Effets de la fertilisation azotée et des conditions d'application de l'éthéphon sur la productivité de la tomate de transformation cv. Heinz 2653

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tremblay ◽  
Yvon Perron
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Application Date ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée ◽  
Production Characteristics

Processing tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Heinz' 2653) were grown during the years 1986–1988 to study the effects on fruit yield of side-dressed N rates (45, 90 or 135 kg N ha−1), ethephon spraying date (early or late) and dose (3.5 or 5.5 L ha−1). Total fruit production in 1987 was much higher than in 1986 and 1988. Early ethephon application increased by 6% the weight of #1 fruits which became more numerous, although smaller in size. The effect of the ethephon application date on yield was subject to production characteristics particular to each year. On the other hand, the effect of the ethephon dose was constant regardless of yearly conditions. The high ethephon dose did not significantly improve #1 fruit yield. Increasing N rate enhanced foliar N content but did not modify yield. It is suggested that N originating from sources other than the banded fertilizer maintained sufficient N levels for optimal growth. Key words: Ethrel, Lycopersicon esculentum, quality, ripening, yield, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid

scholarly journals Optimizing N Fertilization to Improve Yield, Technological and Nutritional Quality of Tomato Grown in High Fertility Soil Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Alfonso Pentangelo ◽  
Mario Parisi
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Rates

Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.

Water management strategies to enhance fruit solids and yield of drip irrigated processing tomato

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
T. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Blossom End Rot

Processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. H9553 was used to investigate the effects of water management strategies on fruit yield, quality and solids production in southwestern Ontario over a 3-yr period (2003-2005). Treatments included four levels of drip irrigation (1.2, 1.0, 0.8 and 0.5 of potential crop evapotranspiration, ETc) during the growing season, three preharvest water cutoff times (4, 3 and 2 wk preharvest) and an unirrigated treatment. Irrigation generally increased total and marketable fruit yield, increased the average fruit weight and reduced green fruit yield and blossom-end rot when compared with the unirrigated treatment. Percent fruit solids were reduced, but total solid yields (t ha-1) were increased by irrigation. In a dry year (2005), fruit and total solid yields increased with irrigation water level but were not affected by the preharvest water cutoff time. In wetter years, the irrigation regime that applied the least water (0.5 ETc) reduced the amount of water applied to the crop while maintaining high yields and fruit quality. Fruit maturity, colour, firmness and the amount of culled fruit were not influenced by either the irrigation water level or the preharvest water cutoff time. The irrigation regime that applied the least water when used in combination with an early preharvest water cutoff appeared to counteract the reduction in percent fruit solids associated with irrigation. Some reduction in yield may occur with this irrigation regime and rainfall may interfere with implementation of this strategy. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, yield, blossom-end rot

scholarly journals Yield and Yield Related Parameters of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Treated with Paclobutrazol at Different Stages in North West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Walelegn Endegena
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

The effects of Paclobutrazol (PBZ) on fruit yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.) were investigated by spraying it on tomato seedlings grown in an open field. The treatments were 5 x 2 factorial combinations including five rates of PBZ (control, 1 kg ha-1, 2 kg ha-1, 3 kg ha-1and 4 kg ha-1) and two times of application (at 2 to 4 and 6 to 8 true leaf growth stages of tomato seedlings), arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design, each treatment replicated three times. The objective of the study was to characterize the effect of rate and time of application of PBZ on the yield and yield related parameters of tomato. Time and rate of application of PBZ significantly increased harvest index, yield concentration and index of economic earliness, and decreased fruit set percentage, pericarp thickness, fruit diameter and percentage of class one fruit. Irrespective of the time of application, an increase in the rate of PBZ compared to the control significantly increased days to fruit maturity. Time and rate of application of PBZ were significantly interacted to increase; unmarketable fruit yield but decrease means fruit weight. Compared to the control, the interaction effects also produced two significant trends of variations on fruit yield per plant, fruit dry weight per plant, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield. Significant reduction in yields was observed for diluted concentrations like 1 and 2 kg/ha a.i. of PBZ in the second time of application and 1 kg/ha a.i. of PBZ in the first time of application, whereas all other treatments produced significantly higher yields than the controls. On the contrary, time and rate of application of PBZ were found to be effective in improving economic earliness of tomato. As a whole, time and rate of application of PBZ resulted in two significant trends of variations (increasing and decreasing) on fruit yields of tomato. Hence, it could be possible to propose that more assimilate reallocation to the fruits are significant advantage of PBZ treatments contributing to the improvement of seedling quality at planting for increased seedling survival rate, better stress protection, early and more fruit production.

