Influence of N supply on development and dry matter accumulation of an old and a new maize hybrid

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. McCullough ◽  
M. Mihajlovic ◽  
A. Aguilera ◽  
M. Tollenaar ◽  
Ph. Girardin
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

The response of an old and a new maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid to N supply was evaluated under controlled-environment conditions. An old hybrid (Pride 5) and a new hybrid (Pioneer 3902) were grown at three N levels (15, 2.5, and 0.5 mM N), and development and dry matter accumulation were measured at the 4-, 8-, and 12-leaf stage. Leaf chlorophyll was monitored from the 8- to 12-leaf stage, and leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at the 12-leaf stage. Rate of dry matter accumulation decreased with declining N supply. In contrast, decreasing N supply progressively increased the duration of the 4- to 8-leaf phase and the 8- to 12-leaf phase. As a consequence, total dry matter at the 12-leaf stage did not differ among N levels. The rate of leaf appearance of the old hybrid (Pride 5) was proportionately more reduced under low N than that of the new hybrid (Pioneer 3902). Similarly, the reduction in crop growth rate during the 8- to 12-leaf stage at the lowest N level was 46% for Pride 5 and 24% for Pioneer 3902. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher for Pride 5 than for Pioneer 3902 at high N levels, but leaf chlorophyll content declined significantly more rapidly in Pride 5 than in Pioneer 3902 when N stress increased. Leaf carbon assimilation rates were 4–27% higher for the new hybrid, with the largest differences occurring at low N levels. Collectively, results of this study show that the old hybrid (Pride 5) was more sensitive to N stress during early development than the new hybrid (Pioneer 3902). Key words:Zea mays L., nitrogen stress tolerance, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence

Effect of Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) Infection on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Tomato

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mauromicale ◽  
Antonino Lo Monaco ◽  
Angela M. G. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

The influence of the holoparasite branched broomrape on the vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato was studied over two growing seasons on plants grown in a commercial greenhouse. The presence of the parasite strongly reduced the aerial biomass by acting as a competing sink for assimilate, but more importantly, by compromising the efficiency of carbon assimilation via a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F0, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm were all altered in parasitized plants, indicating that branched broomrape–infected plants are more susceptible to photoinhibition. The degree of damage to the host was not dependent on either the number or the biomass of parasitic plants per host plant. We suggest that the ability to maintain a high photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll content, or both and the ability to minimize photoinhibition can be developed as indirect assays for improved tolerance to branched broomrape.

Temperature response of dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence in an old and a new maize hybrid during early development

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tollenaar ◽  
M. Mihajlovic ◽  
A. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance

Studies were conducted to investigate whether genetic improvement in dry matter accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids recommended in Ontario from the late 1950s to the late 1980s is associated with cold-temperature tolerance during early phases of development. The maize hybrids Pride 5 (released in 1959) and Pioneer 3902 (released in 1988) were compared at 16/7, 23/14, and 33/24 °C under a 16-h photoperiod with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 650 μmol m−2 s−1 in long-term and short-term temperature experiments conducted in controlled-environment cabinets. In the long-term temperature experiment, plants were grown at the three temperature regimes from the 4- to the 12-leaf stage. Total and plant component dry matter was determined at the 8-, 10-, and 12-leaf stage, and leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at the 10-leaf stage. In the short-term temperature experiment, plants were exposed to the three temperature regimes during a 3-d period after the 9-leaf stage, followed by 2 d at 23/14 °C. Dry matter accumulation during the 5-d period was measured and leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during each of the last 3 d of the 5-d period. Results showed a highly significant temperature effect on all measured parameters. Dry matter of Pride 5 at the 10-leaf stage was higher than that of Pioneer 3902, but rates of dry matter accumulation and leaf photosynthesis did not differ among hybrids, and hybrid × temperature interactions were not significant for these parameters. Hybrid × temperature interactions were significant for dry matter partitioning and the fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, suggesting better low-temperature tolerance for Pride 5. Results of the short-term temperature study showed a significant hybrid × temperature interaction for dry matter accumulation, with Pride 5 higher than Pioneer 3902 at the low temperature regime and Pride 5 lower than Pioneer 3902 at the high temperature regime. Results of these experiments suggest that improvement over the past 30 yr of Ontario maize hybrids is not associated with improved low-temperature tolerance during early development. Key words: Maize, low-temperature tolerance, dry matter accumulation, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Herbicides Applied in Unpuddled Transplanted Aman Rice on The Succeeding Crops Assessed by Bioassay Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Zahan ◽  
Md Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Mahfuza Begum
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Bioassay Technique

