ECONOMICS OF N FERTILIZATION OF BROMEGRASS FOR HAY IN CENTRAL ALBERTA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. MALHI ◽  
V. S. BARON ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
N Rates

Yield data from N fertilizer response experiments involving bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) at four locations in central Alberta were fitted to quadratic regression equations. The marginal yield response to fertilizer N and the economic optimum N rates varied with soil climatic zones, being lowest at Botha, an area of low rainfall. Intensive management of grass-type hays appears most economical in the moist compared to dry areas.Key words: Bromus inermis, economics, hay, nitrogen fertlizer

YIELD RESPONSE OF RAPESEED TO ROW SPACING AND RATES OF SEEDING AND N-FERTILIZATION IN INTERIOR ALASKA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. LEWIS ◽  
C. W. KNIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
High Precipitation

The effects of row spacings, seeding rates, and N-fertilization rates on yield of Candle, a cultivar of Brassica campestris L., were studied for 2 yr in interior Alaska. Rows were spaced at 18 and 36 cm. Seeding rates were 3, 7 and 13 kg ha−1. Fertilizer N was broadcast at 0, 55, 90, 125, 160 and 195 kg ha−1. Seed yield was not significantly affected by row spacing in either year of the study. Seeding rate did not significantly affect yield in 1978. In 1979, however, an interaction was detected between seeding rate and N-fertilization rate. During this year of abnormally high precipitation, when no N was applied, stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1 produced higher yields than those seeded at higher rates. With an initial N application of 55 kg ha−1, yields decreased from stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1, while yields from those seeded at 7 and 13 kg ha−1 increased. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on yield in both 1978 and 1979. Regression equations from both years (with the exception of that for the 3 kg ha−1 seeding rate in 1979) predicted maximum yields from N applications between 89 and 105 kg ha−1.Key words: Rapeseed, row spacing, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization, yield

scholarly journals La fertilidad del suelo afecta el crecimiento, nutrición y rendimiento de algodón cultivado en dos sistemas de riego y diferentes dosis de nitrógeno.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jesús Santillano Cázares ◽  
Luis Guadalupe Roque Díaz ◽  
Fidel Núñez Ramírez ◽  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva Contreras ◽  
Fabián Robles Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
N Rates

Intrinsic soil fertility and the method of irrigation can affect the efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilization, modify the yield goal, growth, and nutritional status of crops. A study was carried out with the objective of determining yield, growth, water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic efficiency of N (AEN), NO3- concentration in petiole cell extract (PCE) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) in a cotton crop by effect of N rates and two irrigation methods. The study consisted of two experiments established in soils of high fertility [˃13 g kg-1 organic matter (OM) and N-NO3- ˃ 30 mg kg], with varying N fertilization rates: a) flood irrigation (FRR, 11 and 220 kg N ha‑1), and b) drip irrigation (FRG, 11 to 440 kg N ha-1). Plant height and number of nodes were not affected by the applied treatments. SPAD values and NO3- concentrations in PCE were cubically related to crop yield. The highest yield and WUE was obtained in the experiment with drip irrigation. In the FRR experiment no response (P > 0.05) to N fertilization treatments was found. In the FRG experiment, application of 440 kg N ha‑1 reduced yield by 43% compared to the rest of the evaluated rates. AEN was statistically higher (P < 0.001) in treatments fertilized with 11 kg N ha‑1. The low yield response due to application of N in cotton was attributed to high concentrations of N-NO3- and OM that are present in the soils in which the experiments were conducted.

Calibration and assessment of soil tests for estimating fertilizer requirements. I. Statistical models and tests of significance.

Soil Research ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
The Relationship

The calibration of soil tests requires a statistical model to describe the relationship between yield of crop, fertilizer application rate, and soil test. Yield response to fertilizers can be represented by polynomials both in the natural and square-root scales, and these polynomials can be generalized for a given crop and region, using soil test expressions. The generalization can be done using orthogonal polynomials and simultaneous regression equations that relate the coefficients of the polynomials to the soil test variables. This procedure is necessary because of heterogeneity in the residual sum of squares of regressions fitted to the yield data of several fertilizer field experiments within a region. The set of simultaneous regression equations constitutes a direct calibration of the soil test, since it can be used for the estimation of economic fertilizer requirement. Highly significant calibrations are demonstrated for a phosphorus soil test with wheat and a potassium test with potatoes. A nitrogen test gave only non-significant (P > 0.05) relationships.

