EFFECT OF NITROGEN, TEMPERATURE, GROWTH STAGE AND DURATION OF MOISTURE STRESS ON YIELD COMPONENTS AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MANITOU SPRING WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Boot Stage

Manitou spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown at combinations of three day/night temperatures (27/12 °C, 22/12 °C and 17/12 °C), three levels of fertilizer nitrogen (58, 116 and 174 kg N/ha), and three moisture stresses, nominally −0.3, −15 and −40 bars. All plants were initially grown at −0.3 bars; one moisture treatment was carried through to maturity at this water potential while the remainder were stressed at −15 or −40 bars from either (i) four-tiller, (ii) boot, or (iii) late flowering stage, to maturity. Under the conditions of this experiment, temperature was the most important factor affecting yield and protein, and moisture stress the least important. Yields were equal at 17 and 22 °C, but greater than at 27 °C. Protein was equal at 17 and 22 °C and less than at 27 °C. Yield increased with nitrogen fertility except at the highest temperature or when high moisture stress was applied from the boot stage. Plants grown under high moisture stress through the boot stage (i.e., stressed from tillering or boot) gave yield increases when fertilized with 116 kg N/ha, but 174 kg N/ha depressed yield of plants stressed from boot stage to maturity. Yields of plants stressed from tillering were generally greater than yields of plants stressed from boot stage, indicating that the plant has the ability to adapt to early stress. In contrast to findings in a simulated irrigation study, moisture stress during the boot stage depressed rather than enhanced seed set. Optimal temperature for spikelet development was near 22 °C. The growth stage most critical to the determination of number of seeds developed was boot stage and that for kernel weight was at or after anthesis. The effect of temperature or protein was independent of nitrogen or moisture level. High moisture stress during boot stage increased protein even at the lowest nitrogen level, but stress from late flowering rarely increased protein. The effect of nitrogen on protein was mainly direct while temperature and moisture acted mainly by influencing yield. The direct effect of nitrogen on protein was twice as great as temperature effect and 15 times that of moisture.

EFFECTS OF MOISTURE STRESS AT EARLY HEADING AND OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THREE SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Four Levels

Three cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at four levels of N fertilizer in metal lysimeters protected from rain by an automatic rain shelter. A soil water stress of 8 bars was developed in one-half of the lysimeters at the early boot stage. Water stress reduced yield by severely decreasing the number of kernels per spike. Tillering was not affected and kernel weight was increased. Pitic 62 withstood the high stress better than Manitou or Kenhi. N enhanced yield by increasing tillering. Kernel weight was unaffected by N, and the number of kernels per spike was decreased. Pitic, which had a higher number of kernels per spike, outyielded Manitou and Kenhi. The protein content of Manitou was higher than that of the other two cultivars. The cultivars differed in their reaction to soil water stress and N.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND MOISTURE STRESS ON GROWTH, ASSIMILATE DISTRIBUTION AND MOISTURE USE BY MANITOU SPRING WHEAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Dough Stage

The effects of early moisture stress [tillering (Tg) to last leaf visible (LLV)], late moisture stress [LLV to anthesis (AN)], and three rates of N fertilizer (44, 88 and 132 kg N/ha) on the development and moisture use characteristics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Manitou’) were determined under simulated irrigation in the growth chamber at day/night temperatures of 27 °C/12 °C (T27/12) and 22 °C/12 °C (T22/12). Plant height was unaffected by N and by early stress, but was reduced by late stress. Number of tillers increased until LLV, then decreased sharply and remained constant to maturity. More tillers were initiated at T27/12 than at T22/12, but by maturity there was little difference. Leaf blade photosynthetic area reached its maximum at LLV, while the non-leaf blade photosynthetic area reached its maximum at AN and constituted 75% of the total photosynthetic area at the milk dough stage. Heads comprised no more than 9% of the photosynthetic area at any time. Total plant matter accumulated sigmoidally, but at T27/12 and low N rates, plants lost total dry weight after the milk dough stage. Dry matter of the vegetative plant parts increased until the milk dough stage, then stems in particular, and roots to a lesser extent, lost weight. Head weight increased linearly at about 17.5 mg/head/day. Dry matter accumulation was directly proportional to N applied, inversely related to temperature, temporarily retarded by early stress and markedly reduced by late stress. Although stems were the dominant vegetative dry matter sink, leaves were the dominant N sink. A combination of high temperature, high N and moisture stress resulted in a temporary loss of N from the plants between LLV and the milk dough stage. As maturation proceeded, N assimilates appeared to move from leaves to roots into stems and thence into heads. The average rate of N accumulation in the heads was 0.22 and 0.27 mg/head/day at T22/12 and T27/12, respectively. Some N was lost by denitrification. The amount and rate of evapotranspiration were directly proportional to N applied and in general inversely related to moisture stress. The rate of moisture use was generally more rapid at T27/12, but the amount used was no different from that at T22/12. Plants stressed early recovered and used water at the same rate as unstressed plants, but plants stressed late did not recover.

