AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND PROTEIN QUALITY OF FIELD PEAS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Seed of Century (16 samples) and 17 other lines of field peas (Pisum sativum L.), selected for a wide range of total nitrogen (N), were analyzed for amino acids (AA). Arginine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were found in greatest amounts, but relatively large amounts of lysine and leucine were also present. A nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of 5.52 was determined from the AA composition. Variability in AA content within Century samples and among all lines was not large except for arginine, methionine, tryptophan and cystine. Effects of genotype and environment on these AA were equally large. In Century, the concentration of nine AA were significantly correlated with total N. Resulting regression equations reliably predicted the AA composition of Century from total N but were not applicable to other lines of field peas. Apparently, such regressions must be developed independently for each cultivar, i.e. the AA profile is a cultivar characteristic. Peas satisfy adult human requirements for the essential AA except for the sulfur-containing AA, the proportion of which declined with increasing total N. The protein quality was estimated by amino acid score and was equal to 58 for 18 lines of field peas. Threonine and valine were second and third limiting AA, respectively.

scholarly journals Background on international activities on protein quality assessment of foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S168-S182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sarwar Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Codex Committee ◽  
Vegetable Proteins ◽  
Amino Acid Score

The subject of protein quality assessment of foods and diets was addressed at the Codex Committee on Vegetable Proteins (1982–1989), FAO/WHO (1989, 2001) and WHO/FAO (2002) expert reviews. These international developments are summarized in this manuscript. In 1989, a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Protein Quality Evaluation reviewed knowledge of protein quality assessment of foods, and specifically evaluated amino acid score corrected for protein digestibility, the method recommended by the Codex Committee on Vegetable Proteins. The report of the Consultation published in 1991 concluded that the Protein Digestibility-corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) method was the most suitable approach for routine evaluation of protein quality for humans. The Consultation recognized that the amino acid scoring pattern proposed by FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) for preschool children was at that time the most suitable pattern for calculating PDCAAS for all ages except infants in which case the amino acid composition of human milk was recommended to be the basis of the scoring pattern. The rat balance method was considered as the most suitable practical method for predicting protein digestibility by humans. Since its adoption by FAO/WHO (1991), the PDCAAS method has been criticised for a number of reasons. The FAO/WHO (2001) Working Group on analytical issues related to protein quality assessed the validity of criticisms of the PDCAAS method. While recognizing a distinct regulatory use of protein quality data, the Working Group recommended that the PDCAAS method may be inappropriate for the routine prediction of protein quality of novel and sole source foods which contain high levels of anti nutritional factors; and that for regulatory purposes, the method should be revised to permit values of >100 for high quality proteins. In evaluating the recommendations of the Working Group, the WHO/FAO (2002) Expert Consultation on Protein and Amino Acid Requirements endorsed the PDCAAS method with minor modifications to the calculation method but also raised several issues. These included the calculation of scoring patterns; prediction of amino acid digestibility by faecal and ileal methods; reduced bioavailability of lysine in processed proteins; truncation of the amino acid score and consequent PDCAAS value; protein digestibility as a first limiting factor in determining the overall available dietary nitrogen; and the calculation of amino acid score for a dietary protein mixture. These concerns were considered particularly important in relation to the regulatory aspects of protein quality of foods, and their resolution was urgently recommended through a new separate expert review.

Nutritional quality of quality protein maize-based supplementary foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Maseta ◽  
T.C. Mosha ◽  
Cornelio Nyaruhucha ◽  
Henry Laswai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Purpose Child undernutrition is a persistent problem in Africa, especially in areas where the poor largely depend on starchy staples with limited access to diverse diets. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein quality, growth and rehabilitating potential of composite foods made from quality protein maize. Design/methodology/approach Four composite diets were prepared from quality protein maize, namely quality protein maize-soybeans; quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas; quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize alone. A fifth diet was prepared from common maize alone. The control diet (Chesta®) was made from maize, soybeans, fish, bone and blood meal. The formulations were made to meet the greatest amino acid score and the desired amount of energy and fat according to the FAO/WHO (1985) recommendation for pre-school children. Albino rats were used in evaluating the protein quality of the formulations. Findings The food intake was significantly different (p < 0.05) among diets; with a trend of intake decreasing from quality protein maize-based to conventional maize alone diets (apart from the control diet). Protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the experimental diets. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) was 80 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas), 87 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans), 103 per cent (common maize alone), 98 per cent (quality protein maize), 80 per cent (quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans) and 53 per cent (control). Research limitations/implications Two diets, namely quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas, showed the greatest potential to support growth and rehabilitation of undernourished rats. Human trial is proposed to validate the findings. Originality/value Despite adoption of quality protein maize in several parts of the country, there are no studies that have been done to determine the potential of quality protein maize to support optimal growth and rehabilitation of undernourished children. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the protein quality, growth and rehabilitating potential of composite foods made from quality protein maize.

