LEAF NUMBER ESTIMATION FROM SHOOT DRY WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS FOR TWO TURFGRASS SPECIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
C. P. M. WRIGHT ◽  
J. L. EGGENS ◽  
K. CAREY ◽  
R. J. HINES
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The objective of this study was to determine if total plant leaf numbers in a large data set could be predicted from individual plant shoot dry weight measurements using regression equations derived from a subset of the data. The species used were annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. ’Penncross’). There was significant correlation between leaf number and shoot dry weight measurements in data subsets. Leaf numbers for the total data set were estimated by the regression equation derived from a subset consisting of pooled data from one, two or three replicates. This procedure was assessed by comparing predictions from regression equations with actual values, using a number of different sets of replicates to generate the regression equation. On the basis of the results we suggest that, for annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass in greenhouse pot culture, this procedure can be used to accurately estimate leaf number data for remaining replicates within an experimental design, once regression coefficients are established from pooled data from two replicates.Key words: Leaf number estimation, shoot dry weight, annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass

scholarly journals Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass Response to Varying Levels of Iron

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xu ◽  
Charles F. Mancino
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Half Strength

Many biotypes of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) are found on golf course putting greens. Although normally considered an invasive weed, annual bluegrass can provide as good a putting surface as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). The most desirable biotypes of annual bluegrass are primarily vegetative and have a low flowering frequency. Whether the nutritional requirements of annual bluegrass biotypes differ from one another or from creeping bentgrass is unknown. The response of three flowering (FAB, high seedhead production) and three vegetative (VAB, low seedhead production) biotypes of annual bluegrass (AB), and the three parents of `Penncross' creeping bentgrass (CB) to varying levels of iron (Fe) in greenhouse sand culture was investigated. After establishment, clones were grown for 3 weeks and irrigated with a half-strength Hoagland's solution containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg·L-1 Fe in citrate-Fe. Shoot and root responses to Fe were similar for the VAB and FAB biotypes. However, VAB had higher color ratings (darker green leaf color) with Fe treatment level at 4 mg·L-1 than did FAB or CB, which required 6 mg·L-1 Fe for acceptable color. Growth of creeping bentgrass was greater than that of annual bluegrass at every Fe level tested. Shoot dry weights of CB increased significantly with Fe treatment level up to 6 mg·L-1. Shoot dry weight of AB increased up to 4 mg·L-1 Fe and then declined at ≥6 mg·L-1. Root growth of CB increased up to 6 mg·L-1 Fe, but then decreased significantly at 8 mg·L-1 Fe. Root growth of AB increased slightly up to 4 mg·L-1 Fe and then declined at 6 and 8 mg·L-1. Shoot tissue concentrations of Fe were similar for AB and CB at each Fe rate tested except at 8 mg·L-1 Fe, where Fe levels in CB were significantly lower. Based on this work, creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass respond differently to Fe nutrition, but different biotypes of annual bluegrass appear to respond similarly.

Foliar and Root Absorption and Translocation of Bispyribac-sodium in Cool-season Turfgrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Sodium Tolerance

Response of creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass to foliar, soil, or foliar plus soil applications of bispyribac-sodium was evaluated in greenhouse studies. Soil-alone and foliar plus soil applications of bispyribac-sodium at 148 or 296 g ai/ha resulted in greater injury and shoot dry weight reduction of all species 28 d after treatment (DAT) compared to foliar-alone treatments. Creeping bentgrass was less injured than annual or Kentucky bluegrass regardless of application placement. Further studies evaluated foliar and root absorption and translocation of14C-bispyribac-sodium in creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and roughtstalk bluegrass. Foliar absorption into creeping bentgrass was less than that of other species at most harvest timings from 4 to 72 h after treatment. Annual and roughstalk bluegrass translocated greater amounts of foliar-absorbed14C to the crown and shoots compared to creeping bentgrass. Annual and roughstalk bluegrass accumulated approximately 47% more14C per dry weight of plant tissue than creeping bentgrass and 74% more than Kentucky bluegrass after 72 h in nutrient solution containing14C-bispyribac-sodium. Annual and roughstalk bluegrass translocated approximately 80% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, whereas creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass translocated slightly less (66% of absorbed for both species). These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium is readily absorbed by roots and translocated to shoots which may contribute to its total activity within a plant. In addition, creeping bentgrass displayed lower amounts of foliar and root absorption and subsequent translocation than annual and roughstalk bluegrass which may contribute to greater bispyribac-sodium tolerance displayed by creeping bentgrass.

