Effect of drought stress on residual transpiration and its relationship with water use of wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
A. G. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Residual Transpiration

Increasing the water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum spp.) has long been a goal in semiarid areas. Low rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration are thought to improve yield potential of wheat under dry conditions, although the linkage is tenuous. The objective of this work was to investigate the association of residual transpiration with water use, WUE, and leaf water status in hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) and tetraploid (T. turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown under two watering regimes in two glasshouse experiments. Single plants were grown in 0.1-m × 1-m (0.1-m × 0.5-m in exp. 2 low-stress treatment) PVC tubes filled with soil. The watering regimes consisted of weekly replenishment of water used (low stress), or addition of sufficient water to ensure plant survival (high stress). At anthesis, flag leaf residual transpiration (rate of water loss from excised leaves), stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (exp. 1 only) were measured. Water use was not correlated with residual transpiration rate in either experiment. Residual transpiration rate did not differ for the two stress treatments in exp. 1, but there were significant (P < 0.01) genotype by stress treatment interactions. Residual transpiration rate was not related to plant water status (leaf RWC or osmotic potential) as had been reported in other studies. Key words: Cuticular transpiration, water use efficiency, Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. var. durum

Potential yield and water-use efficiency benefits in sorghum from limited maximum transpiration rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Limitations on maximum transpiration rates, which are commonly observed as midday stomatal closure, have been observed even under well-watered conditions. Such limitations may be caused by restricted hydraulic conductance in the plant or by limited supply of water to the plant from uptake by the roots. This behaviour would have the consequences of limiting photosynthetic rate, increasing transpiration efficiency, and conserving soil water. A key question is whether the conservation of water will be rewarded by sustained growth during seed fill and increased grain yield. This simulation analysis was undertaken to examine consequences on sorghum yield over several years when maximum transpiration rate was imposed in a model. Yields were simulated at four locations in the sorghum-growing area of Australia for 115 seasons at each location. Mean yield was increased slightly (5–7%) by setting maximum transpiration rate at 0.4 mm h–1. However, the yield increase was mainly in the dry, low-yielding years in which growers may be more economically vulnerable. In years with yield less than ∼450 g m–2, the maximum transpiration rate trait resulted in yield increases of 9–13%. At higher yield levels, decreased yields were simulated. The yield responses to restricted maximum transpiration rate were associated with an increase in efficiency of water use. This arose because transpiration was reduced at times of the day when atmospheric demand was greatest. Depending on the risk attitude of growers, incorporation of a maximum transpiration rate trait in sorghum cultivars could be desirable to increase yields in dry years and improve water use efficiency and crop yield stability.

Influence of biochar and microorganisms co-application on the remediation and maize productivity in cadmium-contaminated soil.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasih Ullah Haider ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sardar Alam Cheema ◽  
Noor ul Ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract The synergistic effects of biochar and microorganisms on the adsorption of Cd and on cereal plant physiology remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to evaluate the combined effects of biochar pyrolyzed from (maize-straw (BC1), cow-manure (BC2), and poultry-manure (BC3), and microorganisms including (T. harzianum L. and B. subtilis L.), to evaluate, how incorporation of biochar positively influences microorganisms growth and nutrients uptake in plant, and how it mitigates under various Cd-stress levels (0, 10, and 30ppm). Cd2 (30 ppm) had the highest reduction in the intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate, which were 22.36, 34.50, 40.45, 20.66, 29.07, and 22.41% respectively lower than control Cd0 (0 ppm). Sole application BC, resulted in enhanced intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate were recorded in BC2, which were 7.27, 20.54, 23.80, 5.96, 13.37, and 13.50% respectively greater as compared to control and decreased the Cd-concentration in root and shoot of maize by 34.07 and 32.53%, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, among sole microorganism’s inoculation, minimized the Cd-concentration in shoot, root, and soil by 23.77, 20.15, and 10.35% respectively than control. These results suggested that integrated application of cow manure biochar BC2 and inoculation of microorganisms MI3 as soil amendments had synergistic effects in improving the adsorption of nutrients and decreasing the Cd-uptake in maize, and enhancing the physiology of plant grown in Cd-polluted soils as opposed to using either biochar or inoculating microorganisms alone.