The residual effect of eight herbicides (pendimethalin, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, butachlor, pretilachlor, orthosulfamuron, acetochlor + bensulfuron methyl, butachlor + propanil and 2,4-D amine) was applied in unpuddled transplanted aman rice in aa weedy and a hand weeded controls, was evaluated for succeeding crops viz. wheat, lentil and sunflower by following bioassay technique. A study was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2013 to January 2014 after harvest of unpuddled transplanted aman rice. All herbicides were imposed as weed management practice of unpuddled transplanted aman rice during July to August 2013. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. As a consequence, the residual effect of those herbicides on the succeeding wheat, lentil and sunflower crops was evaluated in term of germination, leaf chlorophyll content, seedling shoot length and dry matter. The results showed that seedling germination of all these succeeding crops in the herbicide treated plots did not differ significantly from those of weedy and hand weeded control plots. Moreover, leaf chlorophyll content, seedling shoot length and dry matter of wheat, lentil and sunflower were not adversely affected by any of the herbicide treatments imposed in aman rice. It was concluded that herbicides used in unpuddled transplanted aman rice had no residual effect on the germination and leaf chlorophyll content, seedling shoot length and dry matter of the succeeding wheat, lentil and sunflower crops.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 95-103

Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence discriminates herbicide resistance inEchinochloaspecies

Weed Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Zhang ◽  
S H Lim ◽  
J W Kim ◽  
G Nah ◽  
A Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

scholarly journals RIL-StEp: epistasis analysis of rice recombinant inbred lines (RILs) reveals candidate interacting genes that control seed hull color and leaf chlorophyll content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Sakai ◽  
Akira Abe ◽  
Motoki Shimizu ◽  
Ryohei Terauchi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Seed Hull

Abstract Characterizing epistatic gene interactions is fundamental for understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits. However, due to the large number of potential gene combinations, detecting epistatic gene interactions is computationally demanding. A simple, easy-to-perform method for sensitive detection of epistasis is required. Due to their homozygous nature, use of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) excludes the dominance effect of alleles and interactions involving heterozygous genotypes, thereby allowing detection of epistasis in a simple and interpretable model. Here, we present an approach called RIL-StEp (recombinant inbred lines stepwise epistasis detection) to detect epistasis using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genome. We applied the method to reveal epistasis affecting rice (Oryza sativa) seed hull color and leaf chlorophyll content and successfully identified pairs of genomic regions that presumably control these phenotypes. This method has the potential to improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of various traits of crops and other organisms.

Variability of Leaf Chlorophyll Content in a Population of Sassafras

1990 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita G. de Soyza ◽  
Dwight T. Kincaid ◽  
Carlos R. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

scholarly journals Growth, yield and nutrient content of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to INM in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubaraj Dhakal ◽  
RS Meena ◽  
Nirmal De ◽  
SK Verma ◽  
Ajeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Significant improvement in LAI, number of trifoliate, SPAD value of green leaf chlorophyll, dry matter accumulation, yield, harvest index (%) and nutrient content of mungbean were recorded due to application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha vermicompost (VC) + Rhizobium (Rh)+ phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB), followed by 100% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC and 100% RDF + Rh + PSB. The highest seed yield of mungbean was obtained with the application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC + Rh + PSB (12.34 q /ha) followed by 100% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC (12.05 q /ha) and 100% RDF + Rh+ PSB (11.95 q /ha).

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