scholarly journals Densely Planted Okra for Destructive Harvest: III. Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1370-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Niels O. Maness ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Richard W. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
N Rates

Research was conducted to develop a cultural system that would permit a destructive mechanical okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] harvest. Okra grown at a highly dense (HD) plant population of 25 × 23 cm and destructively harvested by machine was compared with control plants spaced at 90 × 23 cm and repeatedly and non-destructively harvested by hand. The control N fertilization regime was 45 kg·ha-1 of N preplant, followed by one or two topdressings, each with 22 kg·ha-1 of N. Treatments applied to HD plots were designed to be multiples of the control N fertilization levels. Preplant fertilizer was added such that the sum of residual soil N plus the added fertilizer would total to 45, 90, or 135 kg·ha-1 of N for the standard, intermediate, and highest rates, respectively. Topdressing rates were 22, 44, or 66 kg·ha-1 of N for standard, intermediate, and highest, respectively. Topdressing was timed to follow a mechanical harvest of the HD plots. Since there was only one mechanical harvest in the two 1995 studies, topdress N treatments did not affect yields from mechanical harvest in that year. Nitrogen treatments had few effects on fruit yield per hectare of HD okra, even when stem N concentrations equaled or exceeded those of control plants. The highest N rate tended to delay fruit production. Increasing N rates did not affect the marketable fruit yield obtained by mechanical harvest of HD plants expressed as a percentage of the total cumulative marketable fruit yield from control plants. Physiological factors appear to be limiting the potential for densely planted okra in a destructive mechanical harvest system rather than horticultural factors such as N nutrition.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on fruit yield and quality of processing tomatoes

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Available N ◽  
Processing Tomato

Four processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (CC337, H9230, H9492 and H9553) were field-grown in southwestern Ontario using five N fertilization rates in each of 4 yr (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1 in 2000, 2001 and 2002). Total fruit yield increased linearly as N rate was increased except in 2001, which was a dry year. Responses of marketable yield to fertilizer N rate were dependent on cultivar and the year. In years when sufficient soil water was available, N fertilizer rates of 200 kg ha-1 or higher were required to produce the maximum marketable yield for the four cultivars. In the dryer years, the response to fertilizer N rate was cultivar dependent, and the application of 150 to 200 kg N ha-1 was sufficient to maximize marketable yield. Fertilizer N above the rate required for maximum marketable yield increased green fruit yield at harvest. Nitrogen rate did not affect the soluble solids (SS) content, firmness, size or colour of marketable fruit. Differences in yield and fruit quality were noted among cultivars. H9553 was the highest-yielding cultivar. H9230 had the largest fruit size. CC337 generally had the best red fruit colour and the lowest percent SS. H9492 generally had the highest percent SS. To attain maximum marketable yields, it appears that N rates should be adjusted based on cultivars, anticipated rainfall levels and availability of irrigation. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, processing tomato, nitrogen fertilization, yield, quality

Orchestrated Flowering and Interspecific Facilitation: Key Factors in the Maintenance of the Main Pollinator of Coexisting Threatened Species of Andean Wax Palms (Ceroxylon spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Javier Carreño-Barrera ◽  
Luis Alberto Núñez-Avellaneda ◽  
Maria José Sanín ◽  
Artur Campos D. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Flower Visiting