scholarly journals AAC Redstar hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Burt ◽  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
Denis Green ◽  
Thomas Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AAC Redstar is an early maturing, high yielding hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted to the northern Canadian Prairies and eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Over three years (2016-2018) of testing in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative registration trials, AAC Redstar was 11% higher yielding than AC Splendor, 6% higher than Parata, and 4% higher than Glenn and Carberry. AAC Redstar matured 3 days earlier than Glenn, 2 days earlier than Carberry and had similar maturity to Parata. AAC Redstar was shorter than all checks except Carberry and had better lodging resistance compared to all the check cultivars in the registration trial. The test weight and thousand kernel weight of AAC Redstar were similar to Carberry. The grain protein concentration of AAC Redstar was 0.2% lower than Carberry. AAC Redstar was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stripe rust and common bunt. AAC Redstar had resistant reactions to loose smut, and stem rust. AAC Redstar was registered under the CWRS market class.

The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) under organic management in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kubota ◽  
Sylvie A. Quideau ◽  
Pierre J. Hucl ◽  
Dean M. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Organic Systems

Kubota, H., Quideau, S. A., Hucl, P. J. and Spaner, D. M. 2015. The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 615–627. Understanding the influence of weeds in agroecosystems may aid in developing efficient and sustainable organic wheat production systems. We examined the effect of weeds on soil microbial communities and the performance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Edmonton, AB, Canada. We grew 13 Canadian spring wheat cultivars in organically managed hand-weeded less-weedy and weedy treatments in 2010 and 2011. The less-weedy treatment exhibited greater grain yield and tillers per square meter, while kernel weight, test weight, days to maturity, plant height, grain P and protein content were not altered by weed treatment. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars CDC Go and CDC Kernen were the most yield-stable because they minimized fertile tiller reduction in response to weed pressure (10 and 13% reduction, respectively, compared with the average reduction of 20%). Other cultivars exhibited yield stability through increased kernel weight. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the total phospholipid fatty acid increased in both treatments; however, the rate of this increase was greater in the weedy treatment than the less-weedy treatment (from 2.9 to 3.9%, from 2.8 to 3.1%, respectively). Weed dry biomass was positively correlated with AMF% in the less-weedy treatment only. Organic systems tend to be weedier than conventional systems. We found that weeds are important determinants of AMF proliferation in soil. In addition, choosing wheat cultivars that maintain important yield components under severe weed stress is one strategy to maximize yields in organic systems.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS IN A SPRING WHEAT CROSS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kaufmann ◽  
V. M. Bendelow ◽  
R. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Cross ◽  
Sedimentation Value

Phenotypic correlations among five quality traits and five agronomic traits were calculated for three groups of 110 lines of a spring wheat cross (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a total of four years in central Alberta. All correlations among pairs of traits were homogeneous from year to year with the exception of four involving maturity, yield, height and grain nitrogen content. The large negative correlation between nitrogen content and yield was judged detrimental to the prospects of simultaneous improvement of both traits. Maturity, height, kernel weight and yield were all positively interrelated. Large negative correlations were observed between sedimentation, value and tolerance index and between nitrogen content and starch damage. Sedimentation value and dough development time exhibited a strong positive relationship. The mean value for lines fell within the range of the parents in all cases except for sedimentation value and height.