Fertilizer response for hybrid and open-pollinated canola and economic optimal nutrient levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Smith ◽  
B M Upadhyay ◽  
M L Favret ◽  
R E Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Yield Response ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Available N ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
N Fertility

Hybrid (HY) canola (Brassica napus L.) produces a higher seed yield than open-pollinated (OP) canola. While it is expected higher-yielding HY canola may require higher total available nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), the evidence is not conclusive. This study used canola yield data from several site-years and fertility experiments to determine whether HY and OP canola types require different rates of total available N (TAN) and total available phosphorus (TAP). The yield response of the two canola genotypes to TAP was the same, but for TAN the yield response was greater for HY canola. The quadratic yield response results were confirmed using three plateau equations. Optimal TAN for HY canola was higher than for OP canola. Soil test laboratories and producers growing HY canola need to modify N fertility for HY canola, compared with OP canola for which most of the current N fertilizer recommendations were developed. Key words: Economics, fertilizer, yield response, canola, hybrid, open-pollinated

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Date and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates on No-till Pumpkins

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ryan Harrelson ◽  
Greg D. Hoyt ◽  
John L. Havlin ◽  
David W. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Rates

Vegetable growers in the Mountain region of North Carolina are faced with increased land prices resulting from urbanization and reduced farm income from low-commodity prices. Local consumer use of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) for jack-o-lanterns and baking provides a fall market for growers to increase production and profitability on-farm. Most soils in these regions are highly erodible and susceptible to drought during the growing season. Little information is available on cultural practices for no-till pumpkin production in this region. Field studies were established to evaluate the yield response of no-till pumpkin to planting date and nitrogen (N) fertilization. Experiments were conducted at the Mountain (MRS), Upper Mountain (UMRS), and the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Stations (MHCRS) in Summer 2003 and 2004 using no-till cultural practices. Three planting dates were established at 2-week intervals and 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg·ha−1 N treatments were applied at each planting date in a randomized complete block design. The 80 and 120 kg·ha−1 N fertilization rates produced greater yields and larger fruit size than the 0 and 40 kg·ha−1 N rates. Pumpkins planted earliest produced the greatest marketable and total yields for all N rates at all three locations. The latest planting date (9 July) and highest N rate yielded more cull fruit compared with marketable pumpkins with the earlier planting date at the Upper Mountain Research Station. This location has a shorter growing season and cooler summer temperatures than the two other locations. Although the third planting date was late for pumpkin planting, higher N rate treatments at that timing produced marketable yields comparable to earlier planting dates at the two warmer summer locations (MRS and MHCRS). In these experiments, the highest rate applied (120 kg·ha−1 N) maximized pumpkin yield. This observation would indicate that higher yields might be possible with even greater N rates.

scholarly journals Stalk yield and technological attributes of planted cane as related to nitrogen fertilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Faroni Carlos Eduardo ◽  
André Cesar Vitti ◽  
Rafael Otto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
N Rates

A still unclear question related to sugarcane cropping refers to the low response of the planted cane to nitrogen fertilization. Two experiments were carried out in areas under a Typic Hapludox, located in Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil, and an Arenic Kandiudult, located in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate planted cane response to nitrogen fertilization at planting. The experimental design was organized as random blocks and treatments consisted of three N rates (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 N-urea) and a control without N. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied to the bottom of the planting furrow and then incorporated into the soil. During the maximum growth stage, +1 leaf samples were collected from all experimental plots to evaluate the crop nutritional status. In the Pirassununga experiment, N fertilization at planting increased N, K, Mg, and S contents in the leaves and increased the stalk yield, without effect in the technological attributes. Conversely, no stalk yield response was observed at the Jaboticabal experiment, but N fertilization benefited the stalk technological attributes. The N rates increased the sugar yield per hectare in both experiments. The highest margin of agricultural contribution was obtained at the rate of 40 kg ha-1 N.

scholarly journals Sugarcane response to nitrogen rates, measured by a canopy reflectance sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo José Andrade Rosa ◽  
Lucas Rios do Amaral ◽  
José Paulo Molin ◽  
Heitor Cantarella
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate whether a canopy sensor is capable of estimating sugarcane response to N, as well as to propose strategies for handling the data generated by this device during the decision-making process for crop N fertilization. Four N rate-response experiments were carried out, with N rates varying from 0 to 240 kg ha-1. Two evaluations with the canopy sensor were performed when the plants reached average stalk height of 0.3 and 0.5 m. Only two experiments showed stalk yield response to N rates. The canopy sensor was able to identify the crop response to different N rates and the relationship of the nutrient with sugarcane yield. The response index values obtained from the canopy sensor readings were useful in assessing sugarcane response to the applied N rate. Canopy reflectance sensors can help to identify areas responsive to N fertilization and, therefore, improve sugarcane fertilizer management.

scholarly journals Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Associated Revenues in No-tillage Pumpkin

