The biology of Canadian weeds. 98 Potentilla anserina L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miyanishi ◽  
O. Eriksson ◽  
R. W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Disturbance Ecology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Potentilla Anserina ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Sedge Meadows ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Potentilla anserina L., silverweed (Rosaceae), occurs in all provinces of Canada as well as in the two territories. Although generally found in wet sandy areas along rivers and on beaches, silverweed also occurs in waste areas, along roadsides, and in lawns. This shade-intolerant stoloniferous plant has recently become dominant in overgrazed sedge meadows of the Peace-Athabasca Delta, resulting in deterioration of portions of the primary range for wood bison in Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Alberta. This contribution presents both a review of the literature and some original data on the biology and ecology of the species. Key words: Silverweed, disturbance, ecology, herbaceous perennial, demography

CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF BRUNISOLIC SOILS OF NORTHERN ALBERTA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pawluk ◽  
J. D. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Soil Groups

Exploratory surveys of the Wood Buffalo National Park in Northern Alberta revealed the presence of vast tracts of brunisolic soils. These soils are of common occurrence in the low plains area adjacent to Lake Clare.The brunisolic soils included in this study belong to the Brown Forest, Brown Wooded, and Acid Brown Wooded Great Soil Groups. All profiles were characterized with respect to their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Special attention was directed to the Bf horizons where magnetic, amorphous (to X-ray) humus–iron micropellets were identified with the use of an electron microscope. The release of iron oxide from the weathering of iron-rich chlorites was also evident and is suggested as a mechanism by which the accretion of iron oxide to a pellet form could be explained. The possible genesis of these micropellets is fully discussed.

Genetic variation within and relatedness among wood and plains bison populations

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Wilson ◽  
C Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Dna Microsatellites ◽  
Island State ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

There are two recognized subspecies of bison, wood (Bison bison athabascae) and plains (Bison bison bison) bison. The establishment of most bison populations from a small number of individuals has raised concerns about their genetic variation. To this end, 11 bison populations were surveyed with 11 microsatellite loci in order to calculate genetic variation and genetic distances. Mean number of alleles ranged between 3.18 at Antelope Island State Park (Utah) and 6.55 at Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta and Northwest Territories). Mean heterozygosity ranged from 0.295 at Antelope Island State Park to 0.669 at Custer State Park (South Dakota). The amount of genetic variability present in the bison populations as measured by mean number of alleles and overall probability of identity was found to correlate with the number of founders for all sampled populations. The G-test for heterogeneity revealed some evidence for the existence of subpopulations at Wood Buffalo National Park, however very small genetic distances between these subpopulations suggest that nuclear material from the plains bison introduced into Wood Buffalo National Park has diffused throughout the park. Genetic distances between the sampled populations were generally larger between than within the two bison subspecies.Key words: Bison bison bison, Bison bison athabascae, DNA microsatellites, genetic variation, genetic relatedness.

scholarly journals A remarkable leaf mine induced by Tachygonus sp.n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini) on Erythroxylum subsessile (Erythroxylaceae) with a description of the new species

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
RF. Monteiro ◽  
MS. Nascimento ◽  
RM. Silva ◽  
HA. Hespenheide
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Great Abundance

In this study, we describe and present original data on the bionomics and ecology of Tachygonus erythroxyli Hespenheide, New Species, on Erythroxylum subsessile (Mart.). Thirty individuals of E. subsessile were analysed every two months, from October, 2006 to October, 2007 at the National Park of Restinga de Jurubatiba (PNRJ) Carapebus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Females of T. erythroxyli lay their eggs singly on the upper surface of the host's leaves. The mine of T. erythroxyli is expanded with three bubbles, each one representing one larval instar. These mines occur throughout the year in at least half of the host plants and are markedly more abundant in summer. We obtained three parasitoid species, making a total of 53% of the rate of parasitism. Cirrospilus sp. (Eulophidae) was the most prevalent and represented 88% of the parasitoids. The great abundance of Tachygonus mines, their high frequency in their host plant, and local monophagy of this leaf miner weevil suggest a close association between T. erythroxyli and Erythroxylum subsessile.

scholarly journals Mapping and evaluation of the state of conservation of the vegetation in and surrounding the Chapada Diamantina National Park, NE Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Richard Funch ◽  
Raymond Mervyn Harley ◽  
Ligia Silveira Funch
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Sedge Meadows ◽  
Management And Conservation

The Chapada Diamantina National Park (CDNP) was created in the midst of a densely populated area, and significant sections of the reserve are still undergoing processes of natural regeneration after intensive diamond mining activities were initiated in the mid-1800's. An up-to-date vegetation map was needed in order to indicate the types and distribution of regional vegetation assemblages in an easily interpretable manner and at an appropriate planning scale that could be easily consulted by decision makers and other interested groups at all levels of conservation (and development) planning. A vegetation map of the Chapada Diamantina National Park, and the areas immediately surrounding it, was prepared that: 1) delimits, describes, and maps the regional vegetation assemblages; 2) provides an indication of the degree of conservation of the mapped vegetation; 3) develops this information in a format that facilitates continued updating and revision as more information becomes available, enabling the monitoring of the evolution of the Park lands, and; 4) presents this information in a manner that can be easily interpreted and used for planning, management and conservation purposes. The resulting vegetation map revealed intensive anthropogenic disturbances in forested, savanna, and semi-arid areas subjected to intensive agricultural use outside of the Park boundaries. The National Park lands are generally well preserved but burning has replaced formerly extensive forest areas with open sedge meadows. In spite of intensive modification of the regional vegetation, two well preserved areas with high priority for conservation efforts beyond the National Park limits were identified and characterized. The vegetation mapping of the park itself can aid in the preparation of its management plan and in the reformulation of the existing boundaries of that reserve.

