EFFECT OF METHOD AND DATE OF PRUNING ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HANSON ◽  
AMR. A. ISMAIL ◽  
ROLAND A. STRUCHTEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were pruned mechanically by flail mowing, or thermally by oil burning in the spring or fall. The pruning treatments had no effect on soil organic matter or pH. Leaf tissue samples taken from burned plants the first growing season after pruning were higher in N and P, but lower in Ca than leaf samples from mowed plants. Leaf tissue samples taken the second growing season following pruning were not influenced by treatments.

scholarly journals Pruning Method Affects Lowbush Blueberry Yields

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 784C-784
Author(s):  
John M. Smagula ◽  
Scott Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pruning Method ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf P

Flail mowing was compared to traditional pruning by oil fire over a 12-year period in two fertility experiments testing interactions with pruning method. In study one (1983–1986), urea at 0, 22.4, 44.8, 67.2, or 89.6 kg·ha–1 was applied preemergent in a split-block design with fertility as the main effect, and pruning method split within six blocks. Study two (1987–1994) continued the pruning and application of fertilizer on the treatment plots with similar rates, but diammonium phosphate (DAP) replaced urea as the fertilizer. Leaf tissue N concentrations were above the 1.6% standard and urea had no effect or decreased yield. There was no interaction of fertility and pruning and no effect of pruning method on yield. No interaction of fertility and pruning was found in study two, but DAP increased leaf P concentrations and yield and, after three cycles of mowing, yields had begun to decline in mowed plots compared to burned plots. No meaningful differences in leaf nutrient concentrations were found between plants in mowed and burned plots.

scholarly journals 423 PB 130 FERTILIZER FORMULATIONS AFFECT LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 491f-491
Author(s):  
John M. Smagula ◽  
David Yarborough
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Leaf N

Experimental plots in a commercial lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) field deficient in N and P received preemergent 33.6 and 67.2 kg/ha rates of N (urea), P (23 % phosphoric acid), N+P (DAP), N+P+K (S-10-5) or N+P+K (fish hydrolysate, 2-4-2). A RCB design with eight replications of 12 treatments was used. Fertilizer containing N alone was as effective in raising N leaf concentrations, as those containing N and P. However, leaf phosphorus concentrations were raised more by fertilizer providing N and P than only P. Fish hydrolysate fertilizer was as effective as 5-10-5 in raising leaf N, P and K concentrations in prune and crop year leaf samples.

Accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and an insect gall of lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bagatto ◽  
J. D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Insect Gall

The accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and galls of Hemadas nubilipennis on lowbush blueberry near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, was investigated. Concentrations of these metals in the root, stem, and leaf tissue decline logarithmically with increasing distance from the Sudbury smelter. The pattern of accumulation for copper and nickel in the various tissues was root > stem > leaf > berry; however, metal differences in these tissues were not as great in plants farther from the smelter. The root tissue is the primary site of accumulation of these metals when environmental levels of copper and nickel are high. The highest concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the galls, indicating that gall tissues act as a strong physiological sink for micronutrients and redirect nutrients from the host plant. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, copper, nickel, gall, Sudbury.

