THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 64. Datura stramonium L.

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN E. WEAVER ◽  
SUZANNE I. WARWICK
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) is an annual weed found in most temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It has been recorded from all the provinces of Canada except Newfoundland, but is most common in Ontario and Quebec. It occurs in waste places, gardens, barnyards and, increasingly, in cultivated fields. Datura stramonium serves as an alternate host for many insect pests and diseases of Solanaceous crops, such as tomatoes, tobacco and potatoes, and has both narcotic and medicinal properties due to its production of a variety of alkaloids. It has been used extensively as an experimental plant in studies of genetics, chromosome morphology and embryonic development.Key words: Weed biology, jimsonweed, Datura stramonium, distribution

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MULBERRY PEST (GLYPHODES PYLOALIS WALKER) AS AN ALTERNATE HOST TO THE PATHOGENS OF SILKWORM (BOMBYX MORI L.) DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeera Imtiyaz ◽  
K. A. Sahaf ◽  
Shabir A. Bhat ◽  
Shaheen Gul ◽  
Iqra Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained. The survey was carried out at the three locations viz. Mulberry farms of College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund and two mulberry farms of Sericulture Development Department, J&K located at Mirgund and Tulsibagh, Srinagar. The plantation is ravaged by different pests and diseases and as many as 11 major and 10 minor insect pests have been reported from Jammu and Kashmir (Sharma and Tara, 1985; Khan et al., 2004). Under temperate conditions, G. pyloalis (Walker) causes severe damage to mulberry crop and is considered as a major pest of mulberry in Jammu and Kashmir (Fotadar et al., 1998). Zeya et al. (2003) reported 20-25 percent damage to mulberry foliage in Kashmir is due to G. Pyloalis during July to October. The survey study showed high infestation of G. Pyloalis during the month of October, 2017 and 2018. The maximum infestation of 73.03% was observed at SDD Tulsi Bagh followed by 45.20% at SDD Mirgund and 32.99% at CoTS Farm. During the study various stages of G. Pyloalis were found infected with the Microsporidian and Nuclear Polyhedral Virus whereas Fungal and bacterial pathogens were not observed during the present study. The mean incidence of Microsporidian and NPV was observed as 4.22% and 5.99% percent respectively during October, 2017. In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. Pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained so that management strategies are taken accordingly

scholarly journals Research and development of genetically engineered soybean using insect-resistance genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Le Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Pham Le Bich Hang ◽  
Nguyen Tuong Van ◽  
Le Thi Minh Thanh ◽  
Dao Thi Hang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The World

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the crops which have high economic value and serve for food, feed and process of many countries around the world. However, there are many factors affecting the productivity of soybean, of which insect pests and diseases are the most harmful agents. Therefore, an application of biotechnology to transfer insect resistance genes derived from a species of bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis can contribute to increase soybean yield and significantly reducing pesticide use. Currently, there are many insecticidal proteins detected from B. thuringiensis such as Cry, Cyt and Vip with a broad and specific spectrum belonged to several orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Homopera, and Nematoda. Numerous studies have been implemented over the world to transfer genes encoding these proteins in combination or modified forms to increase their toxicity. Several events of genetically engineered soybean with stacked traits of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance are commercialized and approved to be cultured in many countries such as MON 87701 × MON 89788 or DAS-81419-2. In Vietnam, studies on genetically engineered soybean with insect resistance trait has been carried out. Moreover, the exploitation, screening and selection of high biodiversity and indigenous B. thuringiensis strains which habors specific genes capable of killing targeted insects and serve as materials for plant transformation are great scientific meaning and potential practical application. This will be an important source of materials to create many soybean cultivars with good ability of insect resistance in order to meet specific needs.

Insect pests of eucalypts in California: implications of managing invasive species

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Paine ◽  
J.G. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Phoracantha Recurva

AbstractFor the first 150 years following their introduction, eucalypts planted in the California landscape were free of both insect pests and diseases. In the last 15 years, numerous herbivorous insect species have been introduced accidentally into the State and have caused significant damage to the trees. Several of these species, e.g. Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius), Phoracantha recurva Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), have also been introduced into other parts of the world where eucalypts are grown, whereas others, e.g. Glycaspsis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Spondyliaspidae) and Eucalyptolyma maideni Froggatt (Hemiptera: Spondyliaspidae), are currently restricted to California and Australia. Research programmes have provided management solutions to individual pest problems, but as more pest species are introduced, these solutions must be integrated across broad geographic, horticultural, and economic scales, in a systems approach.

scholarly journals Effect of Fipronil + Isoprothiolane against Onion Thrips and Purple Blotch Disease and Its Effect on Parasites and Predators

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
M. R. Ravikumar ◽  
T. Ganapathi ◽  
G. R. Rajakumar
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
The World ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Bulb Yield

