SOLUBLE SUGAR CHANGES OCCURRING DURING COLD HARDENING OF SPRING WHEAT, FALL RYE AND ALFALFA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Spring Type

Alfa, a relatively nonhardy alfalfa cultivar continued to accumulate, on a dry weight basis, fructose, α- and β-D-glucose, sucrose and maltose during the latter stages of cold hardening. Rambler, a hardier alfalfa cultivar conversely showed a decrease for these soluble sugars with hardening. Frontier rye, a very hardy winter habit cereal showed decreases in these soluble sugars plus melibiose during the same hardening period. These results support the hypothesis that hardy cereals and alfalfa undergo a decrease in soluble sugars with hardening, while less hardy cereals and alfalfa continue to increase in content of soluble sugars. Manitou wheat appeared not to fit this hypothesis and showed the decreased soluble sugars usually associated with hardy cultivars. Although Manitou is a spring type wheat, one of its parents, Thatcher, does contain gene(s) for the winter habit.Key words: Sugar, cold hardening, wheat, rye, alfalfa

Desiccation tolerance in relation to soluble sugar contents in seeds of ten coffee (CoffeaL.) species

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chabrillange ◽  
Stéphane Dussert ◽  
Florent Engelmann ◽  
Sylvie Doulbeau ◽  
Serge Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Coffee Species

AbstractLarge differences in seed desiccation sensitivity have been observed previously among ten coffee species (Coffea arabica, C. brevipes, C. canephora, C. eugenioides, C. humilis, C. liberica, C. pocsii, C. pseudo-zanguebariae, C. sessiliflora and C.stenophylla). Of these species,C. libericaandC. humiliswere the most sensitive to desiccation andC. pseudozanguebariaethe most tolerant. A study was carried out using the same seed lots to investigate if these differences in desiccation tolerance could be correlated with differences in soluble sugar content. Soluble sugars were extracted from dry seeds and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. The seed monosaccharide (glucose and fructose) content was very low (1.5 to 2 mg g-1dry weight [dw]) in all species studied. The sucrose content ranged from 33 mg g-1dw inC. libericaseeds to 89 mg g-1dw in seeds ofC. pocsii. Raffinose was detected in the seeds of only five species (C.arabica, C.brevipes, C.humilis, C.sessiliflora, C.stenophylla), among which only three species (C.arabica, C.sessilifloraandC.brevipes) also contained stachyose. Both raffinose and stachyose were present in very low quantities (0.3–1.4 mg g-1dw and 0.1–0.7 mg g-1dw, respectively). Verbascose was never detected. No significant relationship was found between seed desiccation sensitivity and: (i) the sugar content; (ii) the presence/absence of oligosaccharides; and (iii) the oligosaccharide:sucrose ratio.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION AND METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES IN MARIGOLD SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 648d-648
Author(s):  
Jack W. Buxton ◽  
Donna Switzer ◽  
Guoqiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Lower Light Intensity

Marigold seedlings, 3 weeks old, were grown in natural light growth chambers at 3 day/night temperature regimes, 8°N/16°D, 13°N/20°D and 18°N/24°D, in a factorial combination with ambient and 1000-1500 ppm CO2. Seedlings were harvested at regular intervals during a 24 hr period and were analyzed for soluble sugars (reducing sugars and sucrose) and starch. Neither temperature nor CO2 concentration affected the accumulation of soluble sugars or starch during the day or night. The soluble sugar concentration ranged from 3% of dry weight at sunrise to 6% at mid-day; the concentration changed little during the night. Light intensity was different during replications of the experiment. Increased light intensity appeared to cause a slight increase in the soluble sugars maintained by the seedling during the day. Accumulated starch increased 6% to 8% from sunrise to late afternoon. Preliminary results indicate that light intensity greatly affected the concentration of starch. On the higher light intensity day, starch accumulated to a maximum of 18% of dry weight; whereas on the lower light intensity day the maximum concentration was 10%. During the night following the lower light intensity day, the starch concentration decreased to approximately 3% by the end of the night; following a brighter day the starch content was 13% at the end of the night.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Kamal-Eldin ◽  
Navomy George ◽  
Bhawna Sobti ◽  
Nouf AlRashidi ◽  
Sami Ghnimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Fruit Texture ◽  
Date Fruits

