INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF BORON AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF MAIZE GROWN IN REFINED SAND

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CHATTERJEE ◽  
P. SINHA ◽  
S. C. AGARWALA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Starch Phosphorylase ◽  
Combined Deficiency

Boron-phosphorus interaction was observed in maize (Zea mays L. ’Ganga 2’) when grown in refined sand at three levels of boron, deficient (0.0033 mg L−1), normal (0.33 mg L−1) and excess (3.3 mg L−1), each at three levels of phosphorus, deficient (0.17 m mol L−1), normal (1.5 mmol L−1) and excess (4 m mol L−1). The effects of phosphorus deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry matter, soluble protein, DNA, activity of ribonuclease and increase in the activities of peroxidase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase) were intensified by a combined deficiency of boron and phosphorus. The effects of boron deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry weight, leaf boron and DNA and increase in starch content and in the activities of starch phosphorylase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) become more intense in the treatment-deficient B-excess P. The decreases caused by excess phosphorus (i.e., dry weight, starch and sugar content, DNA, RNA and activity of ribonuclease) were aggravated by combined excess of boron and phosphorus.Key words: Zea mays, maize, boron and phosphorus nutrition

scholarly journals Influence of Sett Treatments on Biochemical, Weed, Physiological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass [CO (BN)5]

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (september) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshini S V ◽  
◽  
Jayanthi C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Phenolics Content

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the influence of sett treatment on biochemical parameters, weed parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of bajra Napier hybrid grass. The results of the experiment indicated that on biochemical parameters, sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1) recorded higher reducing sugars (28.89 mg/g), total sugar (34.83 mg/g) and starch content (45.83 mg/g). Whereas the lower non reducing sugar content (5.94 mg/g) and total phenolics content (1.65 mg/g) were also observed with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). Similarly, on weed parameters, significantly lower weed density (9.90 No./m2) and weed dry weight (12.92 g/m2) was recorded with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). On physiological parameters, significantly higher leaf area index (28.98), relative water content (87.85 %) was registered with water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1). Among sett treatments, water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1) had registered higher nitrogen (192.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (33.0 kg ha-1) and potassium (112.9 kg ha-1) uptake.

scholarly journals Seed Ontogeny and Nonstructural Carbohydrates of Cycas micronesica Megagametophyte Tissue

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Nirmala Dongol
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Starch Concentration

The profile of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) was quantified to determine sugar and starch relationships of megagametophyte tissue during Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seed ontogeny. Field work occurred in northern Guam where megastrobili were marked and dated as they emerged from stem apices of plants in a natural population. Seeds were harvested beginning 6 months after megastrobili emergence and continuing until 28 months, and gametophyte tissue was separated from the remainder of each seed. Carbohydrates within lyophilized gametophyte tissue were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The levels of glucose and fructose declined from a high at 6 months to a homeostasis at 11 months, and the levels of sucrose similarly declined from 6 months to a homeostasis at ≈14 months. Starch content exceeded sugar content and increased from 6 months to reach a homeostasis at ≈18 months. Maltose was not detected in any sample. Stoichiometric quotients changed dramatically until ≈14 months, when they became fairly stable until 28 months. Starch concentration was ≈5-fold greater than sugar concentration at 6 months, and increased to ≈15-fold greater than sugar concentration by 28 months. Total NSC in mature megagametophytes was almost 70% on a dry weight basis. Our results are in agreement with the biological function of this haploid tissue, as copious carbohydrate resources are readily available to support embryo and seedling growth.

DRY WEIGHT, SOLUBLE SUGAR CONTENT, AND STARCH CONTENT OF MAIZE KERNELS DURING THE EARLY POSTSILKING PERIOD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Maize Kernels

Kernel development was studied in the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444, grown in a controlled-environment growth room. A method was employed in which husks were excised, and kernels were removed from the same set of ears at several subsequent sampling dates. This method did not affect the dry matter accumulation of the remaining kernels. Basal kernels (kernel numbers 6–15 in the row) and tip kernels (kernel numbers 31–40) were removed at 2-day intervals during the period from 10 to 20 days postsilking. Dry weight, ethanol-soluble sugar content, and starch content were determined for each sample. Accumulation of dry matter in the tip kernels ceased in a fraction of the United-H106 ears at the onset of the period of linear tip-kernel dry matter accumulation. Only small differences were observed in sugar content between growing and non-growing tip kernels of ears of United-H106. Starch appeared to continue to accumulate in kernels in which dry matter had ceased to accumulate. Except for a delay of approximately 2 days, the pattern of development of tip kernels in Funk’s G-4444 was similar to that of kernels at the base.

scholarly journals Effect of soluble silica fertiliser on total sugar, protein, starch content along with amylase and cellulase activity in banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Tasneem Rangwala ◽  
Angurbala Bafna ◽  
Nagesh Vyas ◽  
Rohan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Silica

