DIFFUSE KNAPWEED INVASION INTO RANGELAND IN THE DRY INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH H. MYERS ◽  
DENIS E. BERUBE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Grazed Grassland

Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) was observed to invade a lightly grazed grassland in the interior Douglas-fir zone southeast of Kamloops, B.C. The presence of knapweed at densities of approximately 15 flowering plants/m2 reduced the growth of grass during the summer by about 2/3 and grass biomass by approximately 1/2. Knapweed seedling density dropped sharply over a distance of 10–20 m, but neither the ratios of seedling-to-rosette nor rosette-to-flowering plant changed significantly over this density gradient. Fertilization did not alter the grass or knapweed summer growth or biomass, but selective grazing by cattle might have obliterated any difference. The front of diffuse knapweed distribution advanced approximately 120 m during 3 yr, and scattered patches of plants occurred even further into the grassland. We conclude that overgrazing is not a necessary prerequisite to the invasion of diffuse knapweed into grassland.Key words: Knapweed, weed invasion, introduced weed, rangeland weed

Knapweed and Its Control in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-268
Author(s):  
Peter D. Graham Dyck
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Agricultural Loss

In the last two decades the weed species, diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and spotted knapweed (C. maculosa) have gained prominence in the British Columbia interior. These aggressive species have invaded over 40,000 hectares (100,000 acres) of British Columbia range and forest land and are spreading at a rate of about 10% per year. Knapweed can reduce the native forage by as much as 80 to 90% and thus destroy the food supply for cattle and wild animals such as elk and deer. If the weeds spread to their ecological limit over 1 million hectares in British Columbia could be affected, causing an estimated agricultural loss of $13 million annually (Cranston, R. 1985, B.C. Min. of Agric. 85–1). The potential extinction of native plant and animal species is a cost too great to be measured.

Successful biological control of diffuse knapweed, Centaurea diffusa, in British Columbia, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Myers ◽  
Caroline Jackson ◽  
Hillary Quinn ◽  
Shannon R. White ◽  
Jenny S. Cory
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 6. CENTAUREA DIFFUSA AND C. MACULOSA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. WATSON ◽  
A. J. RENNEY
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Semiarid Rangeland

A summary of biological information on Centaurea diffusa Lam. (diffuse knapweed) and C. maculosa Lam. (spotted knapweed) is presented. The knapweeds are common on semiarid rangeland, highway and railroad right-of-ways and waste places in southern British Columbia. Spotted knapweed is also common in eastern Canada.

scholarly journals Flowering plant embryos: How did we end up here?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan A. Rensing ◽  
Dolf Weijers
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Current State ◽  
Plant Embryo

AbstractThe seeds of flowering plants are sexually produced propagules that ensure dispersal and resilience of the next generation. Seeds harbor embryos, three dimensional structures that are often miniatures of the adult plant in terms of general structure and primordial organs. In addition, embryos contain the meristems that give rise to post-embryonically generated structures. However common, flowering plant embryos are an evolutionary derived state. Flowering plants are part of a much larger group of embryo-bearing plants, aptly termed Embryophyta. A key question is what evolutionary trajectory led to the emergence of flowering plant embryos. In this opinion, we deconstruct the flowering plant embryo and describe the current state of knowledge of embryos in other plant lineages. While we are far yet from understanding the ancestral state of plant embryogenesis, we argue what current knowledge may suggest and how the knowledge gaps may be closed.

scholarly journals Floral Resources Sustaining African Meliponine Bee Species (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in a Fragile Habitat of Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget O. Bobadoye ◽  
Paul N. Ndegwa ◽  
Lucy Irungu ◽  
Fombong Ayuka ◽  
Robert Kajobe
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Habitat Gradients ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Diverse Habitat

A vast majority of insects visit flowers for food, generally termed as floral rewards. Detailed insights on flowering phenology of plants could give a hint of habitat status and the extent to which such landscapes could support insect pollinators to render both direct and indirect ecosystem services. This study monitored flowering plants which could potentially provide both pollen and nectar sources to four African meliponine bee species (Apidae: Meliponini) naturally occurring in six diverse habitat gradients of the eastern arc mountains (Taita hills) of Kenya. Blooming sequences of identified flowering plants overlapped across seasons with approximately 80 different plant species belonging to 34 families recorded, with the highest proportions from Fabaceae and Asteraceae families dominating flowering plants that were visited (67% of the visits).  A flowering calendar is presented to indicate the phenological pattern of all identified floral resources.  Hypotrigona gribodoi being the most abundant species had the highest visitation rates on plants belonging to Fabaceae and Asteraceae families, followed by Meliponula ferruginea (black), Plebeina hildebrandti and Hypotrigona ruspolii. This indicates that such fragile habitat could invariably sustain nutritional requirements essential for the survival of insect pollinators such as native meliponine bee species, though bee abundance at flowers did not significantly correlate to food availability (expressed by flowering plant richness).

