GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS, YIELD COMPONENTS AND RATE OF GRAIN DEVELOPMENT OF TWO HIGH-YIELDING WHEATS, HY320 AND DT367, COMPARED TO TWO STANDARD CULTIVARS, NEEPAWA AND WAKOOMA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. CUTFORTH ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
Y. W. JAME ◽  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
R. M. DePAUW
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Kernel Growth

A high-yielding Canada Prairie Spring (CPS cv. HY320) semi-dwarf wheat and a high-yielding durum line (DT367) were compared to standard hard red spring (cv. Neepawa) and durum (cv. Wakooma) wheats to assess the basis for the yield differences and to examine soil moisture use. The study was carried out under dryland (moisture used from seeding to harvest was 287 mm), partial irrigation (moisture used was 374 mm) and full irrigation (moisture used was 547 mm) on a loam soil at Swift Current during 3 yr. Phenological development was delayed as much as 30 d by improved moisture conditions. At ligule of last leaf visible (LLV), HY320 had one or two more green leaves on the main tiller than did Neepawa; Wakooma generally had one more leaf than DT367. However, leaf area index was generally not different among cultivars. Harvest index was greater for the higher yielding cultivars even though cultivars did not differ in total aboveground dry matter. HY320 generally had the highest grain yield, followed by DT367, Wakooma and Neepawa. Neepawa consistently had the most heads per unit area at harvest but, because of high kernel numbers per head, HY320 produced the greatest number of kernels per unit area; as well, HY320 had large kernels; thus, it had the highest yield potential under optimum growing conditions. HY320 had the highest base temperature (Tb) for kernel growth and the highest kernel growth rates immediately after anthesis; consequently, HY320 kernels completed growth with the lowest accumulated degree days above Tb. DT367 had the highest potential kernel weight and Neepawa the lowest. There were no differences among the cultivars in the amount of moisture used between seeding and harvest.Key words: Wheat (Spring), yield components, grain development, moisture use, growing degree days, harvest index

Comparative kernel growth and yield components of two- and six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare) under terminal drought simulated by defoliation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Vesna Kandić ◽  
Miroslav Zorić ◽  
Emilija Nikolić-Đorić ◽  
Ana Nikolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Kernel Growth ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown in sites with low rainfall and high temperature during grain filling. Because spike architecture is one of basic footprints of barley domestication, the importance of spikes in adaptation to different environments or abiotic stresses can be hypothesised. In order to compare different barley spike types in terms of kernel growth and yield components, we tested 15 two-row and 10 six-row winter genotypes in eight environments where terminal drought was simulated by defoliation at 7 days after heading (7 DAH). Control plants were grown intact. On average, two-row genotypes outyielded six-row genotypes by 17% under control conditions and 33% under simulated late drought. Observations of kernel dry weights from 7 DAH through to harvest maturity at 5-day intervals were regressed onto a measure of thermal time. After preliminary evaluation of four nonlinear (S-shaped) models for kernel dry-weight accumulation, the ordinary logistic model was deemed the most appropriate in most cases and was finally applied to all plant-growth curves. Four parameters were estimated from the logistic model. Whereas two earliness estimators (inflection point and thermal time needed to reach maximum kernel weight) were similar for the two barley types, maximum kernel weight (Ymax) and mean rate of kernel growth (RG) were higher (P<0.05) in two-row than in six-row barleys. Differences in Ymax and RG among six-row barley genotypes were greater between control and defoliation treatments than between years, whereas among two-row barley genotypes, differences between years were greater, suggesting better stability of six-row types and better drought tolerance of two-row types in the tested barley set.

scholarly journals Trellising System and Cane Density Affect Yield and Fruit Quality of Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Vanden Heuvel ◽  
John T.A. Proctor ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Southern Ontario

Trellising and cane density treatments were applied to vigorous raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Titan plants in Southern Ontario to determine their effects on yield, yield potential, and canopy microclimate during the 1997 and 1998 seasons. The trellising treatments compared were hedgerow (control), V-trellis, and single-sided shift-trellis (shift-trellis). Cane densities (9, 16, 23, and 30 canes/m2) were established before budbreak each season. The treatments significantly affected yield and yield components. Path analysis indicated that interrelationships among yield components were significantly affected by trellising system. In the second season, plants trained on the V-trellis yielded more than did those in a hedgerow system, while those trained on a shift-trellis had the lowest yield because of a smaller fruiting framework. Fruit quality was lower on the shifttrellis than in the other two systems. These differences were related to light penetration into the three canopies. While an optimum cane density was not found for any system, the maximum cane density (30 canes/m2) produced the highest yields. Yield potential per cane decreased as cane density increased; however, the increase in cane number compensated for this decrease, resulting in an increase in total yield per unit area. Fruit quality also decreased as cane density increased, but cane density did not affect canopy microclimate.

