A MODIFIED AUGMENTED DESIGN (TYPE 2) FOR RECTANGULAR PLOTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUANG-SHENG LIN ◽  
GREG POUSHINSKY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Adjustment Method ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Augmented Design ◽  
Design Type

A modified augmented design (type 2) is presented for the situation where subplots are long and narrow (rectangular plots). The arrangement of the whole plots is the same as in the type 1 modified augmented design, but the subplots are laid out in rows within whole plots. The number of subplots per whole plot is 5, where the centre plot is the control plot. Twelve sets of data generated from three hypothetical fertility maps were used to investigate (i) the choice of adjustment method based on ANOVA of control plots and (ii) the estimated relative efficiencies of the methods. The results showed that the choice of adjustment method based on ANOVA is satisfactory and, although the estimates of relative efficiency differed from the population values, the ranking of the estimates and that of population values was nearly identical.Key words: Augmented design, non-replicated experiment, control of soil heterogeneity

A PSO-Based Framework for Designing Fuzzy Systems from Noisy Data Set

2012 ◽  
pp. 210-228
Author(s):  
Satvir Singh ◽  
J. S. Saini ◽  
Arun Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Noisy Data ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Fuzzy Logic System ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Interval Type

In most of Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) designs, human reasoning is encoded into programs to make decisions and/or control systems. Designing an optimal FLS is equivalent to an optimization problem, in which efforts are made to locate a point in fitness search-space where the performance is better than that of other locations. The number of parameters to be tuned in designing an FLS is quite large. Also, fitness search space is highly non-linear, deceptive, non-differentiable, and multi-modal in nature. Noisy data, from which to construct the FLS, may make the design problem even more difficult. This chapter presents a framework to design Type-1 (T1) and Interval Type-2 (IT2) FLSs (Liang and Mendel, 2000c, Mendel, 2001, 2007, Mendel et al., 2006) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) (Eberhart and Kennedy, 1995, Kennedy and Eberhart, 1995). This framework includes the use of PSO based Nature Inspired (NI) Toolbox discussed in the chapter titled, “Nature-Inspired Toolbox to Design and Optimize Systems.”

FIELD EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED AUGMENTED DESIGN (TYPE 2) FOR SCREENING BARLEY LINES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. MAY ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
G. B. SCHAALJE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Augmented Design ◽  
Design Type

The modified augmented design, which adjusts for environmental heterogeneity when large numbers of test lines are being evaluated in nonreplicated plots, was used in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding program at two locations in 3 years. The design offered advantages in flexibility of field operations and was satisfactory for statistical preparation and analyses of the tests. Adjustments in yield based on either the row-column effects or covariance were required in the majority of tests. The relative efficiencies verified the choice of adjustment method indicated by the analysis of variance in 12 of 19 tests. The average change in rank of test lines due to adjustment was often large whereas the average change in yield was generally less than 8%. The design has definite advantages for screening barley breeding lines; however, the agreement between rankings of lines based on the adjusted values and the best estimate of their true ranking needs to be investigated.Key words: Modified augmented design, Hordeum vulgare, barley, screening

scholarly journals Effects of stress relaxation in beta-titanium cantilevers used in orthodontic mechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder B. JACOB ◽  
Ariane S. GONZAGA ◽  
Brittany TRINH ◽  
Erik T. LE ◽  
Jeryl D. ENGLISH
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Force Decay ◽  
Decay Pattern ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Shape Changes

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the force decay and design shape changes caused by stress relaxation in two different orthodontic cantilever configurations. Methods: Eighty cantilevers made of 0.017 x 0.025-in beta-titanium wires were standardized in a passive position, using real scale templates, and randomly divided into two groups (n = 40): Type 1 and Type 2. Each group received a different design (Type 1 with three bends, and Type 2 with two bends), and both were divided in four subgroups (n = 10) according to the evaluation periods: G1 = 24h, G2 = 1 week, G3 = 4 weeks, and G4 = 8 weeks. Mechanical tests were performed immediately after preactivation and at the end of each period, to evaluate force decay. The cantilevers were also scanned and the angles of the bends were measured to assess shape changes. Results: Cantilever forces decayed over time. Type 1 - G1 showed less force decay than Type 2 (10.83 cN vs 17.87 cN). Type 1 cantilevers showed significant force decay only when G4 was compared to G1 (9.05 cN), G2 (11.73 cN), and G3 (9.78 cN). Type 2 cantilevers presented differences when G1 was compared to G2 (9.57 cN) and G3 (7.89 cN). Regarding to the cantilever angle closest to the bracket insertion, Type 1 cantilevers showed significant decrease for G2 (1.58°) and G4 (1.52°). Conclusions: Cantilevers’ design and proximity of the bends influenced force decay pattern overtime. Type 1 cantilevers presented more stable design at the first weeks than Type 2.

Success of a selection program for increasing grain yield of two-row barley lines and evaluation of the modified augmented design (type 2)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. May ◽  
G. C. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Augmented Design ◽  
Design Type

The modified augmented design (MAD) (type 2), which adjusts for environmental heterogeneity when large numbers of test lines are being evaluated in non-replicated plots, has been used in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding program at the Lethbridge Research Centre. The superiority of test lines selected from two series of F7 test lines selected using the MAD were evaluated in replicated MAD tests (F8) and superior selections were further evaluated in standard replicated designs (F9). When adjustment was indicated for individual MAD tests, the generally high relative efficiencies (RE) confirmed the effectiveness of adjustment in reducing the error variation for yield. The need for adjustment and the adjustment method differed among replicates of the MAD conducted on adjacent blocks of land. The RE from replicated MAD tests indicated the effectiveness of the MAD for reducing the variability in the tests of F8 material. Correlations of the ranks of test lines in different replicates of MAD indicated that more of the same lines in each replicate would be designated as superior with adjustment for heterogenity. The lack of significant positive rank correlations among environments and clearly identifiable improvement in the mean yield was probably the result of the narrowing range in grain yield of the test lines as well as a genotype × environment interaction. Key words: Modified augmented design, Hordeum vulgare, barley, screening

Type 2 Diabetes Overtakes Type 1 in Hispanic Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes
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