Seedling emergence after maternal bentazon application to 10 cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) populations

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Paul B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Maternal environments have been reported to affect various seed and seedling characteristics in many plants. In this study, we examined the effect of bentazon application to the mother plants on seed germination and seedling emergence of 10 cocklebur populations from wetlands or cultivated land. The mortality or longevity of fully developed seeds was affected significantly by bentazon application. Rate of seedling emergence showed little response, whereas percentage seedling emergence and percentage viable seeds in the soil were reduced by bentazon treatment to the mother plants. Populations from wetlands produced seedlings earlier than those from cultivated land. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed bank, herbicide, bentazon, cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium

Effects of heat and smoke on germination of soil-stored seed in a south-eastern Australian sand heathland

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Wills ◽  
Jennifer Read
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
And Control

Various fire-related agents, including heat, smoke, ash and charred wood, have been shown to break dormancy and promote germination of soil-stored seed in a broad range of species in mediterranean-type systems. However, relatively little work has been conducted in south-eastern Australian heathlands. This study examined the effects of heat and smoked water on germination of the soil seed bank in a mature sand heathland within the Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park, in south-eastern Australia. Heat was clearly the most successful treatment for promoting seed germination, followed by smoked water, then controls, with 55% of species present in the germinable soil seed bank requiring a heat or smoke stimulus to promote seed germination. Mean species richness of the germinable soil seed bank was found to be significantly higher in heat-treated soil than in smoke and control treatments. Seedling density of heat-treated soil was almost 10 times that of controls, while smoke-treated soil was almost five times that of controls. Seedling emergence was fastest in heat-treated soil, followed by smoke and control soils. Of the species found in the soil seed bank, 25% were absent from the extant vegetation, suggesting the existence of post-fire colonisers in the soil seed bank. The results have implications for the design of soil seed bank experiments and the use of fire as a tool in vegetation management.

Stimulation of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seed Germination by Injections of Ethylene into Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Egley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of ethylene upon germination of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) seeds were studied. In laboratory tests with seeds in sealed flasks in the dark, 10 μl/L ethylene increased germination of redroot pigweed seeds from 7% to 52% at 30 C, and increased germination of large and small common cocklebur seeds from 30% and 0% to 100% and 90% respectively, at 25 C. At least 12 h of exposure to ethylene was necessary for appreciable stimulation of germination. In growth chamber studies with known numbers of seeds in pots of soil, ethylene at 11 kg/ha was injected into the soil, and the pots were enclosed in plastic bags for 24 h. One such injection at 2 weeks after planting, and successive injections at 2, 3, and 4 weeks, significantly increased redroot pigweed seedling emergence, and significantly decreased the numbers of dormant, viable seeds remaining in the soil. When pots were not enclosed, injections did not significantly effect redroot pigweed seeds, but significantly increased common cocklebur seedling emergence and decreased the number of viable common cocklebur seeds remaining in the soil.

Increased weed emergence and seed bank depletion by soil disturbance in a no-tillage system

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Mulugeta ◽  
David E. Stoltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Viable Seeds

The influence of secondary soil disturbance on the emergence pattern and seed bank depletion of an annual weed community in a long-term, no-tillage corn cropping system was determined in 1992 and 1993. As a component of this research, the seed bank was characterized prior to implementation of soil disturbance treatments. The seed bank was initially composed of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail, with approximately 55, 36, and 8% of the total viable seeds, respectively. The remaining 1% was comprised of five other species in 1992 and eight in 1993. The spatial distribution of viable seeds of each species, except common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed, was described by a negative binomial distribution. Three dispersion indices indicated that seeds of individual and total weed species were aggregated and that the level of aggregation of viable seeds of a species was associated with seed density; at lower seed densities, the level of aggregation was greater. Soil disturbance increased common lambsquarters emergence 6-fold in 1992 relative to nondisturbed soil, but did not influence emergence in 1993. Rainfall was about 50% less in 1993. In contrast, soil disturbance increased giant foxtail and redroot pigweed emergence approximately 6- and 3-fold in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Seedling emergence associated with soil disturbance, relative to nondisturbed soil, increased seed bank depletion of common lambsquarters 16-fold in 1992, and giant foxtail and redroot pigweed and average of 6- and 3-fold in 1992 and 1993, respectively. These results indicated that soil disturbance increased seedling emergence and seed bank depletion of the predominant species in the weed community of a long-term, no-tillage system, but that this response was dependent on rainfall for common lambsquarters.

scholarly journals Longevidad y germinación de semillas de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) y sus implicaciones ecológicas

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Túlio Gabriel Soares Oliveira ◽  
Anderson Cleiton José ◽  
Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro ◽  
José Marcio Rocha Faria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year ◽  
Syagrus Romanzoffiana