Effect of irrigation and defoliation on the herbage production and water use efficiency of four temperate pasture species

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Johns ◽  
A Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Similar Quantity

Measurements were made over a 12-month period of the herbage production of both dryland and irrigated monoculture swards of four temperate pasture species under two defoliation regimes. By relating herbage production to the previously reported water use results for these swards, water use efficiencies (WUE) have been computed. Dryland clover produced 2000 kg/ha less herbage than did the dryland grasses, although it used a similar quantity of water. Consequently, the WUE of dryland clover was substantially less than that of the dryland grasses. Under dryland conditions, fescue not only produced more herbage, but also used water more efficiently than did the other species. Similar amounts of irrigation enabled the clover to yield an extra 6000 kg/ha of herbage compared with a mean grass response of 1760 kg/ha. The irrigated clover swards generally used water much more efficiently than the dryland clover swards. In contrast, the grasses generally used water with similar efficiency under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Under both irrigated and dryland conditions the frequently defoliated swards usually outyielded those cut infrequently as well as making more efficient use of water. The response of pastures to irrigation is discussed in terms of the effects of irrigation on the water status of the plants and the availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere.

EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF WATER BY THE LEAVES OF SOY PLANTS: TRADITIONS AND NEW CRITERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(56)) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
O.A. Harchuk ◽  
A.F. Kirillov ◽  
A.B. Budak
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Photosyn Thesis ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
New Criteria

The aim of the study was to assess the traditional and new criteria for evaluating water use efficiency (WUE) of soybean leaves by comparing different parameters from instantaneous measurements (WUEi) with the WUE at the field level, as well as studying WUEi-parametres in daily dynamics. Studies were performed using photosyn-thesis and transpiration rate monitor PTM-48A to soybean plants (variety Amelina) in pots with sufficient water supply. It was concluded that as close as possible to WUE field value (0,80 g seeds per kg H2O) is the evaluation of the WUEias a ratio of respiration per unit of water transpired. Estimation of leaf WUEiaccording to previously known parameters does not correspond to field level WUE

Overexpression of an aquaporin gene PvPIP2;9 increased leaf length, improved drought tolerance and water use efficiency and affected other PIP2 genes’ expression in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wuwu Wen ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Qiyu Lu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a prime candidate for non-grain-based bioenergy feedstock production. Improved the drought tolerance and higher water use efficiency are important traits for its successful field establishment and production especially in marginal land. Aquaporins are key channels and regulators for water transportation and maintenance of cellular water status. In this study, the functional role of an aquaporin gene, PvPIP2;9, in switchgrass drought tolerance was studied.Results: Expression of PvPIP2;9 was regulated by the diurnal oscillation and osmotic stress. Constitutive over-expressing PvPIP2;9 in switchgrass significantly improved its drought tolerance and water use efficiency with less electrolyte leakage rates but higher relative water contents, photochemical efficiencies, and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, expression patterns of all 14 switchgrass PIP2 subfamily genes were checked in wildtype and transgenic plants during the water-withdrawal treatment, and the result showed that over-expressing PvPIP2;9 also affected transcript levels of most other PIP2 genes. Conclusions: Together, this study showed that improved drought tolerance and higher water use efficiency can be achieved by manipulating the expression level of PvPIP2;9 and also suggested PIP2 subfamily genes were transcriptionally regulated in a coordinated manner.

scholarly journals Brachiaria physiological parameters in agroforestry systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Vitória Santos ◽  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Valadão ◽  
Fabiana Lopes Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Vitor Diniz Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the effects of Eucalyptus and maize shading on characteristics related to water use by Brachiaria in agroforestry systems. Treatments were arranged in a split-split-plot design, with plots consisting of different spacing between Eucalyptus plants (12.0×2.0m and 12.0×4.0m), split-plots of different distances between Brachiaria and Eucalyptus (6.0, 4.0, and 2.0m), and split-split-plots of Brachiaria sowing sites (maize row and inter-row). One treatment with Brachiaria under full sunlight was included. Bread grass intercropping in maize inter-rows associated with the densest Eucalyptus spacing and bread grass proximity to Eucalyptus tree crowns adversely affected the stomatal conductance, internal carbon, and transpiration rate of bread grass. Water use efficiency of bread grass intercropped in maize rows decreased, regardless of the Eucalyptus plot design and distance between forages and trees.

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