Stettler hard red spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Grain Volume Weight ◽  
End Use

Based on 34 replicated trials over 3 yr, Stettler, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), expressed significantly higher grain yield than all checks except Superb. Wheat and flour protein concentration were significantly greater than all of the checks except Lillian. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie and Katepwa but earlier than Superb. Stettler was significantly shorter than all of the checks except Superb and was more resistant to lodging than Katepwa and Laura. Stettler had high grain volume weight and intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Stettler expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust, common bunt and loose smut, with moderate susceptibility to prevalent races of leaf rust and fusarium head blight.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, protein, disease resistance, doubled haploid

scholarly journals Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterization of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions for drought tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Naseer ◽  
Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Sami Ul-Allah ◽  
Waqas Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate (i) the effect of drought stress on genetic association among various yield traits and (ii) molecular and phenotypic diversity in the selected spring wheat accessions. A panel of 24 spring wheat accessions was evaluated under normal irrigation and drought stress. Data were collected for chlorophyll contents, canopy temperature, days to heading, grain filling period, relative water content, plant height, peduncle length, number of kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield. Analysis of variance depicted significant differences for genotypes (G), effect of treatment (T) and interaction between T and G. Correlation analysis revealed that genetic association among various traits was stronger in normal treatment than water stressed. The Biplot analysis grouped the genotypes into tolerant and susceptible groups. Molecular characterization of tolerant and susceptible genotypes was done with 14 ISSR markers. ISSR primers revealed a mean of 0.63 genetic similarities among genotypes. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.24 to 0.49. The genetic diversity in selected germplasm can be used to develop drought tolerant lines considering the changing pattern of traits association under drought stress.

W98616, a white-seeded spring wheat with increased preharvest sprouting

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Hucl ◽  
Maria Matus-Cádiz
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Line ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Hard White Wheat ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting Resistance

White-seeded spring wheat germplasm line W98616 was selected for improved levels of preharvest sprouting resistance. W98616 has levels of seed dormancy comparable to Columbus, a red-seeded sprouting-resistant cultivar. W98616 has similar test weight, kernel weight, maturity, plant height, grain protein, and kernel hardness, but is lower yielding and 2 d later heading relative to BW264, a hard white wheat cultivar. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., germplasm, white spring wheat, preharvest sprouting resistance

Response of eight Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to copper: Copper content in the leaves and grain

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Owuoche ◽  
K. G. Briggs ◽  
G. J. Taylor ◽  
D. C. Penney
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Unlimited Growth ◽  
Young Leaves

Concentrations of copper (Cu) in the youngest fully emerged leaves (YFEL) and grain of eight widely grown Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Biggar, Columbus, Conway, Katepwa, Laura, Oslo, Park and Roblin, were determined. Leaves were sampled at five growth stages from field plots grown in 1990 and 1991 on Cu-deficient soil or soil treated with 12.2 kg Cu ha−1 as Cu sulphate. Symptoms of Cu deficiency, mainly rolling and wilting of young leaves and twisting and terminal dieback, were noted on Katepwa, Park and Roblin at Zadok growth stage 24. Significant (P ≤ 0.01) effects on Cu concentration in the YFEL were found due to cultivar, copper treatment, year and growth stage. The Cu concentrations in Katepwa, Park and Roblin not treated with Cu ranged between 4.6 and 5.7 μg g−1 in 1990 and between 2.8 and 3.5 μg g−1 in 1991 at Zadok growth stage 22. Cultivars Biggar, Columbus, Conway, Laura and Oslo did not show symptoms of Cu deficiency and had Cu concentrations in the range of 4.6–5.4 μg g−1 in 1990 and 2.3–3.1 μg g−1 in 1991. Deficiency symptoms were observed on Katepwa and Park supplied with Cu, although concentrations of Cu in the YFEL were relatively high. Grains sampled from the tillers generally had lower Cu concentrations than those from main stems, but the magnitude of this difference varied with the year. Significant correlations were found between Cu concentrations in the YFEL and grain yield (r = 0.90* in 1990 and 0.89* in 1991) and with floret fertility (r = 0.74* in 1990 and 0.94** in 1991). These large and significant correlations confirm the important role of Cu nutritional status in influencing floret fertility and grain yield. Critical levels of Cu in the leaves needed for unlimited growth could not be defined because of year-to-year variability. In this study, Cu concentration in the YFEL was not a useful indicator of potential Cu use efficiency in different wheat cultivars. However, for individual plants under Cu-deficiency stress, Cu concentration in the YFEL was a good indicator of the grain yield potential of different cultivars. Key words:Triticum aestivum, copper, youngest fully emerged leaves, tissue analysis

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