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the important vegetable cum condiment crop grown throughout the world. Onion crop is infested by various insect pests and diseases right from seedling to harvesting stage. The experiment was conducted in farmer’s fields of Ranebennur (Haveri–District) to evaluate the bio-efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Fipronil + Isoprothiolane against Thrips and Purple Blotch disease in onion and its effect on parasites and predators during kharif-2018 and rabi-2019 seasons. Amongst the treatments, the formulation Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1500 ml/ha was excellent in controlling thrips (2.47/trifoliate leaf) and showed the least severity of purple blotch  (3.02% PDI) followed by Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC@ 1250 ml/ha (2.85 and 3.25)1000 ml/ha (2.99 and 3.67 % PDI) respectively. The results revealed that amongst the treatments, Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1500 ml recorded the highest bulb yield                (21.52 t/ha) which was on par with the 1250 and 1000 ml/ha. The formulation Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1000 ml/ha was found to be  cost effective followed by treatment of Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1250ml /ha for control of thrips and  prevention of Purple Blotch disease hence which is recommended for  control of thrips and Purple Blotch  disease in onion.

scholarly journals Integrated nutrition management in pigeon pea intercropping systems for enhancing production and productivity in sustainable manner– A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2143-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumawat ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Jagdeesh Morya ◽  
I.S. Tomar ◽  
R. S. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The World

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world accounting for about 29 per cent of the world area and 19 per cent of the world’s production. In order to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses, the projected requirement by the year 2025 is estimated at 27.5 MT. To meet this requirement, the productivity needs to be enhanced to 1000 kg/ha, and an additional area of about 3-4 Mha has to be brought under pulses besides reducing post-harvest losses. This uphill task has to be accomplished under more severe production constraints, especially abiotic stresses, abrupt climatic changes, emergence of new species/ strains of insect-pests and diseases, and in-creasing deficiency of secondary and micronutrients in the soil. This requires a two-pronged proactive strategy, i.e. improving per unit productivity and reducing cost of production. The yield levels of pulses have remained low and stagnant, also area and total production. Among the pulses pigeon pea is second most important grain-legumes and major constraints in pigeon pea production is mostly grown in grown on marginal lands under rainfed agriculture and without nutrient management, hence are prone to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is essential for higher production and productivity of pigeon pea, use of high yielding varieties which suitable for intercrop as well as sole cropping system with best nutrient management practices.

Eco-smart pest management in rice farming: prospects and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
R Tripathi ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Suchismita Kar ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Computer Based

The insect problem is accentuated in intensive rice cropping where the insects occur throughout the year in overlapping generations. Over 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, although the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major importance but the economic damage caused by these species varies greatly from field to field and from year to year. Insect pests cause about 10-15 per cent yield losses. Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their rice crop to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on precision farming tools being used in rice pest and diseases management viz., forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, hyper-spectral remote sensing in pest damage assessment, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

scholarly journals Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Arisaema (Areaceae): a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena Ali ◽  
Ubaid Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Abstract Background The genus Arisaema (Areaceae), popularly known as cobra lilies and jack in pulpit is mainly found in temperate to tropical areas of all continents except South America, Europe and Australia and contain about more than 250 species. Arisaema genus is being used by the different folks of human populations for medicinal as well as food purposes. Arisaema plants are used for the treatment of different types of diseases. There have been several attempts to highlight different aspects of genus Arisaema by describing it in terms of phytochemistry and medicinal uses. The present study is, however, an attempt to put together all the former data available related to the phytochemistry and medicinal uses of genus Arisaema. Main body The phytochemicals of the plant include alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, lectins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, stigmasterols, n-alkanes, n-alkanols sitosterols, campesterol, oxalates, coumarins, tannins etc. Moreover, the properties such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, nematocidal, antiallergic antitumour and anticancer activities are also shown by the plants belonging to genus Arisaema. Arisaema plants have been traditionally used to treat various ailments such as resolving phlegm, dampness, and to treat asthma, bronchitis, cold, cough, and laryngitis etc. It has been found that there are several species which are toxic by nature. The development of clinical applications of arisaematis rhizomes had been seriously constrained due to its toxic properties like, mouth and lingua pain, even respiration slowing and suffocation, mucous membrane and skin irritation etc. and this toxicity of arisaematis rhizomes is due to raphide components. Conclusions The collection of data available on the phytochemistry of genus Arisaema is not sufficient as further work is required to do on phytochemical and medicinal basis. The data available on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the plants belonging to genus Arisaema throws light on various species of Arisaema which are medicinally important and have been exploited to treat different types of diseases in the world.

MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF LITCHI AND LONGAN IN CHINA

2010 ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Q. Hu ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
Z.J. Cai ◽  
R.J. Wu ◽  
X.X. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pests And Diseases

Cornus mas: a review on traditional uses and pharmacological properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hosseinpour-Jaghdani ◽  
Tahoora Shomali ◽  
Sajedeh Gholipour-Shahraki ◽  
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties

AbstractMedicinal plants that are used today have been known by people of ancient cultures around the world and have largely been considered due to their medicinal properties.

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document