ESTABLISHMENT AND SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTIVITY OF BROMEGRASS AND ALFALFA SEEDED WITH AN ARGENTINE RAPESEED COMPANION CROP IN NORTHEASTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WADDINGTON ◽  
S. BITTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Companion Crop

Yields of pure stands of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) established on summerfallow with and without an Argentine rape-seed (Brassica napus L.) companion crop were compared at Melfort in three tests, each maintained for 4 yr. In all three experiments, yields over the 4-yr period were greater when the forage was established alone, and in two of the three, bromegrass produced more than alfalfa. When established with rapeseed, forages produced much less dry matter in the seedling year than when established alone, and the effects of the companion crop carried over into the following year. Thereafter, the yield differences between the two establishment methods were small and in the final year had disappeared. Argentine rapeseed suppressed forage seedling growth more in the 2 yr with average or cool summers, than in the year with a hot summer. Alfalfa was more severely suppressed than bromegrass in the year with the best growing season.Key words: Bromegrass, alfalfa, rapeseed, companion crops, forage yield, forage establishment

Compositional changes in developing rape seed (Brassica napus L.)

Planta ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Norton ◽  
J. F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Compositional Changes

GROWTH OF BARLEY, BROMEGRASS AND ALFALFA IN THE GREENHOUSE IN SOIL CONTAINING RAPESEED AND WHEAT RESIDUES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Under greenhouse conditions, incorporating ground straw in the soil at rates between 2,240 and 8,970 kg/ha reduced the emergence of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. cv. Beaver) significantly (P < 0.05) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv. Magna) slightly, but had no effect on barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Conquest). Rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Target and B. campestris L. cv. Echo) straws were more damaging than wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manitou) straw. Symptoms of severe nitrogen deficiency appeared early in the growth of barley where straw had been added to the soil. The effect on tillering varied. In one experiment tillers were smaller, in one tillers were larger; but in both, total leaf area produced was much less where 8,970 kg/ha of straw had been added to the soil. Bromegrass showed the same effects but to a lesser degree, probably because of slower growth requiring a smaller supply of nitrogen. Alfalfa growth was apparently unaffected. There was no evidence that the straw of either rapeseed species was more deleterious than wheat straw to crop growth after emergence. It is concluded that straw incorporated in soil affected barley and bromegrass growth by reducing the availability of nitrogen.

Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1461-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ren ◽  
Jianfang Zhu ◽  
Nazim Hussain ◽  
Shanlin Ma ◽  
Genru Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Neck Diameter

Ren, Y., Zhu, J., Hussain, N., Ma, S., Ye, G., Zhang, D. and Hua, S. 2014. Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1461–1469. Seedling quality is an essential indicator for seed yield in canola, which is affected by many factors, including seedling age. Two field experiments were conducted to compare canola seedling quality and seed yield on 30-, 35-, 40-, 45-, 50-, 55-, and 60-d-old seedlings in 2011 and 2012. The relationship between seedling quality traits and seed yield of different seedling ages was also analyzed. Results revealed that the highest seed yield obtained from 40-d-old seedlings was attributed to more branches and siliques per plant. The negative effect of young seedlings (30-d-old) on seed yield was greater than that of old seedlings (60-d-old). The reduction rates in seed yield on the 30- and 60-d-old seedlings were 25.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the 40-d-old seedlings. Increased root neck diameter, green leaf number, shoot, and root dry matter was the case on 40-d-old seedling transplanted plants compared with other ages. However, the increase was larger in the old seedlings than in the young seedlings. On average, the shoot and root dry weights of the 30-d-old seedlings were 1.9 and 1.7% of those in the 60-d-old seedlings. However, correlation analysis revealed that the seedlings with the highest shoot and root dry matter did not necessarily obtain the highest seed yield. Factor analysis suggested that the effects of root neck diameter and green leaf number on seed yield were more pronounced than those of shoot and root dry matter. Therefore, high seed yield in canola could be defined in terms of optimum green leaf numbers and branches per plant.

The effect of dairy effluent on dry matter yields, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content of summer-active regrowth forage crops in southern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
Gavin Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Dry Land