Wolves, Bison and the Dynamics Related to the Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
L. David Mech ◽  
L. N. Carbyn ◽  
S. M. Oosenbrug ◽  
D. W. Anions
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bradley ◽  
John Wilmshurst
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline of bison (Bison bison (L., 1758)) abundance in Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP). The "disease–predation" hypothesis proposes that tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis (Karlson and Lessel 1970)) and brucellosis (Brucella abortus (Schmidt 1901)) reduce bison survival and reproduction, resulting in a low-density, predator-regulated equilibrium. The "habitat dispersion hypothesis" proposes that bison in one area of WBNP, the Peace–Athabasca Delta (Delta), have an increased risk of predation because they are concentrated in large meadows with high temporal and spatial predictability. We incorporate bison census data, calf and yearling segregation counts, reproductive rates, adult survival rates, and adult disease incidence in a stochastic population model to show that the historical decline of bison in WBNP would have occurred regardless of disease prevalence. Our model shows that survival of juveniles, the age class that is least susceptible to disease effects, was likely an important determinant of historical changes in population size. We also demonstrate that the population decline was most pronounced in the Delta and that juvenile survival was lower in the Delta, despite evidence that disease incidence was lower in the Delta than in the rest of WBNP. Lastly, the current population trend in WBNP is one of rapid increase, even in the presence of disease.

scholarly journals The logging of a world heritage site: Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Timoney
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
River Valley ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

Logging of the riparian old-growth white spruce forests of Wood Buffalo National Park took place from 1951 to 1991. Operations were conducted in the Peace River valley in the Big Island block (Timber Berth (TB) 408) and the Peace Delta block, and in the Athabasca River valley. Approximately 70% of the pre-logging old-growth riparian forests have been lost to logging, leaving a remnant of ~100 km2 in the park, of which ~30 km2 are found in TB408. A minimum of 100 km2 has been logged from TB408. Natural regeneration has failed on 93% of these lands (9300 ha). The logging agreement, which expired in 1981, was renewed in 1983, the same year in which Wood Buffalo National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The history of logging in Wood Buffalo National Park is characterized by government mismanagement and industrial malpractice. There was never legal authority to log in Wood Buffalo National Park, as it contravened the National Parks Act (1930). The need for restoration is discussed. Key words: boreal, forestry, management, Peace River, riparian, white spruce, Wood Buffalo National Park

Dry grasslands in Wood Buffalo National Park: reply

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 918-921
Author(s):  
A G Schwarz ◽  
Ross W Wein
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Special Protection

In examining dry grassland areas of Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP), we used vascular plant indicators commonly found in the grassland landscapes in the southern and central parts of the Prairie Provinces. With distance northward the landscapes become increasingly tree-dominated and the dry grasslands have fewer dry grassland indicator species (about 40 in the area of WBNP) and become smaller in size (about 1 ha in WBNP). Key species are Stipa comata Trin & Rupr., Stipa curtiseta (A.S. Hitchc.) Barkworth, and Stipa columbiana Macoun on the drier sites. Paleontological records and historical documents suggest that these remnant dry grasslands must expand during decades of drought and must contract during decades of higher summer rainfall. We hypothesize that fires might enhance dry grassland expansion by stressing and killing trees and shrubs. Southern dry grassland vascular plant species represent over 7% of the total in WBNP. It is reasonable to hypothesize that these represent special ecotypes that deserve special protection through prescribed burning.Key words: remnant grasslands, Stipa spp., climate change.

Relations between tree-ring widths, climate, and annual area burned in the boreal forest of Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1746-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P.S. Larsen ◽  
G.M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

Ring-width chronologies from three white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and two jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) sites in the boreal forest of northern Alberta were constructed to determine whether they could provide proxy records of monthly weather, summer fire weather, and the annual area burned by wildfires in Wood Buffalo National Park. All but one of the standard and residual chronologies exhibited significant positive correlations with June precipitation in the growth year, and all but three of the chronologies exhibited positive correlations with precipitation in June, July, or August of the previous year. Three of the residual chronologies also exhibited negative correlations with June temperature in the growth year. Four of the standard and residual chronologies exhibited significant correlations with the Seasonal Severity Rating fire weather variable from Fort Smith, N.W.T. Four of the standard chronologies and three of the residual chronologies exhibited significant correlations with the annual area burned in Wood Buffalo National Park. Significant correlations were also found for some of the standard and residual chronologies with fire weather and annual area burned in the previous year. These results suggest that ring widths and annual area burned in this portion of the boreal forest are sensitive to similar weather conditions. Tree-ring records may therefore provide a useful means of examining decadal to centennial length relations between climate and annual area burned in the boreal forest.

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