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Phylogenomic Platform for Exploring the Angiosperm Tree of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Baker ◽  
Paul Bailey ◽  
Vanessa Barber ◽  
Abigail Barker ◽  
Sidonie Bellot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Sequence Capture ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Life On Earth

AbstractThe tree of life is the fundamental biological roadmap for navigating the evolution and properties of life on Earth, and yet remains largely unknown. Even angiosperms (flowering plants) are fraught with data gaps, despite their critical role in sustaining terrestrial life. Today, high-throughput sequencing promises to significantly deepen our understanding of evolutionary relationships. Here, we describe a comprehensive phylogenomic platform for exploring the angiosperm tree of life, comprising a set of open tools and data based on the 353 nuclear genes targeted by the universal Angiosperms353 sequence capture probes. This paper (i) documents our methods, (ii) describes our first data release and (iii) presents a novel open data portal, the Kew Tree of Life Explorer (https://treeoflife.kew.org). We aim to generate novel target sequence capture data for all genera of flowering plants, exploiting natural history collections such as herbarium specimens, and augment it with mined public data. Our first data release, described here, is the most extensive nuclear phylogenomic dataset for angiosperms to date, comprising 3,099 samples validated by DNA barcode and phylogenetic tests, representing all 64 orders, 404 families (96%) and 2,333 genera (17%). Using the multi-species coalescent, we inferred a “first pass” angiosperm tree of life from the data, which totalled 824,878 sequences, 489,086,049 base pairs, and 532,260 alignment columns. The tree is strongly supported and highly congruent with existing taxonomy, while challenging numerous hypothesized relationships among orders and placing many genera for the first time. The validated dataset, species tree and all intermediates are openly accessible via the Kew Tree of Life Explorer. This major milestone towards a complete tree of life for all flowering plant species opens doors to a highly integrated future for angiosperm phylogenomics through the systematic sequencing of standardised nuclear markers. Our approach has the potential to serve as a much-needed bridge between the growing movement to sequence the genomes of all life on Earth and the vast phylogenomic potential of the world’s natural history collections.

Botanical Identity of Seasonal Flowering Plants Available and Maintained in the Home Gardens of District Nainital, Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Negi ◽  
Vandana Tiwari ◽  
Puran Mehta ◽  
Rajni Rawat ◽  
Saraswati Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seasonal Flowering ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Uttarakhand is a store house of plant genetic resources of several crop groups including ornamentals and seasonal flowering plant species. A wide range of seasonal flowering plants are being grown in the region because of its various and favourable agro-geo climatic zones. Ornamental plant enhances aesthetic value of our environment. There are 8 developmental blocks and 1082 villages in district Nainital of Uttarakhand. Nainital district, is a part of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. It lies between 29?0.1' to 29?36' 21'' N latitude and 78?50' 53'' to 80?06' E longitude. More than 7.62 lakh population reside in 4064 km2 of geographical area of district Nainital. The district falls under sub-tropical to temperate zones. During the course of field survey (2013-2015), we came across wide range of seasonal flowering plants mostly belong to exotic origin being grown in the home gardens of natives of the region situated in different agro-ecological niches. The present study highlighted a total of 150 seasonal flowering plants with 120 genera belonging to 50 families. These were arranged alphabetically with botanical names followed by vernacular and trade name, family, origin or native place, nature, season with appropriate remarks of variation in shape, size and colour, method of propagation with economic status.

RELIABILITY OF FLOWERING AS AN INDICATOR OF WINTER SURVIVAL IN RED CLOVER

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Smith
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
High Degree

Flowering response of first-year individual plants of nine varieties of red clover was studied at Arlington, Wisconsin. Plant populations of varieties with high winterhardiness had high percentages of non-flowering plants. Winterkilling of plant types increased progressively from non-flowering Type 1 to profuse flowering Type 5.Highly significant correlations were obtained between per cent winterkilling during the first winter with per cent non-flowering plant Type 1 (r = −0.90 and −0.95 during 2 years), per cent of flowering plant Type 5 (r = +0.92 and +0.80), and the total per cent of non-flowering plants (r = −0.90 and −0.94). Flowering response can be used with a high degree of reliability in establishing the probable persistence of new strains relative to standard varieties and as a selection criterion for hardy plants.

scholarly journals Toevoegings tot die blomplantlys van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Check List ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Additions to the check list of flowering plants of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Thirteen additional flowering plant species are reported from the Mountain Zebra National Park, increasing the total reported to 371 species.

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