THE EFFECT OF ETHEPHON ON ANNUAL BLUEGRASS AND CREEPING BENTGRASS GROWTH

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. EGGENS ◽  
C. P. M. WRIGHT ◽  
D. P. MURR ◽  
K. CAREY
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Pot Culture

Under pot culture and field conditions, ethephon at rates up to 8 kg ha−1 was more injurious to annual bluegrass than to Penncross creeping bentgrass. Ethephon significantly decreased the quality, spreading ability and shoot weight of annual bluegrass, whereas sward quality of the creeping bentgrass grown in pot culture was increased, spreading ability was unaffected and shoot dry weight decreased. Increasing the number of applications at all concentrations increased injury to annual bluegrass and a single application at 1 kg ha−1 reduced annual bluegrass seedhead production.Key words: Poa annua, Agrostis palustris, ethephon, sward quality

scholarly journals Zinc Requirements of Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xu ◽  
Charles F. Mancino
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is becoming an important component of golf course putting greens. A greenhouse sand culture experiment was conducted to study the zinc (Zn) requirements of three genotypes of flowering annual bluegrass (FAB) and three genotypes of vegetative annual bluegrass (VAB), which were compared with the three parents of `Penncross' creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. (CB)]. Clonally propagated plants were grown in sand culture without Zn for 6 weeks prior to the initiation of the Zn treatments. The plants were then irrigated for 3 weeks with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 40 mg·L-1 Zn from ZnSO4. Color was the only parameter affected by genotype; each genotype showed a significant quadratic response to increasing levels of Zn, with highest color ratings occurring at 2.5 mg·L-1. No genotypic differences were observed among CB, VAB, and FAB for shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, or shoot tissue Zn concentrations. Shoot dry weight of all genotypes increased quadratically with Zn levels. Root dry weights of both VAB and FAB increased, while that of CB remained unchanged, as Zn level increased. Zinc concentrations in shoot tissue increased linearly as Zn level increased. Shoot Zn concentrations were higher in both VAB and FAB than in CB at each Zn level, but differences between VAB and FAB were insignificant. Maintaining shoot Zn concentrations below 109 mg·kg-1 in CB and 200 mg·kg-1 in VAB or FAB prevented Zn phytotoxicity from occurring.

Cross-Validation of Regression Equations to Predict Performance in a Pursuit Tracking Task

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Ricky E. Savage ◽  
Robert C. Williges ◽  
Beverly H. Williges
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Pursuit Tracking ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Time To Learn

A double, cross-validation procedure was used to validate regression equations which predict training time to learn a two-dimensional pursuit tracking task. Motor skill and information processing tasks were used as predictors. The results yielded a reliable regression equation for each training condition, and these equations were quite similar in cross-validation. Subsequently, a regression equation based on pooled data from the original and cross-validation sample was calculated for each training condition. To establish the usefulness of a regression approach for selecting training strategies, these equations will be used in a future study where students will be matched, mismatched, and randomly assigned to various training alternatives.

Influence of wear-stress on turfgrass growth components and visual density ratings

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
D. J. Cattani ◽  
K. W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Combined Data

This study compared the relationship between visual density ratings and various turfgrass growth components using the combined data of 10 creeping bentgrass clones exposed to or not exposed to simulated foot-type wear-stress. Measurements were determined on 28 June, 12 July, and 2 Aug. 1985. There was a trend towards a reduction, rarely significant, in all turfgrass growth components measured due to simulated wear. Significant reductions in the visual density ratings occurred for the 12 July and 2 Aug. rating dates. There was no difference in the relationship between visual density ratings and the turfgrass growth components due to applied wear-stress. Visual density ratings were correlated to tiller number and leaf number and inversely to dry weight/tiller. Tiller number and leaf number are linearly related. Key words: Agrostis stolonifera, creeping bentgrass, visual density rating, tiller number, leaf number, simulated wear

Integration among ramets of Trifolium repens

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Neighbour Effects ◽  
Stolon Length

Cuttings of Trifolium repens were grown in pots without neighbours. When individual interconnected stolons from these cuttings were directed into adjacent pots so that daughter ramets were growing with different grass neighbours, these neighbouring grasses had dissimilar effects on leaf number, leaf size, percent branching of nodes, stolon length, and shoot dry weight. When the T. repens cuttings were grown in pots with neighbours, the effects of different grass neighbours on subsequent growth of stolons and ramets evened out. Key words: integration, clone, ramet, neighbour effects, Trifolium repens.

