and all three treatments (B, Ca, B + Ca) increased that average by 8%. More seeds per berry with the B-alone treatment implies more ovules fertilized when B deficiency is remedied. No relation was found between in vitro and in vivo pollen germination.

Spatial genetic structure of lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, in four fields in Maine

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 932-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Bell ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland ◽  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Frank A. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Expressed sequence tag – polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers were used to infer spatial genetic structure of four lowbush blueberry ( Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields in Maine. Genetic structure was quantified at three spatial scales: (1) within apparent clones (intrapatch), (2) among clones within a field, and (3) among fields separated by as much as 65 km. Of five “clones” or putative individuals examined in the intrapatch study, two showed complete genetic homogeneity within the patch, while three showed some band differences at their edges compared with their interiors. These differences at the edges, however, matched adjacent clones (so-called “intruders”), from which it was concluded that lowbush blueberry exhibits a fairly tight, phalanx clonal architecture with no evidence of invasive seedling establishment within clones. No significant correlation between genetic and physical distance was found among clones within fields via several statistical approaches. Significant among-field genetic differentiation was found via AMOVA (ΦPT = 8.4%; p ≤ 0.01) based upon transect samples across four fields ranging from 12.5 to 65 km apart. Principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation (SA) corroborated these findings. Significant positive SA was found at the within-field distance class of <350 m, but SA decreased to an insignificant value by the first interfield distance of 12.5 km. A special form of SA analysis was employed to detect “hotspots” of genetic similarity between pairs of adjacent clones in two fields. Results indicated that 5 of 23 pairs of clones (21.7%) were genetically similar to each other, while the majority of pairs (18 of 23; 78.3%) showed random, decreasing patterns of genetic similarity. Results are discussed in terms of clonal dynamics including architecture, seedling recruitment, and inferred pollen or seed dispersal distances.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Tolerance Evaluation of Five Poplar Varieties to Waterlogging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng ZHOU ◽  
Gang LI ◽  
Wei CHAO ◽  
Feng XU ◽  
Xiaomei SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Submergence Stress

Waterlogging resistance of five poplar varieties, ‘Danhongyang’ (DHY), ‘Juba-261’ (JB-261), ‘Zongqiansanhao’ (ZQ-3), ‘Zhonglin-2025’ (ZL-2025), and ‘Nanlin-895’ (NL-895), was evaluated under the simulated waterlogging conditions. Data on changes in leaf color and morphology as well as in biochemical indices, such as chlorophyll, malonaldehyde, soluble protein, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, relevant to submergence stress, were analyzed. The principal component analysis of the data identified the waterlogging resistance coefficient of the indices, which showed that waterflooding brought about different degrees of damage in the five poplar varieties, with DHY having the lowest waterlogging index. The leaf pigment content of the poplar was remarkably decreased by waterlogging, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were enhanced, but in different extents among the poplar varieties. Nearly all other poplar varieties showed a tendency of decline in JB-261, ZQ-3, ZL-2025, NL-895, except for SOD activity in DHY, which increased under submergence stress. Poplar varieties had varying degree of changes in POD activity, and APX activity tended to increase upon waterlogging. GR also displayed increasing tendency in JB-261, ZL-2025 and NL-895, except for in ZQ-3, which declined under waterlogging stress. GSH-PX except for ZQ-3 displayed no significant change, which showed a tendency of decline in DHY, JB-261, ZL-2025, and NL895. Principal component analysis allowed us to reduce16 indices to four independent indices. The subordinate function analysis identified that the DHY variety had the highest waterlogging tolerance, whereas the NL-895 variety had the lowest waterlogging tolerance among tested varieties.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemical and Chemometric Analysis to Distinguish Between Some Sweet Wines

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2355-2361
Author(s):  
Carmen Mihaela Topala ◽  
Lavinia Diana Tataru
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Chemometric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sweet Wines ◽  
Mir Spectra

FTIR Spectroscopy correlated with some chemical characteristics and chemometric analysis have been applied to distinguish between sweet wines obtained from different Romanian varieties and Canadian icewine. Chemical analyses differentiate the two categories of origin in terms of sugar content, acidity and total polyphenol content but are expensive and time-consuming. Principal Component Analysis were performed using different regions of FT-MIR spectra for all wines. Principal Component Analysis of their chemical parameters indicated that the wines can be discriminated based on their different phenolic, carbohydrates, polyols content and geographical origin. FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometry is a profitable technique for distinguishing between different wines and validates the results obtained by chemical analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Postharvest Storability of Ponkan Mandarins at Different Storage Temperatures Based on Principal Component Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Cai ◽  
Chunpeng Wan ◽  
Jinyin Chen ◽  
Chuying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Comprehensive Score

AbstractTo reduce postharvest losses of Ponkan mandarins caused by outdated storage facilities and preservation technology, we evaluated the preservation effect of different storage temperatures on Ponkan mandarins (5 ±1, 10 ± 1, 15 ± 1, and 20 ±1 °C), and obtained a comprehensive score using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine its suitable storage temperature. The results indicate that, relative to the other three storage temperatures, storage at 10 °C significantly maintains high total soluble solid content, titratable acid, and vitamin C contents; the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content decreased and changes in the relative conductivity (REC) were suppressed; and high activities of superoxide-dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as high contents of total phenol and total flavonoid were maintained. The PCA and clustering heat map results show that that the comprehensive score was the highest when stored at 10 °C. The data indicate that the suitable storage temperature of Ponkan mandarins at 10 °C significantly decreased MDA accumulation and reactive oxygen species metabolism, maintains high antioxidant capacity, maintains good fruit quality and achieves good storage and preservation effect, which is the appropriate storage temperature for Ponkan mandarins.

EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE AND FERTILIZER ON THE POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL YIELD OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRIES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE R. BENOIT ◽  
WALTER J. GRANT ◽  
AMR A. ISMAIL ◽  
DAVID E. YARBOROUGH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Significant Difference

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions to determine the effect of soil moisture stress and fertilizer applied during the year of bud formation on plant growth and development. Greenhouse plants grown under water treatments of 0.2 (about field capacity), 0.6, 1.0 and 5.0 bars did not differ significantly in number of stems per plant or flower buds per stem. A significant increase in the number of flowers per stem was detected for the 0.2- and 0.6-bar treatments over the 1.0- and 5.0-bar treatments. A highly significant trend was an increase in flowers per plant related to an increase in water application. Established field plants had no significant difference in the number of flowers between the unirrigated control and the 0.6- or 0.2-bar treatments. The number and total weight of berries increased significantly with increased water availability during the vegetative growth year but individual berry size remained the same. Irrigation during the year of bud formation may result in increased yield during the crop year. No significant fertilizer application effect was detected on the parameters evaluated.Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, flower buds

THE RESPONSE OF NATIVE STANDS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY IN NEWFOUNDLAND TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Rayment
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

Native Newfoundland stands of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were fertilized with ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, and muriate of potash in various combinations. Nitrogen caused earlier fruit maturity, increased berry size, and generally reduced fruit numbers, especially when in combination with added phosphorus. When nitrogen was used alone at 50 lb per acre, it gave an average yield increase of over 50% in the first pickings.When phosphorus and potassium were used together in the absence of nitrogen, there was an increase in fruit numbers resulting in higher yield. Combination of phosphorus with nitrogen was accompanied by increased vegetative growth of the blueberry and associated plants and decreased yields.

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