SELECTION FOR CROSS-POLLINATION IN BARLEY USING SEGREGATING BULK POPULATIONS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. CAMPBELL ◽  
K. J. KASHA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Selection For

Six bulk populations, each containing a recessive male sterile gene, were used to determine the level of cross-pollination of barley in Ontario for hybrid seed production. Selection pressure for characters that favor cross-pollination was applied by harvesting only male sterile plants to provide seed for the next generation. Seed set on male sterile plants fluctuated greatly from year to year (10.5–51.0%) with no constant trend upward or downward over a 6-yr period from 1968 to 1973. There were no differences in seed set bulk populations grown from remnant seed from previous cycles and from the regular cycle material in 1971 when seed set was low in all populations. However, the same procedure in 1972 provided an average difference of 22.5% in seed set in favor of the advanced selected populations. Cross-pollination was not improved by one cycle of selection under growth room conditions for characters associated with cross-pollination. The influence of a self-pollinated winter increase upon improvement in the level of cross-pollination is discussed. Results indicated that cross-pollination is not sufficient or reliable enough to produce hybrid barley seed in the area tested.

scholarly journals Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (49) ◽  
pp. 14145-14150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Chang ◽  
Zhufeng Chen ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Jiawei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Red Fluorescence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

The breeding and large-scale adoption of hybrid seeds is an important achievement in agriculture. Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (PTGMS) as female parent. Cytoplasmic male sterile lines are propagated via cross-pollination by corresponding maintainer lines, whereas PTGMS lines are propagated via self-pollination under environmental conditions restoring male fertility. Despite huge successes, both systems have their intrinsic drawbacks. Here, we constructed a rice male sterility system using a nuclear gene named Oryza sativa No Pollen 1 (OsNP1). OsNP1 encodes a putative glucose–methanol–choline oxidoreductase regulating tapetum degeneration and pollen exine formation; it is specifically expressed in the tapetum and miscrospores. The osnp1 mutant plant displays normal vegetative growth but complete male sterility insensitive to environmental conditions. OsNP1 was coupled with an α-amylase gene to devitalize transgenic pollen and the red fluorescence protein (DsRed) gene to mark transgenic seed and transformed into the osnp1 mutant. Self-pollination of the transgenic plant carrying a single hemizygous transgene produced nontransgenic male sterile and transgenic fertile seeds in 1:1 ratio that can be sorted out based on the red fluorescence coded by DsRed. Cross-pollination of the fertile transgenic plants to the nontransgenic male sterile plants propagated the male sterile seeds of high purity. The male sterile line was crossed with ∼1,200 individual rice germplasms available. Approximately 85% of the F1s outperformed their parents in per plant yield, and 10% out-yielded the best local cultivars, indicating that the technology is promising in hybrid rice breeding and production.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF A MALE-STERILE SYSTEM WITH A CLOSELY LINKED SEEDLING MARKER TO FACILITATE F1 HYBRID TOMATO SEED PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168e-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Tigchelaar
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
F1 Hybrid

The coupling phase linkages have been synthesized between the gene aw (without anthocyanin) and the male sterile gene ms15 (and its alleles ms26, ms47, and an Israeli source of male sterility). Less than 2 map units separate aw and ms15 on chromosome 2, providing a convenient seedling marker gene to rapidly identify male sterility for both inbred development and hybrid seed production. The seedling marker also provides a convenient marker to rapidly assess hybrid seed purity. Unique features of each of the alleles involved in male sterility and their use in inbred and hybrid development will be described.

scholarly journals First Report of Sorghum Ergot Caused by Claviceps africana in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Isakeit ◽  
G. N. Odvody ◽  
R. A. Shelby
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

In March 1997, ergot was found on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) regrowth in several abandoned commercial grain sorghum fields in Cameron and Hidalgo counties in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas. White sphacelia in florets produced honeydew containing macrospores (hyaline, oblong to oval, 10 to 25 μm × 5 to 7 μm) and microspores (hyaline, spherical, 3 μm in diameter). Macrospores germinated iteratively to form secondary conidia when placed on water agar and in situ following rain. Secondary conidia were hyaline, pyriform, with a protruding hilum, and measured 10 to 17 μm × 5 to 7 μm. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis detected the alkaloid di-hydroergosine in sphacelia, which is unique to C. africana (1). The pathogen was also confirmed on adjacent johnsongrass (S. halepense). The spread of ergot across Texas was associated with the progressive maturation of the commercial sorghum crop as follows: LRGV (mid-May), Coastal Bend near Corpus Christi (June), Winter Garden area southwest of San Antonio (July), and the seed production region of the Texas Panhandle (mid-August). Ergot incidence ranged from a trace to 10% of the heads in (self-fertile) grain sorghum fields of the LRGV. Most heads had only a few infected florets, but a few heads had 35 to 50% of the florets infected. Only trace amounts were found in grain sorghum fields in other areas of the state. Incidence and severity of ergot were greatest in fields of male-sterile sorghums grown for forage. Ergot was generally low in primary heads of male-sterile sorghums in hybrid seed production fields but, in the absence of pollen, axillary tillers sometimes developed high levels of ergot. The major impact of sorghum ergot is expected to be in hybrid seed production fields in the High Plains of Texas. Reference: (1) D. E. Frederickson et al. Mycol. Res. 95:1101, 1991.

Alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) pollination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) under isolation tents for hybrid seed production

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
D. W. Goerzen ◽  
K. C. Falk ◽  
K. E. Bett
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Stocking Rates

In this 3-yr field study, the activities of alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata Fabricius) (LCB) at varying stocking levels were monitored in shade cloth isolation tents containing male-sterile and male-fertile rows of oilseed rape Brassica napus L. to determine optimum conditions for hybrid seed production. Bumble bees, Bombus impatiens Cresson, were similarly tested in 1 yr; their pollination activities were minimal, and weight of seed produced on female lines in tents containing bumble bees was similar to that in tents without pollinators. Leafcutting bee activity, as measured by the number of female bees at the entrance to tunnels in the hive, at first increased, then decreased with increasing stocking rate. Duration of time spent visiting flowers did not vary with stocking rate, but was longer on male-fertile than on male-sterile flowers. Production of hybrid seed within tents varied with leafcutting bee stocking rate, with the highest seed yield achieved at stocking rates equivalent to three charges at weekly intervals of 400 000 leafcutting bees per hectare. At optimum LCB stocking rates, the method described provided sufficient seed quantity for small-plot multi-location field evaluation of oilseed rape hybrids. Key words: Megachile rotundata, alfalfa leafcutting bee, Bombus impatiens, Brassica napus, oilseed rape, hybrid seed production, isolation tents

scholarly journals Seed-set evaluation of four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines using alfalfa leafcutting bees and honey bees as pollinators

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ORTIZ-PEREZ ◽  
R. M. A. MIAN ◽  
R. L. COOPER ◽  
T. MENDIOLA ◽  
J. TEW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sterile Plant ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Plant ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sterile Female ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Pollinator Species

SUMMARYMale-sterile, female-fertile plants were used to produce hybrid soybean seed. Manual cross-pollination using male-sterile plants to produce large quantities of hybrid seed is difficult and time-consuming because of the low success rate in cross-pollination. Insect pollinators may be suitable vectors to transfer pollen, but the most suitable vector for pollen transfer from the male parent to the female parent has not been identified for soybean. The objective of the present study was to evaluate seed-set on four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines by using alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata (F.)) and honey bees (Apis mellifera (L.)) as pollinators. Seed-set was evaluated in summers 2003 and 2005 near Ames, Iowa, USA and in summers 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Wooster, Ohio, USA. Neither the effect of pollinator species nor the interaction effect of pollinator species×location was significant for any year. Honey bees performed similarly to alfalfa leafcutting bees at both locations. The results indicated significant differences for seed-set among male-sterile lines, suggesting preferential pollination. Male-sterile lines, ms1 (Urbana) and ms2 (Ames 2), had higher cross-pollinated seed-set compared to ms6 (Ames 1), and ms6 (Corsoy 79). At the Ames location, ms1ms1 (Urbana) plants had the highest seed-set (50·16 seeds per male-sterile plant in 2005). At the Wooster location, ms1ms1 (Urbana) plants also had the highest seed-set (92·04 seeds per male-sterile plant) in 2005. Costs and local conditions need to be addressed to support the choice of either pollinator species as a pollination vector to produce hybrid soybean seed.

scholarly journals Engineering the AEG1 promoter from cotton to develop male sterile lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Kumar Soni ◽  
Amita Kush Mehrotra ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Burma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Regulatory Module

This work reports on modifying the Upstream Regulatory Module (URM, 1.5 Kb region upstream of the open reading frame) of Anther Expressing Gene 1 (AEG1) from cotton to achieve anther specific activity. AEG1 was identified in a previous study aimed to isolate a promoter with tapetum specific activity. Such a promoter could then be used to express barnase and barstar genes for developing male sterile and restorer lines for hybrid seed production in cotton. The AEG1 URM was observed to be active in tapetum as well as in roots making it unusable to drive the expression of barnase gene. Analysis of the URM showed the presence of several root specific motifs. Two modified AEG1 URMs were developed, by removing or mutating these motifs and its activity checked in tobacco. The activity of one of the modified URMs, AEG1(DelBmut) was restricted to the anther tissue as observed using the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase. The study also demonstrates that male sterile lines could be developed in tobacco using the AEG1(DelBmut) URM to express the barnase gene. This work thus shows the possibility of engineering promoters to achieve tissue specificity and to develop male sterile lines in cotton.

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