Effect of Intensity and Timing of Defoliation on Growth, Yield Components and Grain Yield in Maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
N'Guettia R. Yao ◽  
Kabrah Yeboua ◽  
Angbonou Kafrouma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Emergence Rate

SummaryEarly season defoliation of maize significantly reduced plant height and leaf area index but leaf number and leaf emergence rate were not affected. Ear development was significantly affected by both early and late season defoliation although tassel development was barely influenced. Silk growth was the phase of ear development most sensitive to defoliation. Early season defoliation significantly reduced all yield components, leading to yield losses ranging from 54 to 100%. The position of the leaves which were removed had an important effect on the final grain yield. Harvest index was affected by both the intensity and timing of defoliation.

scholarly journals Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Two-Rowed of Barley (Hordeum vulgare convar. distichon) Varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine BUDAKLI CARPICI ◽  
Necmettin CELIK
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Spike Number

This research sought to determine the correlations between grain yield and yield components and to measure the direct and indirect effects of yield components on grain yield in barley by using correlation coefficient and path analysis methods, respectively. This research was conducted with ten varieties of two-rowed barley under the ecological conditions of the coastal zone of northwest Turkey during the years 2003-2004. Agronomic traits such as grain yield, plant height, spike length, kernel number per spike, kernel weight per spike, spike number per m2, harvest index and 1000-kernel weight were determined. The data from two years were combined. Correlation analyses indicated that the grain yield was positively and significantly associated with all the yield components except 1000-kernel weight. The highest correlation coefficients were found between grain yield and kernel number per spike (r = +0.406), and between grain yield and harvest index (r = +0.474). Results of path analyses indicated that harvest index had the greatest direct effect (+0.7716) on grain yield followed by spike number per m2 (+0.3359) and kernel number per spike (+0.2081). Percentages of their direct effect were 71.97%, 48.47% and 28.22%, respectively. On the other hand, most of the indirect effects of yield components on grain yield were found to be significant and positive. Because of the significant effects of the harvest index, spike number per m2 and kernel number per spike on grain yield, they may be regarded as criteria for barley improvement and breeding programs.

scholarly journals Physiological and Morphological Responses of Cassava Genotypes to Fertilization Regimes in Chromi-Haplic Acrisols Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Sydney Mwamba ◽  
Peter Kaluba ◽  
Dany Moualeu-Ngangue ◽  
Etti Winter ◽  
Martin Chiona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of three cassava genotypes on yield, physiology and morphological traits under different fertilization regimes. A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design for two consecutive seasons in the Mansa district of the Luapula Province of Northern Zambia in the highly weathered Chromi-haplic Acrisol soils. Four fertilization regimes, control-M3, lime-M1, NPK fertilizer-M4 and NPK fertilizer + lime-M2 were the main plots, while three varieties (Mweru-V1, Bangweulu-V2 and Katobamputa (local)-V3) were subplots. Periodic measurements of leaf area index, light interception, yield and yield components from 75 days after planting (DAP) up to 410 DAP and daily weather measurements of data were recorded. Fertilization significantly increased the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and light extinction coefficient (K) in two seasons compared to the control. Significant fertilization regimes and varietal effects were observed for seasonal LAI, stem yield, root yield, biomass, harvest index (HI), tuber number, root diameter, plant height and SPAD (chlorophyll index). A significant year’s effects on root yield, yield components and physiological performances were observed while significant fertilization × variety interaction was observed on seasonal LAI, tuber number, root diameter, plant height and SPAD. Significant fertilization × year interaction effects were observed on root yield, yield components and physiological performances. Variety × year interaction was significant for seasonal LAI, stem yield, harvest index and plant height and no three-way interactions were observed on all the traits. NPK fertilizer + lime and NPK fertilizer treatments may be adopted to increase the response of cassava varietal yield, physiology and morphological traits in low soil nutrient conditions under high rain-fed conditions.

ESTIMATING YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT FROM CALCULATED SOIL MOISTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Baier ◽  
Geo. W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Insight Into

Yield components of a wheat crop, namely number of heads per unit area, number of kernels per head and 1000-kernel weight, were related to soil moisture estimated from a meteorological budgeting procedure using only standard climatic data. Several soil-moisture variables, such as moisture content in the root zone from jointing to heading, significantly affected all three yield components and thereby final grain yields. The calculated yield components did not give better estimates of grain yields than those obtained directly from soil-moisture variables, but they did provide a better insight into the relationships between soil moisture, other climatic variables and grain yields at each of the eight stations across Canada. The practical use of a soil-moisture climatology based on the established relationships between estimated soil moisture and yield components is discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of Yield and Some Yield Components of The Registered Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars of Turkey in Van Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-597
Author(s):  
İlhan ZİREK ◽  
Necat TOĞAY
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Biological Yield