AbstractDate fruits vary widely in the hardness of their edible parts and they are classified accordingly into soft, semi-dry, and dry varieties. Fruit texture, a significant parameter in determining consumer acceptance, is related to the tissue structure and chemical composition of the fruit, mainly the ratio of sucrose to reducing sugars. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the chemical composition, microstructure, and texture profile of 10 major Emirati date fruits. The soluble sugars, glucose and fructose, represent ca 80 g/100 g of the fruits on the basis of dry weight (DW) while the dietary fiber contents varied 5.2–7.4 g/100 dg D.W. with lignin being the main determinant of the variability. The textures of the samples were studied using instrumental texture profile analysis. While no correlation was found between the soluble sugar and texture parameters in this study, the different fiber constituents correlated variably with the different parameters of date fruit texture. Lignin, arabinoxylan, galactomannan, and pectin were found to correlate significantly with fruit hardness and the related parameters, gumminess and chewiness. Both lignin and arabinoxylan correlated with resilience, and arabinoxylan exhibited a strong correlation with cohesiveness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Sultan Mehmood ◽  
Asif Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content

Abstract Background Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties ‘Wadan-17’ (rainfed) and ‘Pirsabaq-2013’ (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha−1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. Results We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.

scholarly journals `Hass' Avocado Carbohydrate Fluctuations. I. Growth and Phenology

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Paul W. Robinson ◽  
Monica A. Madore ◽  
Guy W. Witney ◽  
Mary Lu Arpaia
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Hass Avocado

Seasonal fluctuations in nonstructural carbohydrates (starch and soluble sugars) were studied in `Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees on `Duke 7' rootstock over a 2-year period in southern California. On a dry weight basis, total soluble sugar (TSS) concentrations ranged from 33.0 to 236.0 mg·g-1 dry weight and were high compared to starch concentration (2.0 to 109.0 mg·g-1 dry weight) in all measured organs (stems, leaves, trunks and roots). The seven carbon (C7) sugars, D-mannoheptulose and perseitol, were the dominant soluble sugars detected. The highest starch and TSS concentrations were found in stem tissues, and in stems, a distinct seasonal fluctuation in starch and TSS concentrations was observed. This coincided with vegetative growth flushes over both sampling years. Stem TSS and starch concentrations increased beginning in autumn, with cessation of shoot growth, until midwinter, possibly due to storage of photosynthate produced during the winter photosynthetic period. TSS peaked in midwinter, while starch increased throughout the winter to a maximum level in early spring. A second peak in stem TSS was observed in midsummer following flowering and spring shoot growth. At this time, stem starch concentration also decreased to the lowest level of the year. This complementary cycling between stem TSS and starch suggests that a conversion of starch to sugars occurs to support vegetative growth and flowering, while sugars produced photosynthetically may be allocated directly to support flowering and fruit production.

scholarly journals Seasonal Carbohydrate Fluctuations in `Hass' Avocado

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685a-685
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
P. Robinson ◽  
M.L. Arpaia ◽  
G.W. Witney
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Tree Phenology ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Extension Center

Monthly samples were taken from 9-year-old `Hass' avocado trees on Duke 7 rootstock grown at the UC Southcoast Research and Extension Center in Irvine, Calif. Changes in starch and total soluble sugars were monitored from fine and coarse roots, trunk (above the bud union), small diameter stems, leaves, and fruit. When possible, seasonal carbohydrate changes were compared to root and shoot flushing patterns. In all of the vegetative plant organs monitored, total soluble sugars accounted for most of the carbohydrate. Starch accounted for ≈10% of the sample dry weight, whereas the total soluble sugars accounted for ≈18%. D-mannoheptulose and perseitol, both C7 sugars, were the predominant soluble sugars throughout the year. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose accounted for <5% of the total soluble sugars. During fruit development, soluble sugar content of the exo- and mesocarp tissues >25% of the dry weight. The significance of these findings will be discussed in relationship to tree phenology and carbohydrate partitioning.

scholarly journals Growth, Photosynthesis, and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Plants to Complementation with Monochromic or Mixed Red-Blue LEDs for Use in Indoor Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Gabriela Martínez-Ramírez ◽  
Eva María Almansa ◽  
Francisco Javier Barbero ◽  
Rosa María Chica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Red Leds

Inch (Tradescantia zebrina) and spider (Chlorophytum comosum) plants were grown in a growth chamber for two months in plastic containers to evaluate the effects of different light treatments (TO Tube luminescent Dunn (TLD) lamps or control), TB (TLD lamps + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs)), TR (TLD lamps + red LEDs), and TBR (TLD lamps + blue and red LEDs) on biomass, photosynthesis, and physiological parameters. Total dry weight and water content were evaluated at the end of the experimental period. After two months, pigment concentrations and the photosynthetic rate were assessed in both species. The total soluble sugar, starch, and proline concentrations in the leaf as physiological parameters were studied at the end of the experiment. Both species had increased root, shoot, and total dry weight under blue LEDs conditions. The chlorophyll concentration showed a specific response in each species under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. The highest photosynthetic rate was measured under the addition of mixed red-blue LEDs with TLD lamps. At the physiological level, each species triggered different responses with respect to total soluble sugars and the proline concentration in leaves under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. Our study demonstrated that the addition of blue LEDs is advisable for the production of these ornamental foliage species.

