WILD MUSTARD CONTROL IN SUNFLOWER WITH FLURTAMONE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN ◽  
D. A. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Sunflower Seedling ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Flurtamone applied preplant soil incorporated at 0.6 and 0.8 kg a.i. ha−1 selectively controlled wild mustard, Brassica kaber (DC) Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) Wheeler, in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ’Hybrid Sun M20’) in field experiments at Morden, Manitoba from 1987 to 1989. Mixtures of flurtamone and trifluralin or ethalfluralin did not reduce the efficacy of flurtamone and controlled a broad range of annual weeds. Flurtamone had no significant effect on sunflower seedling emergence, achene yields, achene weight, achene density, or oil content.Key words: Wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, Brassica kaber, sunflower, Helianthus annuus, flurtamone, RE-40885

WILD MUSTARD CONTROL IN SUNFLOWER WITH AC 222,293

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Seed Yields

AC 222,293, a 2:3 mixture of [methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-m-toluate] and [methyl 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-p-toluate], effectively controlled wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ’Hybrid Sun M 20’) in field experiments at Morden, Manitoba. Applications of 0.10 kg ha−1 at the two- to four-leaf stage of sunflower resulted in over 90% control of wild mustard. Later applications required progressively higher dosages for similar control levels. Sunflower tolerance to AC 222,293 at the rates studied was excellent with no significant effect on seed yields, seed weight, seed density and oil content of the seed.Key words: Wild mustard, Sinapis arvenis, sunflower, Helianthus annuus, AC 222,293.

Seasonal cycles in germination and seedling emergence of summer and winter populations of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husrev Mennan ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Catchweed bedstraw and wild mustard each produce two populations per year: a winter population (WP) in June, and a summer population (SP) in September. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the WP and SP differ in seed mass and seasonal germination. Seeds of both weeds were buried at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm in cultivated fields, and retrieved at monthly intervals for 24 mo for germination tests in the laboratory. Additionally, seedling emergence from seeds buried at 0, 5, and 10 cm in the field was evaluated for 1 yr. Seeds from the WP were heavier than those from the SP for both species. Germination of exhumed seeds was affected by burial depth and by seed population. It was highest for seeds that remained on the soil surface and declined with increasing depth of burial. The WP of catchweed bedstraw produced two germination peaks per year, whereas the SP and all populations of wild mustard had only one peak. The WP of both weeds germinated earlier than the SP. Seedling emergence for both species in the field was greater for the WP than for the SP. Increasing soil depth reduced seedling emergence of both the WP and SP of wild mustard and affected only the WP of catchweed bedstraw. We conclude that the WP and SP of catchweed bedstraw and wild mustard seeds used in this study differed in seed mass, seasonal germination, and seedling emergence. The ability of a WP to produce large seeds that germinate early and have two germination peaks per year could make these populations a serious problem in cropping systems.

Germination ecology of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and its implications for weed management

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aseemjot Singh ◽  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Differential Adaptation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a widespread weed of the southeastern cropping region of Australia. Seed germination ecology of S. arvensis populations selected from different climatic regions may differ due to adaptative traits. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, light, radiant heat, soil moisture, salt concentration, and burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of two [Queensland (Qld) population: tropical region; and Victoria (Vic) population: temperate region] populations of S. arvensis. Both populations germinated over a wide range of day/night (12 h/12 h) temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C), and had the highest germination at 30/20 C. Under complete darkness, the Qld population (61%) had higher germination than the Vic population (21%); however, under the light/dark regime, both populations had similar germination (78 to 86%). At 100 C pretreatment for 5 min, the Qld population (44%) had higher germination than the Vic population (13%). Germination of both populations was nil when given pretreatment at 150 and 200 C. The Vic population was found tolerant to high osmotic and salt stress compared with the Qld population. At an osmotic potential of −0.4 MPa, germination of Qld and Vic populations was reduced by 85% and 42%, respectively, compared with their respective control. At 40, 80, and 160 mM sodium chloride, germination of the Qld population was lower than the Vic population. Averaged over the populations, seedling emergence was highest (52%) from a burial depth of 1 cm and was nil from 8 cm depth. Differential germination behaviors of both populations to temperature, light, radiant heat, water stress, and salt stress suggests that populations of S. arvensis may have undergone differential adaptation. Knowledge gained from this study will assist in developing suitable control measures for this weed species to reduce the soil seedbank.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of lead by Helianthus annuus: effect of mobilising agent application time

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Safari Sinegani ◽  
F. Khalilikhah
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Edta Concentration ◽  
Sunflower Seedling ◽  
Severe Growth

Pot experiments were conducted to determine the best time for application of (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) EDTA and sheep manure extract (SME) in phytoremediation of a contaminated soil by <I>Helianthus annuus</I>. The plant was grown in a mine calcareous soil treated with increasing concentrations of EDTA or SME in 30 and 10 days before sowing (T1 and T2) and 10 and 30 days after sowing (T3 and T4). The best time for EDTA application was T4. The EDTA application before seed germination significantly reduced sunflower seedling emergence and dry weight. Soil available Pb and lead concentrations in plant organs increased with EDTA concentration but the actual amount of phytoextracted Pb decreased at high EDTA concentrations significantly, due to severe growth depression. SME application after sowing can increase plant dry weight and Pb concentration in the soil solution, enhancing the accumulated metal concentrations in shoots and roots. However the results showed that the most efficient treatments for Pb phytoextraction by sunflower are applications of 0.5 and 2 g EDTA/kg soil at T3 and T4, respectively.

