Chrysanthemum dry matter partitioning patterns along irradiance and temperature gradients

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Karlsson ◽  
R. D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Matter Basis

The influence of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF, 1.8−21.6 mol d−1 m−2) and day (DT) and night (NT) temperature (10–30 °C) on dry matter accumulation and partitioning was studied in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ’Bright Golden Anne’. Total plant dry matter varied from 3.6 to 17.2 g at flowering. Plants with the greatest dry matter were from treatments with high PPF levels and temperatures. Accumulation of dry matter in roots, stems, leaves and flowers examined on a normalized time and normalized dry matter basis showed similar trends independent of DT, NT and PPF during development. Accumulated dry matter in roots, stems and leaves increased to a maximum and then decreased as the flowers were developing. Maximum leaf, root and stem dry matter was reached at 81, 85 and 91%, respectively, of required time from start of short days (SD) to flower. Proportion root dry matter increased and proportion leaf dry matter decreased in the plants as PPF increased. Partitioning to roots decreased as the DT increased. The root/shoot dry matter ratio decreased as plants developed from start of SD to flowering at all studied combinations of PPF, DT and NT. A positive difference between DT and NT (DIF) resulted in a higher percentage stem dry matter compared to plants grown at a negative DIF. Partitioning to flowers was not strongly correlated with the levels of PPF, DT and NT.Key words: Chrysanthemum morifolium, Dendranthema grandiflora, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, temperature, irradiance

scholarly journals Leaf Mass Partitioning as a Determinant of Dry Matter Accumulation in Zantedeschia

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Funnell ◽  
Errol W. Hewett ◽  
Ian J. Warrington ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning in plants of Zantedeschia Spreng. `Best Gold' aff. Z. pentlandii (Wats.) Wittm. (syn. Richardia pentlandii Wats.) were quantified under a range of temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) regimes using plant growth analysis. The relative rate of dry matter accumulation [relative growth rate (RGRM), g·g-1·d-1] was highly correlated with the partitioning of the daily increment of dry matter into leaf tissue [leaf matter partitioning (LMP), g·d-1 per g·d-1]. In contrast, a poor correlation existed between RGRM and net assimilation rate (NAR, g·m-2·d-1). Maximum values of RGRM increased linearly with increasing temperature (from 13 to 28 °C), with a base temperature of 2.1 ± 2.7 °C. The optimum temperature for growth was PPF dependent with maximum total plant dry mass occurring under high PPF (694 μmol·m-2·s-1) at 25 °C. However, as the plant responded to PPF by altering LMP, final total plant dry mass was actually greater under the low PPF regime (348 μmol·m-2·s-1) at temperatures <22 °C. The optimum temperature for dry matter accumulation was close to the average daily air temperature during the growing season for the natural habitat of the parent species. Similarly, the greater dry matter accumulation under the combination of either low PPF and cooler temperatures or high PPF and warmer temperatures was paralleled by the diversity of PPF habitats in the natural open grassland and forest margin the parent species occupies. It is therefore suggested that Zantedeschia `Best Gold' is well adapted to optimize growth under these environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Selection for wide temperature adaptation in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Selected Abstract ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Or Low Temperature ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat ◽  
Short Days

Rooted cuttings of commercial cvs were grown to flowering at five temperatures and the the number of short days to flowering was recorded. The optimum temperature for rapid flowering varied between cvs. The number of days to flowering at the optimum temperature was not related to the delay in flowering caused by either high or low temperature. In many cvs the delay in flowering at low temperature was accompanied by a similar delay at high temperature. It was concluded that for the character 'time to flowering' genotypes should preferably be selected at low temperatures. If low temperature cannot be realized, only rapidly flowering genotypes should be selected. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Temperature response of dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence in an old and a new maize hybrid during early development

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tollenaar ◽  
M. Mihajlovic ◽  
A. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance

Studies were conducted to investigate whether genetic improvement in dry matter accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids recommended in Ontario from the late 1950s to the late 1980s is associated with cold-temperature tolerance during early phases of development. The maize hybrids Pride 5 (released in 1959) and Pioneer 3902 (released in 1988) were compared at 16/7, 23/14, and 33/24 °C under a 16-h photoperiod with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 650 μmol m−2 s−1 in long-term and short-term temperature experiments conducted in controlled-environment cabinets. In the long-term temperature experiment, plants were grown at the three temperature regimes from the 4- to the 12-leaf stage. Total and plant component dry matter was determined at the 8-, 10-, and 12-leaf stage, and leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at the 10-leaf stage. In the short-term temperature experiment, plants were exposed to the three temperature regimes during a 3-d period after the 9-leaf stage, followed by 2 d at 23/14 °C. Dry matter accumulation during the 5-d period was measured and leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during each of the last 3 d of the 5-d period. Results showed a highly significant temperature effect on all measured parameters. Dry matter of Pride 5 at the 10-leaf stage was higher than that of Pioneer 3902, but rates of dry matter accumulation and leaf photosynthesis did not differ among hybrids, and hybrid × temperature interactions were not significant for these parameters. Hybrid × temperature interactions were significant for dry matter partitioning and the fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, suggesting better low-temperature tolerance for Pride 5. Results of the short-term temperature study showed a significant hybrid × temperature interaction for dry matter accumulation, with Pride 5 higher than Pioneer 3902 at the low temperature regime and Pride 5 lower than Pioneer 3902 at the high temperature regime. Results of these experiments suggest that improvement over the past 30 yr of Ontario maize hybrids is not associated with improved low-temperature tolerance during early development. Key words: Maize, low-temperature tolerance, dry matter accumulation, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence

Nitrogen and dry-matter accumulation in high lysine and normal varieties of barley

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Rhodes ◽  
G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Normal Varieties ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

SUMMARYDry matter and Kjeldahl nitrogen estimations were made on the roots and shoots of the barley varieties Riso 1508, Hiproly and Maris Mink from the seedling stage to maturity under three nitrogen treatments. After heading, the shoots were further separated into ears and stems plus leaves. Total plant nitrogen uptake was greatest in the high lysine variety Riso 1508 and was associated with a greater production of dry matter. However, the proportion of total plant nitrogen and dry matter in the grain was highest in the variety Maris Mink and this effect increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The comparative efficiency of dry-matter production and nitrogen translocation of these varieties is discussed in relation to breeding barley of improved protein yield and quality.

DYNAMICS OF ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING OF DRY MATTER AND FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN PLANT FRACTIONS OF FORAGE CEREALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. IANNUCCI ◽  
M. PIZZILLO ◽  
G. ANNICCHIARICO ◽  
M. FRAGASSO ◽  
V. FEDELE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Interesting Species

SUMMARYDuring growth, several cereals store significant amounts of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), which have important prebiotic properties. Cereal forage crops are also essential components of many Mediterranean agricultural systems, although little information is available on their dynamics of accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and FOS during growth. Oat (Avena sativaL.,cv. ‘Flavia’ andcv. ‘Genziana’), emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccumSchrank,cv. ‘Giovanni Paolo’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL.,cv. ‘Diomede’) and triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack,cv. ‘Rigel’) were investigated for their synthesis of FOS, with a view to development of management approaches for harvesting high-quality forage, and to determine whether these species can be used as natural sources of FOS for commercial use. The study was conducted at Foggia (Italy) and Bella (Potenza, Italy) over two growing seasons (2008–2009; 2009–2010). Dry-matter accumulation and FOS contents were determined for plant fractions from heading to kernel-hard stages. There were large variations across these species for dry-matter partitioning and dry-matter yield (greatest for triticale: 1.24 kg m−2), and for FOS levels of total plants and plant fractions. Emmer wheat and triticale showed greater FOS production (52.0, 41.1 g m−2, respectively). Barley, emmer wheat and triticale showed higher FOS levels in total plants (4.11%, 5.93%, 4.33% dry matter, respectively). Barley, emmer wheat and triticale appear to be the most interesting species for production of forage biomass rich in FOS and as natural FOS sources for industrial use.

Phenology, Reproductive-Biology and Seed Development in Four Rush and Sedge Species From Western Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Meney ◽  
KW Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Study Species

Four species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae from the Mediterranean-type climate region of Western Australia were studied to determine factor(s) limiting their reproductive performance. Ecdeiocolea monostachya (Ecdeiocoleaceae), Lepidobolus chaetocephalus (Restionaceae), Restio aff. sphacelatus (Restionaceae) and Mesomelaena pseudostygia (Cyperaceae) differed in the pattern of dry matter partitioning and phenological patterns. All species were moderately efficient at remobilising dry matter from senescing vegetative organs, maintaining constant tissue water to dry matter content in mature organs over the study period regardless of soil moisture availability. In situ nutrient and water supplements of study species did not elicit improved seed production or significant increases in dry matter accumulation (except for current and old culms of E. monostachya and spikelets of L. chaetocephalus). For all study species except L. chaetocephalus, seed production was low, while herbivore activity, insect predation andlor infection by a smut (Tolyposporium lepidiboli) reduced seed production potential in L. chaetocephalus and E. monostachya. Attempts at seed germination for all study species were not successful. Extracted embryos from mature seed of all species cultured in vitro grew rapidly, providing a reliable method for propagation of study species.

scholarly journals Biomass Yield and Dry Matter Partitioning in Greenhouse-grown Stinging Nettle under Different Fertilization Regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laban K. Rutto ◽  
Myong-Sook Ansari ◽  
Michael Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
N Supply ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Aboveground Growth ◽  
Limiting Threshold

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a specialty crop with economic potential. Apart from being harvested and consumed as a leafy vegetable, stinging nettle has well-documented applications in alternative medicine and industry. However, research on stinging nettle mineral nutrition is insufficient and the current study is part of efforts to establish agronomic guidelines for managed cultivation. Greenhouse experiments were conducted over two seasons (summer and fall) to evaluate stinging nettle growth and dry matter partitioning in response to variations in the supply of nitrogen (N), and N in combination with potassium (K). In the first experiment, seedlings were transplanted into potted media amended with N applied at rates equivalent to 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 g·m−2, while Expt. 2 consisted of N (15, 45, and 75 g·m−2 equivalent) and K (4, 8, and 12 g·m−2 equivalent) applied in factorial combinations. In Expt. 1, stinging nettle growth was positively correlated with N supply up to 60 g·m−2 during the reproductive phase (summer) and 75 g·m−2 during the vegetative phase (fall), while there was a slight decline in growth and dry matter yield at the highest level of K (12 g·m−2) at all N levels in Expt. 2. In both experiments, growth and dry matter accumulation was higher in the fall than in summer, and high N accounted for significantly more vegetative growth with a concomitant increase in aboveground biomass. Our results suggest that K should be applied at a rate below the growth-limiting threshold of 12 g·m−2. In this study, N strongly stimulated aboveground growth suggesting it is the most important element in stinging nettle nutrition.

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