The effect of sample date and plant density on the carbohydrate content of forage maize and the changes that occur on ensiling

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McAllan ◽  
R. H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

SummaryThe (early maturing) maize hybrid, Anjou 210, was sown on 1 May (1975) and 50000 (LD) and 150000 (HD) plants/ha established. Leaf, stem, ear and husk components of the shoots, and whole shoots were separately examined for changes in dry weight, soluble sugars, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose at regular intervals from 104 to 154 days after planting together with whole shoots after ensiling.Throughout the sampling period whole shoot and ear dry weights increased steadily whereas those of leaf and stem decreased in plants from both treatments.Total soluble sugar contents for plants grown at LD were at a maximum 104 days after planting compared with 125 days after planting for the HD crop. Immediately prior to ensiling whole shoot soluble sugar content was 74 and 93 g/kg D.M. for LD and HD treatments respectively.Small amounts of starch (g/kg D.M.) were found in stems (10–25), husks (40–80) and leaves (17–35) of plants grown at both densities. The starch content of the ear increased from 57 to 390 g/kg D.M. and 168 to 376 g/kg D.M. in plants grown at LD and HD respectively.For plants from both treatments hemicellulose contents of husks, leaves and whole shoots increased with age whereas those of stems decreased. Cellulose contents did not vary greatly over the growing season.On ensiling plants from both densities, total soluble sugars had virtually disappeared after only 3 days. Apparent losses (approximately 0·3 g/g), over a longer period of time, were observed in hemicellulose sugars and starch. Apparent increases were observed in cellulose contents of approximately 0·15 g/g.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Postharvest Attributes of Glasshouse Tomatoes Produced under Deficit Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio U. Pulupol ◽  
M. Hossein Behboudian ◽  
Keith J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Blossom End Rot

In glasshouse-grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Virosa'), deficit irrigation (DI), in which plant water potential was allowed to decrease from –0.5 to –1.2 MPa, reduced plant growth and fruit yield, size and count, and caused blossom-end rot. Deficit-irrigated fruit had higher color intensity, lower water content, and higher concentration of sucrose, glucose, and fructose than well-watered (control) fruit. Fruit concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K were the same for both treatments on a dry weight basis, but they were higher in DI fruit than in control fruit on a fresh weight basis. Fruit gas exchange was measured for two 30-day-apart harvests. For both harvests, DI fruit produced higher quantities of CO2 and ethylene than control fruit. Ethylene and CO2 production peaks coincided for the first harvest in both treatments. In the second harvest, the CO2 production peak preceded that of ethylene. Despite yield reduction, DI enhanced fruit desirability in terms of higher concentration of soluble sugars and higher color intensity.

scholarly journals The difference in temperature between day and night affects the strawberry soluble sugar content by influencing the photosynthesis, respiration and sucrose phosphatase synthase

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Wu ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Zaiqiang Yang ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Yanjiao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Grey Correlation Analysis

Plenty of studies have demonstrated that DIF has an effect on the fruit growth. To study the effects of day and night temperature differences on the strawberry sugar quality, an experiment using climate chambers was conducted. Five different differences between the day and night temperatures (DIF) were set, which were 6 °C (28 °C/22 °C, day/night temperature), 8 °C (29 °C/21 °C), 10 °C (30 °C/20 °C), 12 °C (31 °C/19 °C), 14 °C (32 °C/18 °C). The results showed the following indices peaked with a DIF of 12 °C, including the photosynthesis rate, glucose content, fructose content, sucrose content, soluble sugar content and sugar metabolic enzyme activity. The respiration rate increased with the DIF during the day and decreased with the DIF at night. The root dry weight peaked at a DIF of 10 °C, the stolon dry weight peaked at a DIF of 8 °C and the leaf dry weight peaked at a DIF of 6 °C; however, the fruit dry weight reached maximum values at a DIF of 12 °C. The Grey correlation analysis showed that the most important factor in our experiment affecting the fructose content was the sucrose phosphate synthase; however, for the sucrose, glucose, and soluble sugars, the most important factor was the photosynthesis. We found that a DIF of 12 °C (31 °C/19 °C, day/night temperature) was the most suitable for strawberry growth, especially for the sugar content accumulation.

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