<strong><em>Syagrus romanzoffiana</em> is a palm tree native and widely distributed of South America.</strong> <strong>The present study investigated the longevity and germination of the buried seeds of this species in an experimental seed bank.</strong> <strong>Laboratory germination and</strong> <strong>viability tests were performed for comparison with field results. Pyrenes (seeds enclosed by the endocarp) were buried in a forest fragment edge in July (dry season) in July 2012 and exhumed monthly during one year, for the assessment of water content</strong> <strong>and percentage of germinated and viable seeds.</strong> <strong>Germination tests</strong> <strong>were conducted in a Mangelsdorf-type germinator at 30°C under constant light and the viability was </strong><strong>assessed by the tetrazolium test. An additional sample of</strong> <strong>pyrenes was buried to evaluate the percentage of seedling emergence and survival. Climatic</strong> <strong>and soil moisture</strong> <strong>data</strong> <strong>were recorded.</strong> <strong>In the laboratory, the pyrenes were stored for one year in a temperature-controlled room at 20ºC and 75% (±10%) relative air humidity to assess changes in the percentage of germination and viability over time.</strong> <strong>In the field, a reduction in seed viability</strong> <strong>was observed over the study period, with a total loss of viability of non-germinated seeds at seven months after burial.</strong> <strong>The maximum germination (close to 26%) was observed in the samples that were exhumed between five and seven months after burial. In the field, seedling emergence did not exceed 10% and seedling mortality was not observed. The percentages of germination and of viable seeds decreased both in burial and stored seeds. The stored seeds maintained viability at up to six months, with marked reduction thereafter. After the germination tests (four months) in the laboratory, all of the remaining seeds were nonviable. The ecological, physiological</strong> <strong>and reproductive characteristics of the species are discussed, and we concluded that</strong> <strong><em>S. romanzoffiana</em></strong> <strong>seeds have short longevity after imbibition, and low potential for soil seed bank formation.</strong>

Seed germination, seedling emergence, and seed bank ecology of sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina(L.) Coult.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378-1386
Author(s):  
Melissa A Dow ◽  
Christa R Schwintzer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Adjacent Field ◽  
Dormancy Cycles

We examined seed-bank seeds of sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.), an actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing shrub, to determine their distribution in the soil and to identify the factors that stimulate them to germinate following removal of the vegetation. Seeds were extracted from the soil of adjacent field and forest sites currently lacking sweet fern in Orono, Maine. Both sites contained approximately 2000 seeds·m-2with the greatest concentration at a depth of 60-80 mm. The seeds were 4.0-5.5 mm long, enclosed by a pitted, woody pericarp, and 8% contained embryos. Many seedlings emerged in disturbed plots (vegetation removed and upper soil mixed) in May and June 1997, but none appeared after 24 July. Seeds collected in May and June germinated readily in a growth chamber (30-45% germination) whereas only 2-5% of July- and August-collected seeds germinated indicating induction of secondary dormancy. August-collected seeds showed strong germination after >=15 days of moist chilling at 4°C indicating relief of secondary dormancy by chilling. Temperature fluctuation with an amplitude of 10°C strongly stimulated germination. Presence of annual secondary dormancy cycles and stimulation by strong temperature fluctuation assures that seed-bank seeds germinate under conditions that allow the seedlings to become established.Key words: actinorhizal plants, Comptonia peregrina, germination ecophysiology, secondary dormancy, seed bank, seedling emergence.

Seed Bank Longevity of Common Crupina (Crupina vulgaris) in Natural Populations

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Zamora ◽  
Donald C. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Seed Bank Longevity ◽  
Over Time

Seedling emergence and seed bank longevity were followed in field experiments with natural populations of common crupina for 4 yr. Emergence the first fall after dissemination was 90 to 98% of all seedlings eventually to emerge from the seedbank. Seedling emergence over time did not differ between plots which either were treated with the potassium salt of picloram or were hand weeded. No viable seed remained in the soil 25 to 26 months after seed production stopped. Five locations in a common crupina infestation undergoing eradication were sampled for seed in the soil. No viable seeds were found during the first year of the eradication, and no intact seeds were found after 4 yr.

DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
G. B. Khattri ◽  
B. D. Acharya ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

scholarly journals Effect of Oak Tree Sawdust Fermentation Period on Peanut Seed Germination, Seedling Biomass, and Morphology

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Junsik Ahn ◽  
Soyeon Oh ◽  
Yang Joo Kang ◽  
KiBum Kim ◽  
Sung-Kwon Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds were germinated to investigate the effect of the fermentation period of oak tree sawdust on germination viability and seedling characteristics. Its germination rate, seedling weight, length, and total vigor index were assessed. The seeds were sown in oak tree sawdust fermented for 0, 30, 45, and 60 days. The germination rates of the seeds in fermented sawdust were significantly different. The seeds in the 45-day fermented sawdust produced the heaviest biomass weight (4.6 g) with the longest true leaf (1.7 cm) and hypocotyl (3.4 cm) resulting in the highest total vigor index (925.8). In contrast, seeds in 0-day fermented sawdust had the lowest total vigor index (18.3). Microbiome analysis showed that the microbial community in the sawdust changed as the fermentation progressed, indicating that the microbial community seems to affect seed germination physiology. Taken together, 45-day fermented sawdust is recommended for optimal peanut seed germination and seedling growth.

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