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Rates

The use of no tillage (NT) integrated with cover cropping is a management practice that is becoming more popular with commercial ‘jack-o-lantern’ pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) growers in the eastern and midwestern United States, although little is known about nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements for this production system. A field study was established at the Southern Illinois University Horticulture Research Center in Carbondale to evaluate the yield response of pumpkin and associated revenues to N fertilization in a NT production system after wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest. Nitrogen application rate affected pumpkin leaf chlorophyll content, and resulting yields and revenues. At all sampling dates, pumpkin fertilized with 224 kg·ha−1 N had the greatest leaf chlorophyll content. Quadratic relationships best described pumpkin fruit size and diameter increase with N rates from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. Furthermore, pumpkin fruit number and weight per hectare also increased in a quadratic manner, as N application rates increased from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. The application of 168 kg·ha−1 N also provided high yields and large fruit sizes, although quadratic models indicated that maximum net revenues for NT pumpkins were achieved with 224 kg·ha−1 N. Growers applying 224 kg·ha−1 N would increase net revenues by ≈54%, 52%, and 51% at pumpkin fruit price points of $0.33, $0.44, $0.55 per kg, respectively, compared with 0 kg·ha−1 N fertilization. An additional 123 kg·ha−1 N from fertilizer was required for NT pumpkin production after wheat harvest in fields with high amounts of cereal straw residues on the soil surface compared with the 101 kg·ha−1 N recommended for conventional tillage systems with no cover crop residues. This study suggests that N fertilizer investments will provide significant monetary returns in NT pumpkin systems. However, the 168 kg·ha−1 N rate provided the highest return on fertilizer investment at all pumpkin pricing points compared with all other N rates evaluated. Additionally, pumpkins grown in NT systems using a winter grain crop that is ended at flowering should require similar N amounts, because little N is used during heading and grain ripening. Although growers often look for ways to reduce input costs in vegetable production systems, N fertilization is clearly an important investment that provides increased yields and revenues in NT pumpkins. The results of this study should provide additional information to establish N fertilizer recommendations for NT pumpkin production.

scholarly journals Apparent Recovery and Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Tomato Grown on Sandy Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Laura Jalpa ◽  
Rao S. Mylavarapu ◽  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
Edzard van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

Use efficiency of applied nitrogen (N) is estimated typically to be <50% in most crops. In sandy soils and warmer climates particularly, leaching and volatilization may be primary pathways for environmental loss of applied N. To determine the effect of N fertilization rate on the N use efficiency (NUE) and apparent recovery of N fertilizer (APR), a replicated field study with ‘BHN 602’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in sandy soils under a fertigated plastic-mulched bed system was conducted using ammonium nitrate as the N source at four different rates (0, 150, 200, and 250 lb/acre). Spring tomato was followed by fall tomato in the same field, a typical cropping sequence in north Florida. Fertigation of N fertilizer was applied weekly in 13 equal doses for both seasons. The highest NUE was 12.05% (spring) and 32.38% (fall), and the highest APR was 6.11% (spring) for the lowest rate of N applied (150 lb/acre). In the fall, APR was unaffected by fertilizer N rates and ranged from 12.88% to 19.39%. Nitrogen accumulation in tomato plants were similar among the three N fertilizer rates applied (150, 200, and 250 lb/acre), though compared with no N fertilizer application, significant increases occurred. Whole plant N accumulation, NUE, and APR declined or remained similar when N rates increased above 150 lb/acre. Additionally, a regression analysis and derivative of the quadratic fresh yield data showed that yields were maximized at 162 and 233 lb/acre N in the spring and fall seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Rotationally Grazed Pastures at Different Management Intensities in South Africa

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Hendrik P. J. Smit ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Pieter A. Swanepoel ◽  
Ralf Loges ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Soil C And N

Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and concentrate feeding are important factors in rotational pasture management for dairy farms in South Africa. The extent to which these factors affect environmental efficiency is subject to current and intense debate among scientists. A three-year field study was conducted to investigate the yield response of different N-fertilizer treatments (0 (N0), 220 (N20), 440 (N40), 660 (N60) and 880 (N80) kg N ha−1 year−1) on grazed pastures and to calculate the carbon footprint (CF) of milk produced. Excessive N-fertilization (N60 and N80) did not increase herbage dry matter and energy yields from pastures. However, N80 indicated the highest N-yield but at the same time also the highest N surpluses at field level. A maximum fertilizer rate of 220 kg ha−1 year−1 (in addition to excreted N from grazing animals) appears sufficient to ensure adequate herbage yields (~20 t DM ha−1 year−1) with a slightly positive field-N-balance. This amount will prevent the depletion of soil C and N, with low N losses to the environment, where adequate milk yields of ~17 t ECM ha−1 with a low CF (~1.3 kg CO2 kg ECM−1) are reached. Methane from enteric fermentation (~49% ± 3.3) and N2O (~16% ± 3.2) emissions from irrigated pastures were the main contributors to the CF. A further CF reduction can be achieved by improved N-fertilization planning, low emission irrigation techniques and strategies to limit N2O emissions from pasture soils in South Africa.

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