ANALYSIS OF SPECTRAL DATA FOR COMPARING RANGELAND AND CULTURAL PRACTICES IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
S. SMOLIAK ◽  
G. ASRAR ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Mixed Prairie

Spectral reflectance characteristics of rangeland provide quantitative and qualitative information which can be useful for assessing range condition and phytomass. The data set in this study consisted of phytomass estimates and ground-based reflectance measurements in four wave bands between 0.5 and 1.1 μm taken from eight range improvement treatments near Lethbridge, Alberta from April through July in 1983 and 1984. The treatments consisted of subjecting native range to reseeding with grasses or legumes and fertilizer and herbicide additions. Spectral reflectance was highly correlated (R2 = 0.82 – 0.99) with the seasonal trajectory of phytomass production in spite of low amounts of green vegetation and high amounts of senescent vegetation. The data were analyzed by determining the relationship between accumulated phytomass and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation calculated from canopy reflectance. The regression coefficient of this relationship was an estimate of photochemical efficiency. The estimates of photochemical efficiency (1.09 and 0.76 g MJ−1 in 1983 and 1984, respectively) were lower than those reported in the literature (1.4 g MJ−1), presumably due to moisture stress in both years.Key words: Mixed prairie, short-grass, biomass, phytomass, remote sensing

scholarly journals Plant ecophysiological processes in spectral profiles: perspective from a deciduous broadleaf forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hibiki M. Noda ◽  
Hiroyuki Muraoka ◽  
Kenlo Nishida Nasahara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Leaf Optical Properties ◽  
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

AbstractThe need for progress in satellite remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems is intensifying under climate change. Further progress in Earth observations of photosynthetic activity and primary production from local to global scales is fundamental to the analysis of the current status and changes in the photosynthetic productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, we review plant ecophysiological processes affecting optical properties of the forest canopy which can be measured with optical remote sensing by Earth-observation satellites. Spectral reflectance measured by optical remote sensing is utilized to estimate the temporal and spatial variations in the canopy structure and primary productivity. Optical information reflects the physical characteristics of the targeted vegetation; to use this information efficiently, mechanistic understanding of the basic consequences of plant ecophysiological and optical properties is essential over broad scales, from single leaf to canopy and landscape. In theory, canopy spectral reflectance is regulated by leaf optical properties (reflectance and transmittance spectra) and canopy structure (geometrical distributions of leaf area and angle). In a deciduous broadleaf forest, our measurements and modeling analysis of leaf-level characteristics showed that seasonal changes in chlorophyll content and mesophyll structure of deciduous tree species lead to a seasonal change in leaf optical properties. The canopy reflectance spectrum of the deciduous forest also changes with season. In particular, canopy reflectance in the green region showed a unique pattern in the early growing season: green reflectance increased rapidly after leaf emergence and decreased rapidly after canopy closure. Our model simulation showed that the seasonal change in the leaf optical properties and leaf area index caused this pattern. Based on this understanding we discuss how we can gain ecophysiological information from satellite images at the landscape level. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of ecophysiological remote sensing by satellites.

Exploring fake news identification using word and sentence embeddings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
V.T Priyanga ◽  
J.P Sanjanasri ◽  
Vijay Krishna Menon ◽  
E.A Gopalakrishnan ◽  
K.P Soman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Liar

The widespread use of social media like Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, etc. has changed the way News is created and published; accessing news has become easy and inexpensive. However, the scale of usage and inability to moderate the content has made social media, a breeding ground for the circulation of fake news. Fake news is deliberately created either to increase the readership or disrupt the order in the society for political and commercial benefits. It is of paramount importance to identify and filter out fake news especially in democratic societies. Most existing methods for detecting fake news involve traditional supervised machine learning which has been quite ineffective. In this paper, we are analyzing word embedding features that can tell apart fake news from true news. We use the LIAR and ISOT data set. We churn out highly correlated news data from the entire data set by using cosine similarity and other such metrices, in order to distinguish their domains based on central topics. We then employ auto-encoders to detect and differentiate between true and fake news while also exploring their separability through network analysis.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. McLaughlin ◽  
D.J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ambient Ozone

Seasonal growth patterns of mature loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees over the interval 1988–1993 have been analyzed to evaluate the effects of ambient ozone on growth of large forest trees. Patterns of stem expansion and contraction of 34 trees were examined using serial measurements with sensitive dendrometer band systems. Study sites, located in eastern Tennessee, varied significantly in soil moisture, soil fertility, and stand density. Levels of ozone, rainfall, and temperature varied widely over the 6-year study interval. Regression analysis identified statistically significant influences of ozone on stem growth patterns, with responses differing widely among trees and across years. Ozone interacted with both soil moisture stress and high temperatures, explaining 63% of the high frequency, climatic variance in stem expansion identified by stepwise regression of the 5-year data set. Observed responses to ozone were rapid, typically occurring within 1–3 days of exposure to ozone at ≥40 ppb and were significantly amplified by low soil moisture and high air temperatures. Both short-term responses, apparently tied to ozone-induced increases in whole-tree water stress, and longer term cumulative responses were identified. These data indicate that relatively low levels of ambient ozone can significantly reduce growth of mature forest trees and that interactions between ambient ozone and climate are likely to be important modifiers of future forest growth and function. Additional studies of mechanisms of short-term response and interspecies comparisons are clearly needed.

