YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SUMMER- AND FALL-GROWN FORAGE Brassica CROPS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. GUILLARD ◽  
D. W. ALLINSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Brassica Spp

A series of experiments was conducted in which summer- and fall-grown Brassica species were evaluated for production of dry matter and nutritive value. Species that possessed edible roots produced the highest yields of dry matter and estimated digestible energy in either season. Summer totals were higher than fall totals. Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) root yields were greater and contributed more to total dry matter yields than either swede (Brassica napus L.) or a Brassica hybrid, Tyfon [Brassica rapa L. × Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.]. In all species, dry matter content of herbage was low (65–175 g kg−1), while digestibility values were high (> 840 g kg−1). Concentrations of neutral-detergent and acid-detergent fiber, acid-detergent lignin, and hemicellulose were generally higher in summer-grown species than in fall-grown species. Based on fiber values, digestible energy content of the foliage and roots was estimated and the values of all species were 12 MJ kg−1 or greater. Seasonal differences in herbage constituents were particularly evident for rape (Brassica napus L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC). Under fall conditions, species differences were less than differences over summer conditions. Higher light intensities and temperatures over summer-growing conditions appear to promote greater production of dry matter and structural components in these crops compared to similar growth periods over fall conditions. Brassica spp. can be used as supplemental or alternate forage crops.Key words: Brassica spp., yield, digestibility, fiber, energy

scholarly journals Mowing pasture to improve milk production

1999 ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Kolver ◽  
J.W. Penno ◽  
K.A. Macdonald ◽  
J.M. Mcgrath ◽  
W.A. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Mowing pasture before grazing, and topping pasture after grazing were studied as methods to increase pasture quality, dairy cow dry matter intake, and milksolids production from September 1997 to February 1998. Three 2.8-ha experimental areas were subjected to mowing, topping, or control treatments, and were grazed by three Friesian cows/ha (18 cows per treatment). Cows were allocated to each treatment according to a crossover design and pastures were grazed every 28 days. Mowing pasture, either before or after grazing, reduced pasture production by 20%, and reduced milksolids production by 11% during October, but increased milksolids production by 12% during summer. Liveweight change responded similarly; mowing or topping resulted in greater liveweight gain (0.76 kg/cow/day) during summer compared with the control. This was associated with an increase in the metabolisable energy content of summer pastures that had been mown before grazing (0.2 MJME/kg DM), or topped after grazing (0.6 MJME/kg DM). Topping pastures after grazing reduced milksolids production in October by 0.11 kg MS/cow/day, and increased milksolids production in summer by 0.13 kg MS/cow/day. Mowing pasture before grazing increased average dry matter content of the wilted material by 7.5% units compared with the control, but dry matter intake was reduced by 2.4 kg DM/cow/day in November, and milksolids production was reduced by 0.12 kg MS/cow/day during spring. Mowing before grazing increased milksolids production in summer by 0.13 kg MS/cow/day. Overall, only the topping treatment increased total milksolids produced during the six 14-day experimental periods (by 80 kg MS, or 4.6%). However, an additional 5184 kg of DM was removed from the control pastures by extra cows, which could have produced an additional 415 kg milksolids. Therefore, although mowing or topping can increase the quality of pasture and the yield of MS per cow in summer, the overall benefits for MS production per ha are small or negative. Keywords: dairy cow, herbage mass, milksolids, milk yield, mowing, nutritive value, pasture intake, topping

scholarly journals Influence of Genotype, Site, and Year on Maize Nutritive Value – Yield Relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
J. Hakl ◽  
R. Loučka ◽  
J. Jirmanová ◽  
V. Jambor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Maize Genotype

Abstract Maize genotype selection represents a practical tool influencing forage yield and quality. The main objective was to investigate the contribution of genotype, site, and year to variability of maize yield and quality in the environment of Central Europe. Totally 63 maize genotypes at 11 sites over a 7-year period were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), dry matter content (DM), starch, cob, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), in situ digestibility of stover NDF (NDFD), and organic matter (OMD). The genotype showed the highest variability from all factors where stover NDFD varied from 261 to 529 g kg-1 and stover OMD from 376 to 609 g kg-1. In contrast to the whole-plant, variability of stover traits was more closely related to NDF than the DM content. Under standardized plant DM, all tested factors were significant and allowed interpretation of 70 and 60% of total variation of yield and quality for stover and whole plant, respectively. The average contributions of genotype, site, and year were 30, 7, and 5%, respectively. For variability in plant productivity and nutritive value, the importance of maize genotype selection was more than two times higher than the contribution of environment.

Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on whole-crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Silage Additives

The efficient production and utilisation of home-grown feed is considered one of the key factors that underpins the profitability of dairy systems in southern Australia. The use of winter forage cereals for grazing and silage provides an opportunity to achieve high dry matter yields over the winter and spring period. However, questions remain on the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage and its subsequent use as a production feed in livestock systems. This experiment examined the nutritive characteristics of winter wheat, triticale, forage peas and bi-crops of cereals and peas sown at different proportions, cut for silage at the soft dough growth stage of the cereals and their subsequent silage nutritive characteristics and fermentation patterns when ensiled with and without bacterial inoculant additives over 2 consecutive years. The estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (Year 1) and crude protein (CP) (Years 1 and 2) concentrations of the forage pea before and after ensiling were higher (P < 0.05) than all other forages in both years. The cereal–pea mixes had similar estimated ME values to the cereal monocultures both before harvesting and as silage, although there were significant improvements in CP concentration at the higher rates of pea inclusion. All resultant silages were well fermented as indicated by low pH, low proportions of total N as ammonia-N and high lactic acid concentrations. There were marked differences in the proportions of lactic acid and acetic acid in the pea silages between years and this is likely a result of dry matter content differences at ensiling. There was no effect of silage additives on resultant silage nutritive characteristics or fermentation parameters indicating that well fermented silage can be achieved without the additional cost of using a silage additive. This study has indicated that forage peas can be ensiled with winter cereals and produce silages that have higher CP concentrations than cereal silage but with similar fermentation parameters. Furthermore, this experiment has highlighted the potential of growing a monoculture of forage peas for ensiling with the resulting silage having higher estimated ME and CP concentrations.

The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans ◽  
A. Eden
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Green Matter

The paper records the results of an investigation into the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of marrow stem kale (both unthinned and singled-out) and thousand head kale. A number of the main findings are recorded below.The average dry-matter content of unthinned marrow stem kale during September and October was 13·3 per cent. During the following January it had reached a slightly higher level, namely, 14·2 per cent. Singling out of the marrow stem kale appeared to exercise little effect on the dry-matter content of the crop. Thousand head kale, with an average dry-matter content of 15·8 per cent., is significantly richer in dry matter than the marrow stem kale, although this advantage was offset by the lower yield, in terms of green matter, given per acre by the thousand head kale.

The nutritive value ofPanicum maximum(guinea grass). III. Factors affecting voluntary intake by cattle and water buffaloes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
A. L. Ordoveza ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Guinea Grass

SummaryDry-matter intake (D.M.I.) fromPanicum maximum(guinea grass) was studied in digestibility trials with Holstein and water buffalo bulls and in a feeding trial with lactating cows.Differences in voluntary D.M.I. per unit body weight0·73between the Holsteins and water buffaloes were not significant. Average D.M.I. for all bulls in all main trials was 2·16 kg per 100 kg B.W. Average D.M.I. by the lactating cows was 2·08 kg per 100 kg B.W., for all practical purposes the same as for the bulls.D.M.I. was not related to stage of maturity or season of harvest of the guinea grass. Intakes of digestible protein, T.D.N., and digestible energy in different seasons and at different growth stages were related to the percentage of those nutrients in the grass.Correlation coefficients were 0·68 between D.M.I. and B.W.0·73, 0·59 between D.M.I. and T.D.N. content, and 0·58 between D.M.I. and crude protein content, D.M.I. was not closely related to dry-matter content (r= 0·30) or crude fibre content (r= 0–01) of the guinea grass.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritive value of mechanically processed corn silage from an integrated crop-livestock system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 845-860
Author(s):  
Maria Helena de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Livestock System

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of silage made from corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) in an integrated crop-livestock system. The corn was harvested at different maturity stages and cutting heights and was processed or not before ensiling. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2x2x2+1 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of silage corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass harvested at two cutting heights (20 or 45 cm) and two stages of maturity (1/4 of the kernel milk line or kernel physiological maturity) and subjected to two methods of processing (crushing or not crushing). A control treatment composed of conventionally grown corn silage was also included. The total dry matter yields of both crops did not differ significantly among treatments, demonstrating the viability of the intercropping system for both forage species. Although the dry matter content of the corn plants was higher at the time of ensiling, the fermentative and nutritive quality of the silages was not affected. Increasing the cutting height increased the grain content of the forage mass and also avoided harming the development of the intercropped grass. The silages from the physiological maturity treatment and from the processed treatment had the best quality.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE UTILIZATION BY RUMINANTS OF CORN SILAGE IN MARGINAL GROWING AREAS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Feeding Trials

The effects of various factors which influence the utilization of silage, made from forage corn grown in marginal areas for production, by ruminant animals are reviewed, with particular reference to dairy cattle. Crop maturity and composition and their effects on important animal performance characteristics are discussed in detail. Effects of the dry matter and grain contents of the ensiled corn on the nature of silage and the resulting animal responses are also considered. The declining emphasis on assessing the quality of forage corn by its grain content, and the increased emphasis on the selection of hybrids based on shoot dry matter yields are discussed from both crop and animal production viewpoints. For instance, the results of feeding trials where high crop densities, various genetic mutants and tillering hybrids were studied are discussed. Consideration is given to the laboratory evaluation and use of various agronomic characteristics to assess the nutritive value of forage corn. It is concluded that more emphasis should be placed on the breeding of corn genotypes specifically for forage production by selecting for maximum digestible dry matter yields per unit land area, particularly when dry matter content is unlikely to exceed 25%. Evaluation of the forage potential of corn genotypes should be conducted under systems of management specifically suited to maximizing whole-crop, dry matter yields. Also, with the utilization of mutant types of corn with higher digestibilities than normal corn genotypes, routine laboratory analysis for digestibility will become necessary. The final comparison of promising genotypes will need to be done with animals capable of relatively high levels of production.

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