scholarly journals 310 Lowbush Blueberry Response to Soil- or Foliar-applied Zinc Fertilizers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 496B-496
Author(s):  
J.M. Smagula ◽  
W. Litten ◽  
S. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in two commercial fields were treated with a preemergent soil application of ZnSO4 at 0.34 g Zn/m2 or a prune-year or crop-year foliar application of Zintrac (1.76 g Zn/L) in a RCB design with five treatments and nine blocks, using 1.5 x 15-m treatment plots. Prune-year foliar Zintrac treatments were applied 20 June and 30 June at 53.8 mL·m-2 or 20 June at 107.6 mL·m-2. A crop-year application of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m-2 was made on 26 June at only one location. Composite leaf tissue samples taken 14 July of the prune year indicated that two applications of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m-2 raised Zn concentrations at both locations more than a single application at twice the rate. Soil application of ZnSO4 did not raise leaf Zn concentrations compared to the control at either location. Crop-year leaf samples taken 6 July at the site that received the crop-year foliar treatment indicated no carryover effect of prune-year Zn treatments on leaf Zn concentration, but crop-year foliar application of Zn from Zintrac did raise leaf Zn concentrations compared to the controls. The characteristics of stems sampled in the fall of the prune year at each location (stem density, stem length, flower bud formation) were not meaningfully affected by any of the prune-year treatments. Blueberry yield was not affected by any of the treatments at either location. These data suggest that control plot leaf Zn concentrations of about 15 ppm in both fields were adequate. Raising the leaf Zn concentrations to about 80 ppm with two applications of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m -2 had no effect on growth or yield.

scholarly journals Soil properties and not inputs control carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios in cropped soils in the long term

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Nina Buchmann ◽  
Else K. Bünemann ◽  
Delwende I. Kiba ◽  
François Lompo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract. Stoichiometric approaches have been applied to understand the relationship between soil organic matter dynamics and biological nutrient transformations. However, very few studies have explicitly considered the effects of agricultural management practices on the soil C : N : P ratio. The aim of this study was to assess how different input types and rates would affect the C : N : P molar ratios of bulk soil, organic matter and microbial biomass in cropped soils in the long term. Thus, we analysed the C, N, and P inputs and budgets as well as soil properties in three long-term experiments established on different soil types: the Saria soil fertility trial (Burkina Faso), the Wagga Wagga rotation/stubble management/soil preparation trial (Australia), and the DOK (bio-Dynamic, bio-Organic, and “Konventionell”) cropping system trial (Switzerland). In each of these trials, there was a large range of C, N, and P inputs which had a strong impact on element concentrations in soils. However, although C : N : P ratios of the inputs were highly variable, they had only weak effects on soil C : N : P ratios. At Saria, a positive correlation was found between the N : P ratio of inputs and microbial biomass, while no relation was observed between the nutrient ratios of inputs and soil organic matter. At Wagga Wagga, the C : P ratio of inputs was significantly correlated to total soil C : P, N : P, and C : N ratios, but had no impact on the elemental composition of microbial biomass. In the DOK trial, a positive correlation was found between the C budget and the C to organic P ratio in soils, while the nutrient ratios of inputs were not related to those in the microbial biomass. We argue that these responses are due to differences in soil properties among sites. At Saria, the soil is dominated by quartz and some kaolinite, has a coarse texture, a fragile structure, and a low nutrient content. Thus, microorganisms feed on inputs (plant residues, manure). In contrast, the soil at Wagga Wagga contains illite and haematite, is richer in clay and nutrients, and has a stable structure. Thus, organic matter is protected from mineralization and can therefore accumulate, allowing microorganisms to feed on soil nutrients and to keep a constant C : N : P ratio. The DOK soil represents an intermediate situation, with high nutrient concentrations, but a rather fragile soil structure, where organic matter does not accumulate. We conclude that the study of C, N, and P ratios is important to understand the functioning of cropped soils in the long term, but that it must be coupled with a precise assessment of element inputs and budgets in the system and a good understanding of the ability of soils to stabilize C, N, and P compounds.

DENITRIFICATION IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD J. EATON ◽  
DAVID G. PATRIQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Key Words Nitrous Oxide ◽  
A Site ◽  
Infertile Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Evolution