Fall and Spring Applications of Trifluralin and Metribuzin in Fababeans (Vicia faba)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Betts ◽  
I. N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of fall and spring pre-plant incorporated applications of trifluralin (α,α,α-tri-fluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)-one] alone and in combinations on crop tolerance, seed yield, and weed control in fababeans (Vicia fabaL. ‘Diana’). Trifluralin applied either in the fall or the spring resulted in acceptable control of green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.] and wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) while metribuzin resulted in excellent control of wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L.C. Wheeler]. In 2 out of 3 yr, a tank-mixture of trifluralin plus metribuzin applied in the fall at 1.4 and 0.4 kg/ha, respectively, resulted in significantly larger seed yield than the same combination applied at 1.1 and 0.3 kg/ha in the spring. Although the fall treatments generally resulted in higher seed yields, there was no consistent difference in weed densities between fall and spring applications. In both field and growth room studies, trifluralin reduced the injury to fababeans from metribuzin. A postemergence application of metribuzin in the spring at 0.3 kg/ha following a fall-application of trifluralin resulted in good wild mustard control but caused considerable crop damage. Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2dioxide] controlled wild mustard effectively with no injury to the crop.

Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) Control in Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) with Fluorochloridone

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Annual Grasses

Fluorochloridone {3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrrolidinone} effectively controlled wild mustard (Sinapis arvensisL. # SINAR) in sunflowers (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Hybrid 894′). Preemergence (pre) treatments were more effective than preplant-incorporated (ppi) treatments at rates of 0.3 to 1.1 kg ai/ha. Applied as a foliar spray, fluorochloridone at rates of 0.12 to 0.25 kg ai/ha controlled 96% or more of wild mustard but some crop injury occurred. When fluorochloridone was mixed with trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] or EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) and applied ppi, several annual grasses as well as wild mustard were controlled.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS APPLIED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFECTO DE FUENTES ORGANICAS E INORGANICAS DE SUSTANCIAS NUTRITIVAS APLICADAS EN PARTICULAR Y EN COMBINACIONES SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO Y EL RENDIMIENTO DE GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFET DES ENGRAIS DE SOURCE S ORGANIQUE ET INORGANIQUE ADMINISTRÉS ISOLÉMENT OU EN COMBINAISON SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LE RENDEMENT DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
G. Nanjundappa ◽  
B. Shivaraj ◽  
S. Janarjuna ◽  
S. Sridhara
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Yield Parameters

SUMMARY Field experiments have been conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients applied alone or in combination on the growth and yield of sunflower. Application of a recommended dose of fertilizer (62.5:75:62.5 kg NPK ha-1) coupled with 10 t ha-1 of farmyard manure has recorded highest seed and stalk yields of sunflower. Growth and yield parameters were also favorably influenced by the application of the recommended dose of fertilizer coupled with farmyard manure. Seed oil content was not influenced by the application of organic or inorganic sources of nutrients.

Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelouhab Mesbah ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
K. James Fornstrom ◽  
David E. Legg
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Two furrow irrigated field experiments were conducted for two years at the Research and Extension Center, Powell, WY to determine the influence of various mixed densities and durations of wild oat and wild mustard interference in sugarbeet. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced by competition from all examined densities of wild oat and wild mustard, alone and in combination. Root yield reduction was less than additive with mixed densities of wild oat and wild mustard. Root yields decreased as the duration of interference after sugarbeet emergence from a mixed density of wild oat and wild mustard increased. Sucrose content of sugarbeet was not altered by competition. Based on regression analysis, the minimum time that a mixed density of 0.8 wild mustard and 1 wild oat/m of row can interfere with sugarbeet before causing an economic root yield loss was approximately 1.6 weeks after sugarbeet emergence.

EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY AND SEEDING DATE ON EARLY- AND LATE-MATURING SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
W. DEDIO
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Plant Densities

Field experiments were conducted in 1983, 1984 and 1986 to determine the response of Sun M 20 (early) and 894 (late) sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to three plant densities (30 000, 45 000 and 60 000 plants ha−1) at two seeding dates (18–24 May and 13–16 June). With increase in plant density, achene yields followed the same trends in each seeding date for both hybrids. Yields were similar at the 30 000 and 45 000 plant densities, but lower at the 60 000 density. Plant height and oil content of achenes increased while achene weight decreased with increase in plant density. Plant height was greater but achene weight, oil content and achene yield were lower in the late than the early seeding.Key words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., plant density, seeding date

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