CELLULAR BASIS OF HETEROSIS FOR LEAF AREA IN MAIZE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. PAVLIKOVA ◽  
S. B. ROOD
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Incomplete Dominance ◽  
Individual Leaf ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Complex Inheritance ◽  
Cellular Components

Leaf areas of four maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds and four of their single-cross hybrids were analyzed in terms of numbers of leaves and lengths and widths of individual leaf blades. These lengths and widths were further analyzed in terms of numbers, widths, and lengths of long abaxial epidermal cells which were determined by microscopically examining pyroxylin leaf surface impressions. There was incomplete dominance for increasing leaf number and overdominance for increasing individual leaf blade area. Overdominance for individual leaf area resulted from the complementation of incomplete dominance for increasing cell length and width and overdominance for cell number in the length and width. Thus, both complementation of dominance effects and over-dominance for increased mitotic activity were involved in heterosis for leaf area in maize. The study demonstrates the simplicity of reducing leaf area into its cellular components. This type of leaf area analysis may be useful to breeders attempting to increase the leaf area of maize since it reduces the complex, polygenic trait of leaf area into easily measured components which will display less complex inheritance patterns.Key words: Zea mays L., corn, anatomy, hybrid vigor

MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION FROM SOIL BENEATH CROP CANOPIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Intact Soil Core ◽  
Intact Soil

Evaporation rates beneath maize canopies were measured using an intact soil core technique. Early in the growing season evaporation rates were periodically high (4.0 mm∙day−1) following rain, but declined rapidly. At full crop cover, when energy supply normally limits evaporation, significant differences in evaporation were detected between canopies with leaf area indices of 3.0 and 4.0. Key words: Evaporation measurement, energy supply, Zea mays L., leaf area, soil evaporimeter, lysimeter

The Critical Period of Weed Control in Grain Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Hall ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Glenn W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Individual Leaf ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
Weed Interference

Field studies were conducted in southern Ontario to determine the critical period of weed control in grain corn and the influence of weed interference on corn leaf area. The Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing durations of weed control and weed interference, respectively. The beginning of the critical period varied from the 3- to 14-leaf stages of corn development However, the end of the critical period was less variable and ended on average at the 14-leaf stage. Weed interference reduced corn leaf area by reducing the expanded leaf area of each individual leaf and accelerating senescence of lower leaves. In addition, weed interference up to the 14-leaf stage of corn development impeded leaf expansion and emergence in 1989.

Effects of Routine Handling on Maize Growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Beardsell
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Routine Handling

Maize (Zea mays L. cv. XL45) plants were grown from seed in controlled-environment rooms. Twice-daily weighings of the plants and containers for 7 days reduced height, and removing plants from the rooms for two 20-min periods daily for 7 days gave significant reductions in stem and leaf dry weights and total leaf area. Transpiration rates were not affected by either of these treatments. Short-term removal from the rooms (up to 10 min daily) produced no significant reductions in plant characteristics. Measuring leaf lengths daily for 10 days resulted in significant reductions in stem dry weight and plant height. It is suggested that control plants should always be subjected to the same degree of handling as treated plants.

STEM MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN ZEA MAYS AS INFLUENCED BY CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERDLITY AND RESTORER GENES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA SARVELLA ◽  
C. O. GROGAN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Restorer Genes

The stem morphology of three versions (normal, male-sterile, and restored) of five lines of corn (Zea mays L.) was examined. Corn stems in both the male-sterile (Texas cytoplasm) and restored versions of line Mp466 were shorter than the normal version. Stem diameters were less in the male-sterile version in two of the five lines examined. Histological examination of the three versions in line CI21 showed that vascular bundle radial diameters in cross sections were less in the male-sterile tassel culms than the normal. Reduction in the amount of phloem appeared to be the cause. Cells in longitudinal sections appeared to be about the same length in all versions, or shorter in the normal; therefore, shortening of the male-sterile stems apparently results from a reduction in cell number.

RESPOSTAS MORFOAGRONÔMICAS DE MILHO SUBMETIDO A DESFOLHA ARTIFICIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
EMERSON TROGELLO ◽  
LUAN FERREIRA BORGES ◽  
FÁBIO ARAÚJO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
QUÉZIA SANCHES MUTAGUTI ◽  
INGRID GOMIDES BARROS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Removal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

