REDUCTION OF SPINDLINESSS OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS GROWN AT HIGH DENSITIES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. LIPTAY
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
Reduction Effect

The spindliness of tomato transplants grown at high densities in a greenhouse was reduced by an ethephon spray or intermittent vibration of the seedlings with air movement. Either treatment reduced the following growth parameters: plant height, height-to-stem-diameter ratio, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight. One ethephon spray alone reduced the height and improved the stalkiness of the seedling. Vibration of the plants with air movement had an even greater height-reduction effect while a combination of the two treatments was the most effective in producing the stalkiest transplants.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, plant height, stem diameter, tomato, growth regulator

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam (Ammaranthus tricolor) Secara Hidroponik NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
I Made Suarjana ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Apriadi Aviantara ◽  
Gede Arda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of spinach plants with hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) and to determine the most effective spacing and spinach results of hydroponic NFT plant growth. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatment spacing, namely 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm. Each treatment uses the same number of plants as 15 plants in one gutter. The study was conducted for 20 days. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter. High parameters and number of leaves are measured every two days, while parameters of fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter are measured after harvest on the 20th day. For the final value obtained from the calculation of plant height growth parameters, namely JT5 (27.45), JT10 (32.45), JT15 (33.22), and JT20 (32.94). And for the final value obtained from the calculation of the number  leaf growth parameters, namely JT5 (11.21), JT10 (12.19), JT15 (12.51), and JT20 (12.17). While the final value of crop yield parameters for root lengths is JT5 (28.06), JT10 (30.43), JT15 (31.36), JT20 (30.70). For the stem diameter the average value obtained is JT5 (0.72), JT10 (8.84), JT15 (0.90), JT20 (0.85). For fresh weight of plants, the average values ??obtained are JT5 (182.40), JT10 (208.24), JT15 (215.07), JT20 (210.76). And for dry weight, the average value obtained is JT5 (9.51), JT10 (13.52), JT15 (15.05), JT20 (13.71). It can be concluded that from the results of the ANOVA analysis, the treatment of 15 cm spacing had the best results and the spacing of 5 cm showed the lowest results in each treatment observed.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

scholarly journals Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudarman Sitanggang ◽  
Nurzainah Ginting ◽  
Yusuf Leonard Henuk ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Plot Design

SAUDARMAN SITANGGANG, 2018: Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana. Guided by NURZAINAH GINTING and YUSUF LEONARD HENUK. The aim of this research was to inventigate the effect of bio gas slurry with the input of buffalo feces and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) with various doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Indigofera zollingeriana productivity. This research was conducted in Parbaba Village, Pangururan District, Samosir Regency of North Sumatera from April to November 2017. The design used in this research was split plot design with 4 replications. Factor I dose of MOD, M1 = 1 liter / 150 liters and M2 = 2 liters /150 liters. Factor II dose of bio-slurry fertilizer with input of buffalo feces and water hyacinth parameters, P0 = 0 (as control), P1 = 20, P2 = 40. Were plant height, stems diameter, fresh weight production, and dry weight troduction. The results showed that dosage of MOD gave significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight production, and dry matter of Indigofera zollingeriana. The provision of bio gas slurry with buffalo faeces and water hyacinth with various doses of MOD has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight production, and dry matter. The conclusion of this research that increasing the dose of MOD and fertilization dose of Indigofera zollingeriana gave a better result.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis dan Dosis Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) pada Tanah Andisol Lembah Seulawah Aceh Besar