Fertilisers have become an important factor used by farmers to increase yield and improve product quality. Earth’s crust carries a large amount of elemental silicon. However, silicon is not considered an essential element for plant growth therefore is not included in fertilisers. Silicon has shown to enhance the growth and productivity of various crops. The present study aimed to explore the potential of soluble silica in improving the biochemical parameters of banana (Grand naine variety). The field experiment was conducted at Ropni Vasaad village, Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh from August 2017 to September 2018. Silica was supplied as potassium silicate in the liquid form under the trade name AgriboosterTM. Doses were administered at the interval of one month starting from planting the tissue culture explants till harvesting the final crop. Eight treatments were designed which included three different concentration of soluble silica applied alone and with combination with compound fertilisers. Control was without any treatment. A significant increase in fresh and dry weight was observed with all the treatments. All the combinations of soluble silica resulted in significant increase in starch and total sugar content. The protein content showed significant increase with treatments consisting of soluble silica and compound fertiliser. Cellulase and amylase activity declined on treatment with soluble silica. The present study reveals that if soluble silica is either applied alone or with compound fertiliser, it can enhance the biochemical parameters and can indirectly delay ripening of banana by altering activity of cellulase and amylase.

The effect of sample date and plant density on the carbohydrate content of forage maize and the changes that occur on ensiling

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McAllan ◽  
R. H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

SummaryThe (early maturing) maize hybrid, Anjou 210, was sown on 1 May (1975) and 50000 (LD) and 150000 (HD) plants/ha established. Leaf, stem, ear and husk components of the shoots, and whole shoots were separately examined for changes in dry weight, soluble sugars, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose at regular intervals from 104 to 154 days after planting together with whole shoots after ensiling.Throughout the sampling period whole shoot and ear dry weights increased steadily whereas those of leaf and stem decreased in plants from both treatments.Total soluble sugar contents for plants grown at LD were at a maximum 104 days after planting compared with 125 days after planting for the HD crop. Immediately prior to ensiling whole shoot soluble sugar content was 74 and 93 g/kg D.M. for LD and HD treatments respectively.Small amounts of starch (g/kg D.M.) were found in stems (10–25), husks (40–80) and leaves (17–35) of plants grown at both densities. The starch content of the ear increased from 57 to 390 g/kg D.M. and 168 to 376 g/kg D.M. in plants grown at LD and HD respectively.For plants from both treatments hemicellulose contents of husks, leaves and whole shoots increased with age whereas those of stems decreased. Cellulose contents did not vary greatly over the growing season.On ensiling plants from both densities, total soluble sugars had virtually disappeared after only 3 days. Apparent losses (approximately 0·3 g/g), over a longer period of time, were observed in hemicellulose sugars and starch. Apparent increases were observed in cellulose contents of approximately 0·15 g/g.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

POTENSI HASIL JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata, Sturt) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKET TEKNOLOGI PUPUK DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH

Jurnal BiBieT ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Surtinah Surtinah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Treatment Design ◽  
Fertilizer Technology

<p>Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui paket teknologi yang memberikan produksi jagung manis varietas Master Sweet yang terbaik.  Rancangan Perlakuan yang diuji adalah paket teknologi pupuk Bio Extrim dan ZPT Hormax yang terdiri dari delapan taraf, dan rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan uji beda rata-rata perlakuan DMRT pada p 0.5.    Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa paket teknologi dengan pemberian Hormax tanpa Bio Extrim menghasilkan kadar gula yang terbaik.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>The aim of the research was to find out the technology package that gives the best Sweet Sweet varieties production. The treatment design tested was the Bio Extreme fertilizer technology package and the Hormax ZPT consisting of eight levels, and the environmental design used was a complete randomized design with the difference test of the average DMRT treatment at p 0.5. The results showed that the technology package with Hormax without Bio Extreme resulted in the best sugar content</em></p>

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic and Sugar Profiles of Date Fruits Extracts from Six Different Algerian Cultivars as Influenced by Ripening Stages and Extraction Systems

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Malika Tassoult ◽  
Djamel Edine Kati ◽  
María África Fernández-Prior ◽  
Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria ◽  
Juan Fernandez-Bolanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
First Time

The study investigated the phenols, sugar and the antioxidant capacities of date fruit extracts obtained by organic solvents and by hydrothermal treatment from six different Algerian cultivars at two ripening stages for the first time. The analyzed cultivars exhibited potent antioxidant properties (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacities) and different phenols regardless of the solvents and the maturity stages. About 18 phenols were identified and quantified, mainly in the hydrothermal extracts. The earlier stages were characterized by high amounts of o-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and luteolin, with a noticeable absence of quercetin. The tamr stage presented the highest sugar content (78.15–86.85 mg/100 mg dry weight (DW)) with an abundance of glucose. Galactose was present only in some cultivars from the kimri stage (tamjouhert). Uronic acids were mostly detected at the tamr stage (4.02–8.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 mg dried weight). The obtained results highlight the potential of using date fruit extracts as natural antioxidants, especially at industrial scales that tend use hydrothermal extraction.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

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