Solitary, dioecious, and mostly endemic to Andean cloud forests, wax palms (Ceroxylon Bonpl. ex DC. spp.) are currently under worrisome conservation status. The establishment of management plans for their dwindling populations rely on detailed biological data, including their reproductive ecology. As in the case of numerous other Neotropical palm taxa, small beetles are assumed to be selective pollinators of wax palms, but their identity and relevance in successful fruit yield were unknown. During three consecutive reproductive seasons we collected data on population phenology and reproductive and floral biology of three syntopic species of wax palms native to the Colombian Andes. We also determined the composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, quantifying the extent of the role of individual species as effective pollinators through standardized value indexes that take into consideration abundance, constancy, and pollen transport efficiency. The studied populations of C. parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl., C. ventricosum Burret, and C. vogelianum (Engel) H. Wendl. exhibit seasonal reproductive cycles with marked temporal patterns of flower and fruit production. The composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, comprised by ca. 50 morphotypes, was constant across flowering seasons and differed only marginally among species. Nonetheless, a fraction of the insect species associated with pistillate inflorescences actually carried pollen, and calculated pollinator importance indexes demonstrated that one insect species alone, Mystrops rotundula Sharp, accounted for 94%–99% of the effective pollination services for all three species of wax palms. The sequential asynchronous flowering of C. parvifrons, C. ventricosum, and C. vogelianum provides an abundant and constant supply of pollen, pivotal for the maintenance of large populations of their shared pollinators, a cooperative strategy proven effective by high fruit yield rates (up to 79%). Reproductive success might be compromised for all species by the population decline of one of them, as it would tamper with the temporal orchestration of pollen offer.

Impact of Nitrogen Management Practices on Total Nitrogen in the Fruits of High Productive Hamlin Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498e-498
Author(s):  
S. Paramasivam ◽  
A.K. Alva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Orange Trees

For perennial crop production conditions, major portion of nutrient removal from the soil-tree system is that in harvested fruits. Nitrogen in the fruits was calculated for 22-year-old `Hamlin' orange (Citrus sinensis) trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) rootstock, grown in a Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) that received various N rates (112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N/ha per year) as either i) broadcast of dry granular form (DGF; four applications/year), or ii) fertigation (FRT; 15 applications/year). Total N in the fruits (mean across 4 years) varied from 82 to 110 and 89 to 111 kg N/ha per year for the DGF and FRT sources, respectively. Proportion of N in the fruits in relation to N applied decreased from 74% to 39% for the DGF and from 80% to 40% for the FRT treatments. High percentage of N removal in the fruits in relation to total N applied at low N rates indicate that trees may be depleting the tree reserve for maintaining fruit production. This was evident, to some extent, by the low leaf N concentration at the low N treatments. Furthermore, canopy density was also lower in the low N trees compared to those that received higher N rates.

scholarly journals Land-Use Impact on Stand Structure and Fruit Yield of Tamarindus indica L. in the Drylands of Southeastern Ethiopia

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Gizachew Zeleke ◽  
Tatek Dejene ◽  
Wubalem Tadesse ◽  
Pablo Martín-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Baseline Information

In this study, we evaluated stand status, dendrometric variables, and fruit production of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) trees growing in bushland and farmland-use types in dryland areas of Ethiopia. The vegetation survey was conducted using the point-centered quarter method. The fruit yield of 54 trees was also evaluated. Tree density and fruit production in ha were estimated. There was a significant difference in Tamarind tree density between the two land-use types (p = 0.01). The mean fruit yield of farmland trees was significantly higher than that of bushland trees. However, Tamarind has unsustainable structure on farmlands. Differences in the dendrometric characteristics of trees were also observed between the two land-use types. Predictive models were selected for Tamarind fruit yield estimations in both land-use types. Although the majority of farmland trees produced <5000 fruit year−1, the selection of Tamarind germplasm in its natural ranges could improve production. Thus, the development of management plans to establish stands that have a more balanced diameter structure and thereby ensure continuity of the population and fruit yields is required in this area, particularly in the farmlands. This baseline information could assist elsewhere in areas that are facing similar challenges for the species due to land-use change.

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