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mizan Matondang ◽  
Jumini Jumini ◽  
Syafruddin Syafruddin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan dosis pupuk hayati mikoriza yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah pada tanah Andisol Lembah Seulawah Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah, Kabupaten Aceh Besar,  Rumah Kaca, Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh yang berlangsung sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober tahun 2019. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dengan kombinasi 3 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan sehingga didapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan mencakup 27 unit percobaan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu  jenis pupuk hayati mikoriza yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora sp. dan Campuran (Glomus mosseae dan Gigaspora sp.) dan dosis mikoriza yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 5, 10 dan 15 g per tanaman dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis mikoriza berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter diameter batang 15 HSPT dan panjang buah serta berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman 15 HSPT, diameter batang 45 HSPT, jumlah cabang produktif, berat buah, persentase kolonisasi mikoriza dan potensi hasil. Perlakuan jenis mikoriza dari pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai terbaik dijumpai pada jenis mikoriza campuran. Pada perlakuan dosis mikoriza berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman 30 dan 45 HSPT, diameter batang 30 HSPT, jumlah cabang produktif, berat basah tanaman, berat kering tanaman, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, berat buah, panjang buah, jumlah buah, persentase kolonisasi akar dan potensi hasil serta berpengaruh nyata pada diameter batang 45 HSPT. Perlakuan dosis mikoriza dari pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai terbaik dijumpai pada dosis mikoriza 10 g per tanaman. Terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara perlakuan jenis dengan dosis mikoriza terhadap jumlah cabang produktif tanaman cabaiEffect of Mycorrhizal Biofertilizer Type and Dosage Against Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) on Andisol Soil Valley in Aceh BesarAbstract. This research aims to understand the type and doses of fertilizer biological mycorrhiza on growth and crop yield on the ground chili in the Andisol Seulawah valley Aceh Besar. This research was conducted in the Seulawah valley district of Aceh Besar, Greenhouse The Science and Technology Seeds and Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Syiah Kuala University Faculty of Agriculture Banda Aceh Darussalam held since october 2019. Data analysis used in this study is the random groups (shelf) factorials patterns by a combination with 3 x 3 test until they reached 9 combination treatment and 27 unit experiment. The research of fertilizer biological mycorrhiza consisting 3 kinds of standard that were Glomus mosseae, gigaspora sp. And blend (Glomus mosseae and gigaspora sp.) and dosage mycorrhiza consisting of 3 standard that were 5, 10, 15 g / plant and continued with the Smallest Significant Difference  test at the 5% level . The results of this research were the treatment of mycorrhiza type had a very significant effect on plant height parameters stem diameter 15 DAP and fruit length and this research had a significant effect on plant height parameters 15 DAP, stem diameter 45 DAP, number of productive branches, fruit weight, percentage of root colonization and yield potential. The best mycorrhiza treatment of growth and yield of chili plants is found in mixed mycorrhiza types. In the treatment of dosage has a very significant effect on plant height parameters 30 and 45 DAP, stem diameter 30 DAP, number of productive branches, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, fruit weight, length fruit, number of fruits, percentage of root colonization and yield potential. The best mycorrhiza dose treatment of chili growth and yield was found on mycorrhiza dose of 10 g per plant. The interaction between the treatment of mycorrhiza types and dosage have a very significant on number of productive branches. 

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Particulate Matter on Vegetable Crops and their Control Potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 05021
Author(s):  
Munfarida Ida ◽  
Sofyan Asep ◽  
Rezagama Arya
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Particulate Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has an impact, include impact to the plants. The adverse effects of air pollution have been associated with three major sources. They are gaseous pollutant and particulates from fossil fuels, manufacturing plants and vehicles. Many studies reveal that plants absorb particulate pollutants can cause damage or decline in growth. This study analysed the effects of organic particulate matter exposure on vegetable crops that were lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). Thus from the research we can control vegetable crops from particulate matter pollution. Growth parameters include the number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of chlorophyll and stomata index. This research was conducted on Padjadjaran University Greenhouse, Jatinangor. Lettuce and cucumber were given three treatment, those were: plant was contaminated with organic particulate matter derived from clay, plant inside and outside the chamber were not contaminated. The results showed that organic particulate matter exposure more affects the growth of lettuce than cucumbers for the following parameters: plant height, dry weight and fresh weight. Control potentials of organic particulate matter include regulation management, reducing field burning of vegetable residue, and implementation of particulate matter control devices in industry and vehicles.

scholarly journals Effect of gaseous pollutant on vegetable crops and its controlling