RESUMO - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características morfoagronômicas do híbrido simples de milho em função da aplicação de diferentes intensidades de desfolha artificial, realizadas no estádio R1 de desenvolvimento. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano,em Morrinhos-GO, na safra 2015/2016. Foi aplicado o delineamento de blocos completamente casualizados, com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo eles: remoção de uma folha acima e uma abaixo da espiga; remoção de duas folhas acima e abaixo da espiga; remoção de três folhas acima e abaixo da espiga; remoção de todas as folhas da planta; remoção de todas as folhas acima da espiga; remoção de todas as folhas abaixo da espiga; remoção da folha da espiga; e testemunha sem desfolha. Os caracteres avaliados foram: estande de plantas, número de plantas acamadas, prolificidade, densidade de colmo, comprimento e diâmetro de espiga, comprimento de grão, massa de mil grãos, massa de grãos espiga-1 e produtividade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade, observando que todas as variáveis avaliadas foram influenciadas quanto aos efeitos dos tratamentos empregados. O enchimento dos grãos esteve intimamente relacionado à fotossíntese. Sem as folhas, esta fase ficou plenamente comprometida.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, fotoassimilados, translocação, índice de área foliar, rendimento. MORPHOAGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE AS A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION  ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate of morphoagronomic characteristics of simple hybrids of maize, depending on the application of different intensities of artificial defoliation, carried out in R1, when the style-stigma were fertilized. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area of the Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos, State of Goiás, Brazil, during the agricultural year 2015/2016. We applied the design of completely randomized block with eight treatments, in four replications: removal of a leaf above and one below the ear; removal of two leaves above and below the ear; removal of three leaves above and below the ear; removal of all leaves of the plant; removal of all leaves above the ear; removal of all leaves below the ear; removal of the leaf of the ear; and control without defoliation. The traits evaluated were stand of plants, number of plant lodging, prolificacy, density, length and diameter of the cob, length of a grain, weight of a thousand grains, grain mass cob-1 and productivity. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance by F test at 5% probability, noting that all variables were influenced as to the effects of the treatments used. The filling of grains is closely related to photosynthesis. Without the leaves, this phase was fully damaged.Keywords: Zea mays L., photoassimilates, translocation, leaf area index, yield.

scholarly journals Application of the Richards function to the description of leaf area growth in maize (Zea mays L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzegorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Richards Function ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Area Growth

The leaf area growth in maize was approximated basing on the Richards function in the form of: y=A[l+b exp(-kt)]<sup>1/(1-m)</sup> . The constant coefficients of the Richards function were found by means of the Marquardt's method. The initial values of parameters were given basing on results of the preliminary approximation of the growth process by means of logistic function y = A[l+b exp(-kt)]<sup>-1</sup>. The procedure of nonlinear regression was found to be useful (curvilinear determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> = 0.995). The Richards curve precisely describes the course of changes of the leaf area in maize since sprouting to a tassel flowering phase.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of oleic acid сontent in the oil of maize on the basis of mutation Sugary-1

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Tymchuk ◽  
G. S. Potapenko ◽  
N. F. Tymchuk ◽  
V. V. Myzhylko
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Incomplete Dominance ◽  
Spatial Coupling

Aim. Genetic analysis of oleate content in the carriers of maize  mutation su1. Methods. Experiments were conducted on a series of inbreds – carriers of mutation su1, as well as hybrids derived from their diallel and top cross crossings. Results. Inbreds – carriers of mutation su1 were notable as having the increased content of oleate, which was inherited by the type of incomplete dominance with the prevailing contribution of additive effects to the variance. Conclusions. Increasing the content of the oleic acid glycerides in the carriers of mutation su1 caused by the spatial coupling of the locus su1 with the oleate – encoding locus, the effect of which can be modified by the polygenic complex. Keywords: Zea mays L., mutation su1, oleic acid, genetic analysis.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Biochar dan Kompos Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.)

GEMA AGRO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Kaliang Lelu ◽  
Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang ◽  
Made Suarta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Treatment

This study aims to determine the effect of biochar dosage and compost fertilizer and its interaction on the growth and yield of corn crops. This experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the dose of biochar (B) consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0 ton ha-1 (B0), 5 ton ha-1 (B1), 10 ton ha-1 (B2), 15 ton ha-1 (B3). The second factor is the dosage of compost fertilizer (K) consisting of 2 levels: 0 ton ha-1 (K0), and 20 ton ha-1 (K1). The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of biochar dose and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed variables. Biochar and compost treatment have significant effect to most observed variables, except on leaf area and harvest index have no significant effect. Treatment of biochar with a dose of 10 ton ha-1 gave the highest dry kiln seedlings weight of 7.83 tons increased by 35.60% compared to the lowest dose without biochar of 5.77 tons. Treatment of compost doses of 20 ton ha-1 gave the highest dry seed oven per hectare weight of 7.42 tons increased by 16.60% when compared with the lowest yield on treatment without compost dose as much as 6.37 tons.

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