Ecology of the Leaf-cutter Bee Megachile perihirta Ckll. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Relation to Production of Alfalfa Seed

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Flight Period ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Distribution Frequency

The relative importance as pollinators of alfalfa of each of the 14 species of Megachile that occur in southern Alberta has been assessed on the basis of Alberta distribution, frequency and abundance in mixed prairie, nesting habits, pollen preferences, and flight period; two ground-nesting species of the subgenus Xanthosarus Rob., Megachile perihirta Ckll. and M. dentitarsus Slad., were judged the principal pollinators (Hobbs and Lilly, 1954).

Predicting lean meat yield in beef cattle using ultrasonic muscle depth and width measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., S. P. Miller ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

The value of live ultrasound longissimus dorsi depth and width measurements as predictors of estimated carcass lean meat yield of steers (CARLEAN-S) and bulls (CARLEAN-B) was studied. In trial 1, equations were developed to predict estimated lean meat yield of steers (n = 116) from carcass weight (Eq. 1) or liveweight (Eq. 2), fat depth and l. dorsi area or liveweight, fat depth and l. dorsi depth × width (Eq. 3). Equation 1 was most precise (RSD = 25.6 g kg-1), followed by Eq. 2 (RSD = 27.8g kg-1) and Eq. 3 (RSD = 30.2g kg-1). Equations 2 and 3 predicted CARLEAN-S with similar accuracy (SEP = 23.8 vs. 24.9 g kg-1, respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89) in an independent data set (n = 118). Repeatability and accuracy of pre-slaughter l. dorsi depth and width measurements were studied in yearling bulls (trial 2; n = 191). When ultrasound measurements were expressed as a percentage of the average ultrasound measurement, repeatabilities of l. dorsi depth (SER = 6.2 to 7.8%) and width (SER = 4.2 to 6.1%) measurements were similar to fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SER = 17.9 and 4.5%, respectively). When ultrasound measurements were compared to the corresponding carcass measurements, l. dorsi depth (SEP = 10.3 to 13.9%) and width (SEP = 6.7 to 8.5%) measurements were as accurate as fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SEP = 32.9 and 8.4%, respectively). Equations were developed to predict CARLEAN-B of yearling bulls (n = 82) from liveweight, 12th rib ultrasound fat depth and either l. dorsi depth × width measurements (Eqs. 4 and 5) or two l. dorsi depth measurements (Eq. 6). All equations had similar precision (RSD = 19.4 to 19.5 g kg-1) and predicted CARLEAN-B similarly (SEP = 25.0, 24.6 and 26.1g kg-1 for Eqs. 4, 5 and 6, respectively) in an independent data set (n = 109). All equations were highly correlated (r ≥0.97) with an equation using ultrasound fat depth and l. dorsi area in the independent data set. Longissimus muscle depth and width measurements were as valuable as l. dorsi area for predicting carcass composition of yearling beef bulls in the present study. Key words: Ultrasound, beef cattle, carcass traits

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis Procedures for Canopy Spectral Reflectance Data of Seashore Paspalum under Traffic Stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Robert N. Carrow ◽  
Ronny R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Optimum Position

Traffic stresses often cause a decline in turfgrass quality. Analysis of spectral reflectance is valuable for assessing turfgrass canopy status. The objectives of this study were to determine correlations of narrow band canopy reflectance and selected reflectance indices with canopy temperature and turf quality for seashore paspalum exposed to wear and wear plus soil compaction traffic stresses, and to evaluate the effects of the first derivative of reflectance and degree of data smoothing (spectral manipulations) on such correlations. `Sea Isle 1' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) was established on a simulated sports field during 1999 and used for this study. Compared to original reflectance, the first derivative of reflectance increased the correlation coefficient (r) of certain wavelengths with canopy temperature and turf quality under both traffic stresses. Among 217 wavelengths tested between 400 and 1100 nm, the peak correlations of the first derivative of reflectance occurred at 661 nm and 664 nm for both canopy temperature and turf quality under wear stress, respectively, while the highest correlations were found at 667 nm and 820 to 869 nm for both variables under wear plus soil compaction. Collectively, the first derivative of reflectance at 667 nm was the optimum position to determine correlation with canopy temperature (r > 0.62) and turf quality (r < -0.72) under both traffic stresses. All correlations were not sensitive to degrees of smoothing of reflectance from 400 to 1100 nm. A ratio of R936/R661 (IR/R, Infrared/red) and R693/759 (stress index) had the strongest correlations with canopy temperature for wear (r = -0.63) and wear plus soil compaction (r = 0.66), respectively; and a ratio of R693/R759 had the strongest correlation with turf quality for both wear (r = -0.89) and wear plus soil compaction (r = -0.82). The results suggested that the first derivative of reflectance could be used to estimate any single wavelength simultaneously correlated with multiple turf canopy variables such as turf quality and canopy temperature, and that the stress index (R693/R759) was also a good indicator of canopy stress status.

