RELATIONSHIP OF EXCISED-LEAF WATER LOSS RATE AND YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
I. ROMAGOSA ◽  
S. JANA ◽  
J. P. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

The rate of water loss (RWL) from excised leaves has been proposed as a screening technique to identify wheat genotypes adapted to dry growing conditions. The relationship of RWL and grain yield was studied in 100 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown at two locations in Canada and three locations in Syria. Fifty of the genotypes were chosen on the basis of low RWL and 50 on the basis of high RWL. Growing season precipitation ranged from 73 to 356 mm. Genotypes with low RWL yielded more than those with high RWL in four of the five driest environments in nine site-years of study. Yield of the low RWL genotypes ranged from 40 to 150% greater than that of the high RWL genotypes at the four sites. The high RWL group did not yield more than the low RWL group (P < 0.05) in any of the site-years. Glaucousness confounded interpretation of the results, since the low RWL group tended to be more glaucous than the high RWL group. Separation of the genotypes into high and low glaucousness groups showed that the high group yielded more than the low group in the three driest Canadian sites and in the wettest site in Syria. Low RWL and high glaucousness were associated with delayed leaf senescence in dry environments. It was concluded that low RWL contributes to high yield under dry growing conditions, and does not exhibit a metabolic carbon cost under more favorable precipitation regimes.Key words: Cuticular transpiration, Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, glaucousness, leaf senescence

scholarly journals Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Hafid Aberkane ◽  
Ahmed Amri ◽  
Bouchra Belkadi ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
Jan Valkoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Environment Interaction

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is mostly grown in Mediterranean type environments, characterized by unpredictable rainfall amounts and distribution, heat stress, and prevalence of major diseases and pests, all to be exacerbated with climate change. Pre-breeding efforts transgressing adaptive genes from wild relatives need to be strengthened to overcome these abiotic and biotic challenges. In this study, we evaluated the yield stability of 67 lines issued from interspecific crosses of Cham5 and Haurani with Triticum dicoccoides, T. agilopoides, T. urartu, and Aegilops speltoides, grown under 15 contrasting rainfed and irrigated environments in Morocco, and heat-prone conditions in Sudan. Yield stability was assessed using parametric (univariate (e.g., Bi, S2di, Pi etc) and multivariate (ASV, SIPC)) and non-parametric (Si1, Si2, Si3 and Si6) approaches. The combined analysis of variance showed the highly significant effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI). The environments varied in yield (1370–6468 kg/ha), heritability (0.08–0.9), and in their contribution to the GEI. Several lines derived from the four wild parents combined productivity and stability, making them suitable for unpredictable climatic conditions. A significant advantage in yield and stability was observed in Haurani derivatives compared to their recurrent parent. Furthermore, no yield penalty was observed in many of Cham5 derivatives; they had improved yield under unfavorable environments while maintaining the high yield potential from the recurrent parent (e.g., 142,026 and 142,074). It was found that a limited number of backcrosses can produce high yielding/stable germplasm while increasing diversity in a breeding pipeline. Comparing different stability approaches showed that some of them can be used interchangeably; others can be complementary to combine broad adaption with higher yield.

scholarly journals Water Loss during Contracture of Muscle

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kaminer
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Tetanic Stimulation ◽  
Force Of Contraction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of contracture and exudation of water in frozenthawed frog muscle was studied. With maximum shortening, there was a water loss of 35 per cent of the weight of muscle. By restricting the contraction, it was demonstrated that the amount of water loss was proportional to the degree of shortening, there being no significant loss with isometric contraction. Muscle already shortened by tetanic stimulation also exuded water on subsequent freezing and thawing. The force of contraction could be reduced by depleting the muscle of calcium and it was shown that the amount of water exuded was also proportional to the tensile ability of the muscle. In a smooth muscle (anterior byssus retractor of Mytilus) which did not contract vigorously only a little water exuded. Contracture produced by caffeine was similarly associated with a loss of water. Microscopic studies revealed a disruption of the sarcomeres of the frozen-thawed muscle which contracted; glycerol-extracted and calcium-depleted muscles, which did not contract on freeze-thawing, did not show such disruption. Freezing and thawing of actomyosin caused a reversible syneresis of the protein. It is concluded that the exudation of the water is not merely due to the freezing and thawing but is also dependent on the contractile events.