scholarly journals Relating Plant Architecture to Eggplant Fruit Quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Marketable Fruit

A 2-year study was conducted at Bixby, OK, to examine shoot characteristics of several eggplant (Solanum melongena) cultivars, including the vertical distribution patterns of fruit production, and to examine possible relationships of these traits to aspects of fruit quality. Plants of 11 cultivars of purple-fruited eggplant were field-grown following local production practices. Fourteen harvests of fruit that had reached horticultural maturity were made from 99 plants in each year over a period of ≈45 days per year. On each harvest date, every fruit that was harvested from an individual plant was charted. Before a fruit was severed from the plant, heights were measured from the soil surface to the pedicel attachment and to the blossom end. Each fruit was then weighed and categorized for marketability. On the day after the final harvest, each data plant was measured for height and diameter of the main stem and then severed at soil level for subsequent measurement of shoot dry weight. ‘Classic’, ‘Dusky’, ‘Megal’, and ‘Santana’ were the only cultivars that produced more than 50% marketable fruit in both years. There were no consistent relationships between plant height, stem diameter, or shoot dry weight and fruit quality. For a given cultivar, the fruiting plane was defined as the vertical space in which fruit were found over the course of the harvest period. This was delimited at the top by the mean height above the soil of the point of pedicel attachment and at the bottom by the mean height above the soil of the blossom end. The cultivars differed in fruiting planes, but height of fruit set was relatively unimportant as a determinant of overall fruit quality. Cull fruit usually had blossom ends that were higher off the ground than marketable fruit. The primary reason for cull fruit production was determined for two cultivars: ‘Black Beauty’ had poor fruit color and ‘Black Bell’ was relatively susceptible to fruit rot (primarily caused by Phomopsis vexans). Fruit scarring was found to be a major contributor to cull fruit production. Cultivars differed in fruit scarring in 1 of 2 years, and there was evidence that scarred fruit occurred higher in the crop canopy than marketable fruit.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Tectona grandis using Different Potting Mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
G. E. Omokhua ◽  
C. Fredrick ◽  
C. N. Okakpu
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Aims: This study evaluated the influence of 11 potting media compositions on seedling growth and development of Tectona grandis. Study Design: The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design involving ten replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nursery, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2019 and April 2020. Methodology: Ten (10) seedlings per sowing media including topsoil, topsoil and cow dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and poultry dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and pig dung (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and sawdust (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and mushroom substrate (2.1, 3:1) were selected and transplanted into polybags. Growth parameters (seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass (shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW) and total dry weight (TDW)) were determined and subjected to analysis of variance. Results: Seedlings of T. grandis displayed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass. Among treatments, tallest seedlings were observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1), at months 1 to 3 and in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1) at months 4 and 5, highest root collar diameter was observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1) and highest leaf number was recorded in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1 and 3:1) and topsoil and cow dung (2:1 and 3:1) at months 1 to 5. The highest SDW was evident in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1) while highest RDW and TDW were observed in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1). Lowest height, diameter, leaf number and biomass were recorded in topsoil (control) at months 1 to 5. Conclusion: The results revealed that among the tested mixtures, topsoil and poultry dung and topsoil and cow dung mixtures were the best for seedlings growth of T. grandis.

scholarly journals Do Cell Size and Age Influence Growth and Yield of Containerized Onion Transplants?

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 597f-597
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Charles S. Vavrina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Large Size

The effect of cell volume and age of `Texas Grano 1015Y' onion transplants on survival, growth, and yield were evaluated. Transplant ages and cell volume were 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks (W) and 6.5 cm3 and 20.0 cm3 in Florida; and 6, 8, 10, and 12W, and 4.0 and 7.1 cm3 in Texas. In Florida, total yields were unaffected by transplant age and cell volume, but jumbo size bulbs increased with increasing age from 5 to 9W in 6.5 cm3 cells. Bulb size increased significantly for 11W transplants only in 20.0 cm3 cells. In Texas, survival was reduced for 6W compared to ≥8W transplants. At planting, root count increased linearly with age. Cell volume did not affect root count, plant height, or leaf number, but shoot dry weight was greater in 7.1 cm3 compared to 4.0 cm3. Total jumbo and large size yields were highest for ≥10W in 7. 1 cm3 and ≥8W in 4.0 cm3 cells. Total yields were unaffected by cell size but seedlings in 4.0 cm3 had a 16% decrease of jumbo size compared to 7.1 cm3. The use of 10 and 12W transplants produced in small cell sizes may be viable for onion establishment.

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