EFFECT OF GRASS SPECIES AND ROW SPACING ON DANDELION ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
C. R. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Average Density ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The size of dandelions (Taraxacum officinale Weber) growing in intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv.), crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum L.), a northern biotype of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), a southern biotype of bromegrass, meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.), creeping red fescue (F. rubra var. genuina L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) was effectively reduced by decreasing the row spacing of each grass from 100 cm to 20 cm. Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.) had only a minor effect on dandelion size regardless of the row spacing at which it was planted. Within any given row spacing between 20 and 100 cm, dandelion density was not affected by grass species. However, as the row spacing decreased the average density of dandelions growing in the seven grass species also decreased.

EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON SEED AND HAY PRODUCTION OF ELEVEN GRASS SPECIES UNDER A PEACE RIVER REGION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
H. G. NAJDA ◽  
J. C. DRABBLE ◽  
C. R. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
River Region ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Seed Yields

The effect of row spacing on seed and hay yields of 11 perennial grass species, including crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), intermediate wheatgrass (A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv.), a northern biotype of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), a southern biotype of bromegrass, Russian wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Hudson), creeping red fescue (F. rubra var. genuina L.), chewings fescue (F. rubra var. commutata Gaud), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), a turf-type timothy (Phleum bertolonii DC (P. bulbosum auct.)) and hexaploid timothy (Phleum pratense L.), was studied under a system with limited inputs of fertilizer and no weed control. The width of the row spacings ranged from 16 to 104 cm where seed yields were measured and from 27 to 93 cm where hay yields were measured. The seed yield of all grasses was greater at a row spacing of 16 cm than at row spacings of 60 cm or more. Hay yields of all grasses, averaged over four production years, were also greatest at narrow row spacings (27 cm). These yields decreased as row spacings increased to 49 through 93 cm. Row spacing had its greatest effect on hay yields during the first production year. After this period the effects of row spacing on hay yields were small.Key words: Row spacing, perennial grasses, seed yields, hay yields

COLD HARDINESS AND ICE TOLERANCE OF PASTURE GRASSES GROWN AND TESTED IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. GUDLEIFSSON ◽  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
H. BJORNSSON
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Wide Range

A number of forage grass species were tested for cold hardiness and ice tolerance after growth and cold hardening under controlled conditions. Tests exposing cold-hardened plants to a single level of stress separated species into statistically similar groups but, in a number of cases, the stress was not sufficient to kill plants so the true cultivar rankings were obscured. Derivation of the 50% kill point from a wide range of levels of stress served to identify cold hardiness and ice tolerance levels of cultivars of 10 species. Ranked according to the most hardy cultivar of the species tested were: timothy (Phleum pratense L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa L.), creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus L.), berings hairgrass (Deschampsia beringensis L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae). LT50 values varied from −15.7 °C for timothy to −4.7 °C for reed canarygrass. Cold hardiness and ice tolerance were only loosely associated (r = 0.36). The most ice-tolerant species were berings and tufted hairgrasses and timothy with LI50 values of 50, 39 and 44 d, respectively.Key words: Acclimation, encasement, freezing, resistance

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

scholarly journals Assessment of some parameters productivity and quality of populations Phleum pratense L. grown in conditions of Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Vojislav Mihailovic ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Ljubisa Zivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Phleum pratense (L.) is the important forage grass species in Serbia. The study was conducted on 20 autochthonous population of Phleum pratense (L.), originating from Western Serbia. Plant height, protein content and crude cellulose content had a high direct impact on yield. Populations of PP16, PP20, PP2 and PP9 had the significantly higher yield of the raw matter compared to all the tested population and the highest values for the other evaluated parameters, also. The average yield of crude biomass was positive statistically highly significantly correlated with plant height (r=0.87**), and positively significantly correlated with a content of crude proteins and positive non significant correlated with crude cellulose (r=0.42 ns). Based on obtained values and by the appropriate choice of selection methods, we conclude that we have excellent genotypes, PP16, PP20, PP2 and PP9 for a successful selection process in order to obtain new high yielding varieties of Phleum pratense.

scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

NITROGEN ENHANCEMENT OF SURFACE APPLIED FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY FORAGE SPECIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. SHEARD
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
N Application ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Nitrogen, supplied as NH4NO3 to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) or as N derived from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growing in association with timothy, enhanced the utilization of surface applications of pelleted, 32P-labelled calcium phosphate. The proportion of the P in timothy derived from a single application of 60 kg P/ha increased from a range of 16% to 21% without N to a range of 38% to 43% with an application of 60 kg N/ha before spring growth and repeated after the first and second harvests. At the first two harvests, growing timothy in association with alfalfa further increased the proportion. The increase was greater at the second harvest and at the lower rates of N, amounting to an increase of one-third at applications of 15 and 30 kg N/ha. The proportion of P in the first harvest of bromegrass which was derived from a surface application was increased 17% to 26% as the rate of P was increased from 40 to 120 kg P/ha; however, N fertilizer as NH4NO3 increased fertilizer P utilization from 17% to 32% as the rate of N was increased from zero to 120 kg N/ha at the 40 kg P/ha rate, and from 26% to 57% with increasing N at the 120 kg P/ha rate. Similar data were obtained when the rates of N application were repeated for the second and third harvests. A relationship, developed between the N concentration in the grass species and the percent utilization of fertilizer P, would suggest that enhancement in utilization of P was, in part, the result of an increase in the assimilated N in the plant. The experiments illustrate that it is imperative to provide adequate N for efficient utilization of surface-applied P by perennial forage grasses.

Mini droplets to super droplets: evolution of self-assembled Au droplets on GaAs(111)B and (110)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Sui ◽  
Ming-Yu Li ◽  
Eun-Soo Kim ◽  
Jihoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Deposition Amount ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
A Minor ◽  
20 Nm

In this article, the effect of deposition amount on self-assembled Au droplets fabricated on GaAs(111)B and (110) is presented. The investigation is systematically performed by the variation of the Au deposition amount from 2 to 20 nm while fixing the other growth parameters such as annealing temperature and duration to clearly observe the effect. Under identical growth conditions, the self-assembled Au droplets show significantly different size and density depending on the amount of Au deposition:i.e.the average height varies by 436% from 21.8 to 95.5 nm and the average diameter swings by 827% from 52 to 430 nm, showing that the size increase is dominated by the lateral expansion. Meanwhile the average density varies by over two orders of magnitude from 1.24 × 108to 4.48 × 1010 cm−2on GaAs(111)B. With relatively low Au deposition amounts, below 3 nm, round dome-shaped mini Au droplets with high packing density can be fabricated, while super large Au droplets result with higher deposition amounts, above 10 nm, with a density two orders of magnitude lower. It is also found that the surface index has a minor effect on the fabrication of self-assembled Au droplets with the variation of deposition amount. The results are systematically analyzed and discussed in terms of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images, line profiles, power spectrums, r.m.s. surface roughness, and size and density plots.

EFFECTS OF N FERTILIZER ON TOTAL-N AND NO3-N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. SMITH ◽  
L. E. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Stream Bank ◽  
Lethal Level ◽  
Four Levels

Total-N and NO3-N content of forage were determined for six grass species — timothy (Phleum pratense L.); crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.); intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.); stream-bank wheatgrass (Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith); bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.); and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.). The grasses were fertilized with ammonium nitrate in early spring and were sampled at four levels of applied N — 0, 185, 550, and 940 kg/ha — and at three stages of maturity — early heading, anthesis, and seed-set. Total-N and NO3-N increased in all grasses with increasing levels of N fertilizer; Russian wild ryegrass showed the greatest increase and timothy the least. As maturity advanced, total-N content decreased. Total-N contents were similar in crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheatgrass. As maturity advanced, the NO3-N content of fertilized timothy, crested wheatgrass, and bromegrass decreased while that of Russian wild ryegrass increased. The NO3-N content of intermediate wheatgrass and of stream-bank wheatgrass was highest at anthesis. At 0 and 185 kg N/ha, the NO3-N content was well below the lethal level for ruminants, but at the two higher N fertilizer levels it often exceeded the lethal level. Timothy can be considered a low, Russian wild ryegrass a very high, and the other four grasses high, NO3-N accumulators.

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