This study was conducted to determine cultivars which grown at Van Gurpinar ecological conditions and their some important agricultural and plant properties in 2013 year in center of Gurpinar. In the study was used 13 cultivars which officially registered such as Bulduk, Akın, Göynük, Karacaşehir 90, Arslan, Özdemir, Önceler, Battal, Zülbiye, Göksun, Akman 98, Akdağ and Güngör and 2 genotypes (Gevaş 1 and Gevaş 2). The trial was conducted by using randomized complete blocks design with the three replications. In the study were investigated sowing times on plant height, first pod height, numbers of branches, numbers of pod per plant and numbers of seed per plant, numbers of seed per pod, seed yield per unit area, harvest index, biological yield and 1000 seed weight. While the highest seed yield per area was obtained from Bulduk varieties with 360.4 kg da-1, the lowest seed yield per area was obtained from Önceler with 201.6 kg da-1.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on nodulationand yield components in faba bean Vicia faba L.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sait Adak ◽  
Mehmet Kibritci
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The objective of this research was to investigate different levels and the combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the nodulation and yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). A large seeded 584-066 accession numbered faba bean line, which was taken from a breeding program of the Field Crops Department, was used in the experiment. Four different nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 kg/ha) and three phosphorus (0, 40, 80 kg/ha) levels were applied to the soil at the sowing time. The number of pods/plant, biological and grain yield per unit area, together with grain and plant N content, were increased by 60 kg/ha nitrogen combined with 40 kg/ha phosphorus applications. The highest nodule and nodule weight/plant and 100-kernel weight were obtained from 80 kg/ha phosphorus and 30 kg/ha nitrogen combination.

Growing-season rainfall, ear number and the water-limited potential yield of wheat in south-western Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Narelle Simpson ◽  
Michael L. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ear Number

Knowledge of the contribution of ear number per unit area, grains per ear, and kernel weight to grain yield is important in understanding the limits to the water-limited potential yield of wheat in rain-fed agricultural regions. This paper analyses the relationships between grain yield, yield components and growing-season rainfall using data from the low-, medium-, and high-rainfall zones of the cropping region of south-western Australia. The aim of the paper is to quantify the contribution of ear number, grains per ear and kernel weight to grain yield and define the yield components of wheat required to achieve its water-limited yield. The grain yield of wheat was closely related to the number of grains per unit area (r2 = 0.90) and ears/m2 (r2 = 0.75), but poorly correlated with kernel weight (r2 = 0.30) and grains/ear (r2 = 0.09). The number of grains per unit area was highly related (r2 = 0.75) to the number of ears per unit area across the rainfall zones of the cropping region, and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.88–0.94) to the spike dry weight at anthesis. The highest yields achieved in the field were close to the water-limited potential estimated using the French and Schultz method. To achieve this water-limited potential, wheat requires 1 ear per m2 for every mm of growing-season rainfall (r2 = 0.92). We conclude that the number of ears per unit area is the most important factor required in order to achieve high yields of up to a yield of 6 t/ha in wheat in rain-fed south-western Australia.

scholarly journals Effect of variety and sulphur on yield and yield components of groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurezannat . ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
Md Romij Uddin ◽  
Uttam Kumer Sarker ◽  
Md Salahuddin Kaysar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Stover Yield

Variety and sulphur play a significant role in the physiological growth and yield of crops such as groundnut. Even so, there has been little information on the application of variety and sulphur in groundnut. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh to investigate the effect of sulphur on yield and yield components of two groundnut varieties. The experiment comprised two varieties of groundnut viz. BARI Cheenabadam-8 and Bina cheenabadam-6; and five levels of sulphur viz. 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Among the parameters leaf area index  (2.03), dry matter plant–1 (50.36 g),  number of primary branches plant–1 (10.33 cm), number of secondary branches plant–1 (9.27 cm), number of pegs plant–1 (46.27), number of total pods plant–1 (37.80), 100-pods weight (96.82 g), 100- seeds weight (46.25 g), shelling percentage (85.29%), pod yield (3.13 t ha–1), seed yield  (2.67 t ha–1), stover yield (6.84 t ha–1), and harvest index (31.37 %) were the highest  in BARI Cheenabadam-8, when treated with sulphur 60 kg ha–1. The lowest values of all these parameters were found in Binacheenabadam-6, when no sulphur was applied. This study suggested that BARI Cheenabadam-8 combined with sulphur 60 kg ha–1 could be applied for obtaining the highest yield of groundnut. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 1–8, March 2019

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