Effects of environmental variables on denitrification in acid (pH 4.0–5.5), infertile soils of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands were investigated under laboratory conditions. All soils produced N2O when nitrate was added and samples were waterlogged and incubated for 2 d at temperatures of 20 °C or greater. No N2O production occurred at temperatures of 15 °C or lower. Nitrous oxide was the main gas evolved at the natural pH levels of these soils. Mercuric chloride inhibited nitrous oxide evolution. Raising soil pH resulted in increased rates of denitrification, and in more conversion of nitrous oxide to dinitrogen. Soil taken from a site that had been fertilized repeatedly exhibited higher rates of N2O evolution than did soil from a site that had never been fertilized. N2O production from waterlogged samples without added nitrate was positively correlated with percent organic matter and nitrate concentration of soils at the time of sampling. In a field experiment, more N2O was produced by samples from fertilized plots than by those from unfertilized plots, but absolute values from both types of plots were low. Key words: Nitrous oxide, pH, nitrate, moisture

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Foliar Nutrients in Green and Chlorotic Red Maples

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
A. Steven Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
High K ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Foliar samples from green and chlorotic red maple trees (Acer rubrum L.) were collected during each of three periods of the growing season, and analyzed for nutrient element concentrations. Compared to green leaf nutrient concentrations, those in chlorotic leaves were statistically different as follows: high P and K, and low Mn in late spring; high N, P, K, Fe, and Zn, and low Mn in mid-summer; high K and Mg, and low Mn in late summer. Considering lowest individual nutrient concentrations per period in green leaves as critical values, most chlorotic leaves were deficient in Mn, a few were deficient in Cu or Zn, and none was deficient in Fe. Using a similar method for identifying excesses, most chlorotic leaves contained excessive K, accompanied by excessive P in mid-summer. Chlorotic leaves with no apparent micronutrient deficiencies were excessively high in some individual or combination of macronutrients, primarily K, but consistently accompanied by P in mid-summer.

scholarly journals Leaf Nutrient Levels for Pecans

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Pond ◽  
James L. Walworth ◽  
Michael W. Kilby ◽  
Richard D. Gibson ◽  
Robert E. Call ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Balance Index

Measurement of nutrients in leaf tissue is a practical method of monitoring the nutritional status of perennial crops such as pecan (Carya illinoinensis, Wang. C. Koch). Accurate interpretations require known standard concentrations for the crop and region. To determine standard concentrations for pecans, focusing on those grown in the desert southwest, we conducted a survey of 135 `Western Schley' pecan trees in Arizona for 2 years. Leaf nutrient concentrations and yield were collected for each tree. Leaf nutrient concentrations from the highest yielding trees (50th yield percentile) were used to calculate a mean and CV for each nutrient. Results were compared with data from New Mexico, Georgia, and Sonora, Mexico. Relatively large differences were noted in mean K, Ca, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels. Nutrient interpretation ranges were calculated based on Arizona population statistics using the balance index method.

Biochar affects aspen seedling growth and reclaimed soil properties in the Athabasca oil sands region

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian T. Dietrich ◽  
M. Derek MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands Region

Restoring ecosystem function after oil sands surface mining involves reestablishing the biotic and abiotic ecosystem components that affect biogeochemical cycles and fluxes. In boreal forest ecosystems, pyrogenic carbon is a native soil component that affects a variety of biogeochemical parameters and biochar is its human-made analog. To evaluate the benefits of biochar amendment to reclamation cover soils, we compared characteristics and function of peat–mineral mix (PM) and forest floor–mineral mix (FFM) with and without biochar in an 18 wk greenhouse study. We assessed nutrient bioavailability (NO3, NH4, P, K, S, Mg, and Ca), foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na, and Mo), soil respiration, rhizosphere polysaccharide concentration, soil organic matter stability, and Populus tremuloides Michx. seedling growth. Seedling growth increased significantly on PM cover soil with biochar. Biochar improved K nutritional status and potentially interacted with Na bioavailability in PM, affecting growth. Soil respiration significantly decreased in PM with biochar and increased in FFM. Soil organic matter stability was positively correlated with seedling growth and increased with biochar. Our findings suggest that biochar may have a significant positive effect on upland forest reclamation in the Athabasca oil sands region, especially on sites that are reclaimed with PM.

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