scholarly journals Analysis of Co-Expression Module of Liver Metastasis Genes in Colorectal Cancer and Mining of Potential High-Expression Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehu Wang ◽  
Nie Li ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Xiaoping Yin ◽  
Yongchang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis ◽  
Functional Annotations ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Expression Module

Abstract AimsThe Hub genes highly related to the disease were found from the gene co-expression module, and the potential high expression genes were analyzed to predict the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, so as to provide reference for subsequent targeted therapy.MethodsIn this study, we used the public data set of GEO database (GSE50760) to analyze the gene co-expression of liver metastasis of colon cancer, primary colon cancer and normal colon tissue (54 cases) and 50 cases of clinical cases. The functional annotations based on GO database are enriched, and the functional annotations of five gene modules are obtained through the enrichment of biological processes. Then the data mining is carried out to find the sub-networks with high adjacency in the gene co-expression network. At the same time, these sub-networks are annotated to find oncogenes related to liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.ResultsThis experiment found that KRAS, APC, FBXW7, PIK3CA, TP53 were highly correlated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Finally, two protein genes STAT1 and MAPK1 were found by MCODE, which may be highly correlated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Two new genes with high expression proteins found in this experiment have potential cancer, which has not been reflected in previous studies.ConclusionAccording to clinical data, KRAS, APC, FBXW7, PIK3CA, TP53 are related to colorectal cancer liver metastasis, and the analysis of the data set shows that STAT1 and MAPK1 are not only related to colorectal cancer liver metastasis oncogene but also related to clinically obtained genes.

The use of wavelet transforms for improved interpretation of airborne transient electromagnetic data

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. E117-E123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Nenna ◽  
Adam Pidlisecky
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Power Maps ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Cultural Noise

The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to create maps of dominant spatial scales in airborne transient electromagnetic (ATEM) data sets to identify cultural noise and topographic features. The introduced approach is applied directly to ATEM data, and does not require the measurements be inverted, though it can easily be applied to an inverted model. For this survey, we apply the CWT spatially to B-field and dB/dt ATEM data collected in the Edmonton-Calgary Corridor of southern Alberta. The average wavelet power is binned over four ranges of spatial scale and converted to 2D maps of normalized power within each bin. The analysis of approximately 2 million soundings that make up the survey can be run on the order of minutes on a 2.4 GHz Intel processor. We perform the same CWT analysis on maps of surface and bedrock topography and also compare ATEM results to maps of infrastructure in the region. We find that linear features identified on power maps that differ significantly between B-field and dB/dt data are well correlated with a high density of infrastructure. Features that are well correlated with topography tend to be consistent in power maps for both types of data. For this data set, use of the CWT reveals that topographic features and cultural noise from high-pressure oil and gas pipelines affect a significant portion of the survey region. The identification of cultural noise and surface features in the raw ATEM data through CWT analysis provides a means of focusing and speeding processing prior to inversion, though the magnitude of this affect on ATEM signals is not assessed.

Integrated prestack depth migration of vertical seismic profile and surface seismic data from the Rocky Mountain Foothills of southern Alberta, Canada

Geophysics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1782-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Graziella Kirtland Grech ◽  
Don C. Lawton ◽  
Scott Cheadle
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profile ◽  
Prestack Depth Migration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Vsp Data

We have developed an anisotropic prestack depth migration code that can migrate either vertical seismic profile (VSP) or surface seismic data. We use this migration code in a new method for integrated VSP and surface seismic depth imaging. Instead of splicing the VSP image into the section derived from surface seismic data, we use the same migration algorithm and a single velocity model to migrate both data sets to a common output grid. We then scale and sum the two images to yield one integrated depth‐migrated section. After testing this method on synthetic surface seismic and VSP data, we applied it to field data from a 2D surface seismic line and a multioffset VSP from the Rocky Mountain Foothills of southern Alberta, Canada. Our results show that the resulting integrated image exhibits significant improvement over that obtained from (a) the migration of either data set alone or (b) the conventional splicing approach. The integrated image uses the broader frequency bandwidth of the VSP data to provide higher vertical resolution than the migration of the surface seismic data. The integrated image also shows enhanced structural detail, since no part of the surface seismic section is eliminated, and good event continuity through the use of a single migration–velocity model, obtained by an integrated interpretation of borehole and surface seismic data. This enhanced migrated image enabled us to perform a more robust interpretation with good well ties.

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA FOR SEED

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. KROGMAN ◽  
E. H. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

In field plot experiments conducted in southern Alberta over a 6-yr period, highest seed yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Beaver) were obtained with one or two irrigations in the first half of the growing season. In outdoor lysimeters protected from rain, moisture stress for more than 8 days before seed ripening severely reduced seed production. Under field conditions, stored soil moisture from irrigation during the vegetative stage of growth plus occasional rain in July and August permitted irrigation of alfalfa for seed to be stopped at the bud to early bloom stage (June to early July).

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