scholarly journals Gnosis and metacognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Michail Murashkin
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
True State ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Divine Transcendence ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with gnosis and features of metacognition. Initially, the Gnostics considered whether the term "gnosis" was used, what knowledge did they gain from certain experiences. The subject matter of the study reveals important features of the human psyche. For example, the property of separating one’s self from the external environment is like seeing oneself from the side. This property empowers a person in communicating with other people. This expanded opportunity purifies the human being, because it leads to self-control. During vegetable growing, conditions of a special nature can be experienced by themselves. The Gnostics also spoke about it.The article states that the philosophy of gnosis operates through belief in the special inner world of man, the higher world. But this higher can only be felt when a person is in a state of enstasis as a compensatory trance.The article compares the gnosis of the ancient world with modern philosophical trends. Here, in the descriptions of the inner world of man, the divine transcendence is demonstrated. In this regard, the Gnostics sought knowledge of the true state of mind. This search is engaged in metacognition.The author of the article considers it necessary to clarify what metacognition is. A person has the ability to understand what he or she is thinking. Scientists call it metacognition. Metacognition is when a person feels the world not through the prism of his thoughts, but directly. We can also see this in Gnostics with deep compensatory enstasis, or compensatory trance. Then the person stands apart, because it breaks all the wrong connections. Gnosis tries to capture the knowledge of all these processes. Metacognition helps to establish certain characteristics of compensatory trance, to establish characteristics of compensatory illumination. Compensatory illumination may occur in a state of a particular type of trance. Therefore, the article tries to look at the relationship of compensatory trance and compensatory illumination.

A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhui Xiong ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Abstract Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.

Commander durum wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
N. P. Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gluten Strength ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Durum Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area

Commander durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high yield, high grain pigment concentration, and very strong gluten properties. Commander is a semidwarf with strong straw, and has similar maturity and disease resistance to other registered durum cultivars. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. var durum, durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, gluten strength, disease resistance

scholarly journals Wood Structure in Relation to Growth in Eucalyptus Gigantea Hook. F

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLA mos ◽  
JW Bisset ◽  
HE Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Woody Tissue ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Half Height ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A survey has been made of the structure of the wood of Eucalyptusgigantea Hook. f. in relation to growing conditions in the Australian CapitalTerritory. Using the number of cells cut off by the cambium at various intervalsduring the growing season as a measure of growth, mathematical expressionshave been obtained for growth in young trees at ground level, breast height,.and half height; from these, growth rate curves have been derived. The timeof year at which growth commences, the relationship of vessel production tocommencement of growth, the formation of late wood, and the period of dormancyhave all been considered in detail. Variations in fibre dimensions havebeen investigated in relation to growth and it has been shown that in anyonegrowth ring the shortest fibres are found in the early wood and the longest inthe late wood. An intrinsic relationship between growth rate and fibre dimensions�has been established, and, at the junction between late and early wood, asudden change in fibre dimensions occurs corresponding to the discontinuity ingrowth rates. Anomalous woody tissue formed during severe drought conditionsis also described.

KYLE DURUM WHEAT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH ◽  
L. A. PATTERSON ◽  
R. M. DEPAUW ◽  
C. W. B. LENDRUM ◽  
G. E. McCRYSTAL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
High Level

Kyle durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) combines high yield with good quality and a high level of disease resistance. It is adapted to the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of Alberta and Saskatchewan. It was licenced 28 June 1984. Breeder seed of Kyle will be maintained by the Agriculture Canada Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Saskatchewan.Key words: Durum wheat, cultivar description

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