In southern Australia, the majority of dry land dairy farms use a 2-pond system to treat and contain dairy effluent collected at the milking platform. This effluent contains a range of nutrients that have the potential to affect forage dry matter (DM) yields, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content of forages. The effect of applying second-pond dairy effluent to the summer-active forages chicory (Chichorium intybus L. cv. Grouse), Hunter (Brassica campestris L. × Brassica napus L.), Winfred (Brassica napus L.), and Sweet Jumbo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf.) over two summer periods was measured. Effluent was applied at rates of 0, 40, 80, and 100 mm with application split into two equal application times. The first occurred 6–10 weeks after sowing and the second immediately after the first grazing. Forages were assessed for DM yield, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content over the two growth periods in each year. Analysis of effluent showed that on average over the 2 years, the effluent contained 146, 34, 439, and 18 kg/ML of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S), respectively. Furthermore, the effluent also contained 161 kg/ML of calcium (Ca) and 222 kg/ML of magnesium (Mg). For the total growth period in Year 1, all crops showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in DM yield to applied effluent, with response values varying for each crop. Responses were 49, 52, 29, and 51 kg DM/ha.mm applied effluent for chicory, Hunter, Sweet Jumbo, and Winfred, respectively. For Year 2, all crops also showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in DM yield (15 kg DM/ha.mm applied effluent) with applied effluent. In Year 1, crude protein (CP) content of all crops increased (P < 0.05) in a linear manner at rates of 0.073 and 0.047% per mm applied effluent for growth periods 1 and 2. There were also linear responses (P < 0.05) in Year 2, with responses varying for each crop for each growth period. For chicory there was no effect of effluent application on CP content in either growth period, while other crops generally exhibited a linear increase with responses of up to 0.08% per mm applied effluent. The greatest changes in mineral content of herbage were those of K, Ca, and Mg. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in K content for all growth periods in Years 1 and 2. Magnesium content of chicory (periods 1 and 2) and Winfred (period 2) showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in response to effluent application in Year 1, whereas there was no effect in Year 2 for any crops. The results from this study highlight the potential of second-pond dairy effluent to increase DM yields of a range of summer-active forage crops. The data also suggest that while effluent can improve DM yields when soil moisture is limiting, when additional moisture as rainfall occurs, responses from effluent are even more pronounced. In addition, the CP content of forages can be improved when effluent is applied. The combination of increased DM yield with higher CP content provides greater flexibility in dairy cattle feeding options through the dry summer period.

Dry matter and nitrogen partitioning and translocation in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Papantoniou ◽  
J. T. Tsialtas ◽  
D. K. Papakosta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

For crops grown in Mediterranean environments, translocation of pre-anthesis assimilates to the fruit is of great importance, because hot and dry conditions during fruit ripening diminish net assimilation rate and nitrogen (N) uptake. This field study was conducted to assess the pattern of dry matter and N accumulation and the role of assimilate translocation in pod development of oilseed rape plants in a Mediterranean environment. Four cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), i.e. three hybrids (Royal, Exact, Excalibur) and an inbred line (Fortis), were grown for two growing seasons (2005–06 and 2006–07) in northern Greece. On average, 581, 1247, 1609, and 2749 growing degree-days (GDD) were required for six leaves, stem elongation, 50% anthesis in main stem, and physiological maturity in the first year, and 539, 1085, 1601, and 2728 GDD in the second year. The R2 of the modified Richards function indicated that aboveground biomass and N accumulation were described with high approximation efficacy. The across-cultivars genotype mean maximum predicted total aboveground dry matter and N content were 1368.8 and 21.4 g m–2 in 2006 and 1655.1 and 25.4 g m–2 in 2007. In 2007, dry matter and N translocation from vegetative tissues to pods were 464.4 and 21.0 g m–2, and significantly higher than the corresponding values recorded in 2006 (264.4 and 17.0 g m–2). These differences were due to greater amounts of dry matter and N accumulating at anthesis and the greater sink capacity of plants (pod number) in 2007. The fact that pod development occurred in a period when N accumulation by oilseed rape plants had stopped led to high values of contribution of pre-anthesis N accumulation to pod N content in both years (92.8% in 2006 and 96.6% in 2007). Results indicated that hot and dry weather post anthesis reduced dramatically the net assimilation rates; thus, translocation of pre-anthesis assimilates was crucial for pod development. The results demonstrate that variation in weather conditions between growing seasons is one of the main causes of seasonal variation in oilseed rape productivity under Mediterranean conditions.

scholarly journals Karadeniz Sahil Kuşağında Yağlık Kolza (Brassica napus L.,) Bitkisinin Çiçeklenme Fenolojisi, Çiçek Sayısı, Nektar ve Polen Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Necda Çankaya ◽  
Ulviye Kumova
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Second Year

This research was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in order to determine the flowering phenology, number of flowers, nectar and pollen potential in the Samsun province of the oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which is widely used in agriculture in our country. In the first year of the study (2011), it was determined that the rapeseed plant was in flower for 44 days, there were 2.694 flowers per plant, 1.89 kg/da nectar per day and 1330 kg/da pollen production. In the second year of the research (2012), it was revealed that the rapeseed plant was in flower for 39 days, there were 701 plants/flower in the plant, 0.38 kg/da nectar secreted daily and 331.57 kg/da pollen. According to the results of two years, the yield of rapeseed was found to be 41.5 days, the daily nectar production was 0.23 mg/flower/day, the nectar dry matter level was 20.25% and the pollen production was 0.48 mg/flower/day. In Samsun province, it was determined that rapeseed plants flowered before the flowering of many plants in the vicinity in the early spring, and provided honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and many other honey bees, nectar and pollen. It has been demonstrated that the cultivation of rapeseed is cultivated in the early spring, and it can be a convenient source of food for honey bees and other dusty insects.

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