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06026
Author(s):  
Ida Munfarida ◽  
Asep Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gaseous Pollutant ◽  
Stroke Engine

A variety of air pollutants have known harmful effects on human health and the environment, including effects on plants. In Indonesia, these pollutants are the products of combustion from industrial areas and transportation sectors. The effect of air pollution on plant morphology and physiology has been studied. The effects of air pollution on plants are widely seen and damage all plants. This study analysed the effects of gaseous pollutant on vegetable crops, namely, lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). The objective of the research was to analyse the effects of exposure of gaseous pollutant on growth of lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) in term of both morphology and physiology; thus, from the research we can control vegetable crops from air pollution. Growth parameters include the number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of chlorophyll, and stomata index. This research was conducted on Padjadjaran University Greenhouse, Jatinangor. Lettuce and cucumber were given three treatments, plant was contaminated with gaseous pollutant derived from a 2-stroke engine: plants inside and outside the chamber were not contaminated. The results showed that gaseous exposure from 2-stroke engine more affects the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) than cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L), especially for the following parameters: plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight. Based on the study, air pollutant controlling on vegetable crops includes setting vegetable crops land away from industrial area and transportation sectors, then avoiding open burning after harvesting.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Potassium and Fish Fertilizer on Leek Growth (Allium fistulosum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bina Beru Karo ◽  
Agustina E Marpaung
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Potash Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Vegetable

Leek is one type of leaf vegetable that is commonly used for cooking vegetables or seasonings. Currently, it founded some problem in leek cultivation, including the production is low because the fertilization is not appropriate. The type and dosage of fertilizer can contribute to increasing production. This research aims to determine the dosage of potassium, and fish fertilizer is right for increased leek production. The research was conducted from January - March 2015 in the Berastagi experimental farm, with altitude ± 1340 meters above sea level; the soil type was andisol. Experiments using a randomized block design (RBD) factorial with three replications. The first factor is the dosage of potassium fertilizer K0 (0 kg/ha), K1 (100 kg/ha), K2 (200 kg/ha), and K3 (300 kg/ha). The second factor is dosage fish fertilizer I0 (0 kg/ha), I1 (500 kg/ha), I2 (1000 kg/ha), and I3 (1500 kg/ha). The leek variety was used is local variety. The results showed that there is an interaction between the potash and fish fertilizers on leek plant height. Application potash fertilizer (K2O) dosage of 200 kg/ha and fish fertilizer dosage of 1000 kg/ha can increase the leek plant height 56,98 cm. Application potash fertilizer (K2O) dosage of 200 kg/ha can increase the stem diameter, length of stems, length of leaves, and fresh weight per plant. Application fish fertilizer dosage of 1000 kg/ha can increase the stem diameter, leaves length, fresh and dry weight per plant

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

scholarly journals Budidaya Organik Kunyit pada Kluster Biofarmaka Kabupaten Karanganyar

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Potential development of medicinal plants in Karanganyar is very large, because this area is famous as a center of medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric, kencur, and temulawak. In the development of medicinal plants, the approach of organic cultivation is one of the alternatives that can be done to achieve the business. Therefore the application of technology to society about organic farming on Biopharmaca Cluster of Karanganyar was conducted with the aim to apply organic cultivation techniques that have resulted from previous studies, so it can be applied by the community to increase income and welfare. This application of technology to society activity is held in Sambirejo, Jumantono, Karanganyar. The research was conducted from March to October 2016. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affects the number of leaves, number of tillers, and the fresh weight of turmeric rhizome. The addition of manure (chicken, goat, cow) can increase all variables of planting growth which include plant height, number of leaf, number of tillers, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and fresh weight of rhizomes. Giving three types of manure (chicken, goat, cow) with mycorrhizal dose treatment there is no intraction to some growth observation variables. Mycorrhizal treatment with a dose of 10 g/plant can increase the number of tillers in turmeric. Overall the application of mycorrhizal at various doses (5, 10, and 15 g/plant) can increase plant height, leaf number, number of tillers, and fresh weight of turmeric rhizome.

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