scholarly journals Protein intakes in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S50-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Swaminathan ◽  
Mario Vaz ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Pe Ratio

Indian diets derive almost 60 % of their protein from cereals with relatively low digestibility and quality. There have been several surveys of diets and protein intakes in India by the National Nutrition Monitoring Board (NNMB) over the last 25 years, in urban and rural, as well as in slum dwellers and tribal populations. Data of disadvantaged populations from slums, tribals and sedentary rural Indian populations show that the protein intake (mainly from cereals) is about 1 gm/kg/day. However, the protein intake looks less promising in terms of the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), using lysine as the first limiting amino acid, where all populations, particularly rural and tribal, appear to have an inadequate quality to their protein intake. The protein: energy (PE) ratio is a measure of dietary quality, and has been used in the 2007 WHO/FAO/UNU report to define reference requirement values with which the adequacy of diets can be evaluated in terms of a protein quality corrected PE ratio. It is likely that about one third of this sedentary rural population is at risk of not meeting their requirements. These levels of risk of deficiency are in a population with relatively low BMI populations, whose diets are also inadequate in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, while the burden of enhancing the quality of protein intake in rural India exists, the quality of the diet, in general, represents a challenge that must be met.

Evaluation Of Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score Method For Assessing Protein Quality Of Foods

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam arwar ◽  
Frank E Mcdonough
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Abstract The current concepts of protein quality evaluation were reviewed. A detailed examination of existing animal assays and more promising amino acid scoring methods has been carried out by an Ad Hoc Working Group on Protein Quality Measurement for the Codex Committee on Vegetable Proteins during the last 5 years. Several factors such as Inadequacies of protein efficiency ratio (PER, the poorest test) and other animal assays, advancements made In standardizing methods for amino acid analysis and protein digestibility, availability of data on digestibility of protein and Individual amino acids in a variety of foods, and reliability of human amino acid requirements and scoring patterns were evaluated. On the basis of this evaluation, amino acid score, corrected for true digestibility of protein, was recommended to be the most suitable routine method for predicting protein quality of foods for humans. Amino acid scores corrected for true digestibility of protein (as determined by rat balance method) were termed "protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores." A detailed method for the determination of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score was proposed, and information about the range of scores to be expected In foods or food products was provided In the present Investigation. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method Is a simple and scientifically sound approach for routine evaluation of protein quality of foods. Accuracy of the method would, however, be confirmed after validation with growth or metabolic balance studies In humans.

scholarly journals Brief Research Report: Estimation of the Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score of Defatted Walnuts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Lackey ◽  
Stephen A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
True Protein ◽  
True Protein Digestibility

Introduction: Walnuts are considered a good source of essential fatty acids, which is unique among tree nuts. Walnuts are also composed of about 10–15% protein, but the quality of this protein has not been evaluated. Pistachios and almonds have been evaluated for their protein content using a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), but it is unclear how the quality of protein in walnuts relates to that in other commonly consumed tree nuts. The objective of this study was to substantiate the protein quality of walnuts by determining their PDCAAS.Methods: A small, 10-day dietary intervention trial was conducted using male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8, 4 per group) with two diets: a nitrogen-free diet and a diet containing protein exclusively from defatted walnuts. Feed intake and fecal output of nitrogen were measured to estimate the true protein digestibility, and the amino acid compositions of walnuts compared to child and adult populations were used to calculate amino acid scores (AAS) and PDCAAS.Results: The true protein digestibility score of raw walnuts was calculated to be 86.22%. Raw walnuts contained 15.6 g protein/g walnut with AAS of 0.45 and 0.63 for children aged 6 months to 3 years and 3–10 years, respectively. For each population, a PDCAAS of 39 and 46% was calculated, respectively, using a protein conversion constant of 5.30. Using a protein constant of 6.25, a PDCAAS of 39% (6 months - 3 years) or 46% (3-10 years) was calculated.Conclusions: This is the first known assessment of the PDCAAS of walnuts. Like almonds, they appear to have a low-to-moderate score, indicating they are not a quality source of protein.

Assessment of the protein quality of fourteen soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars using amino acid analysis and two-dimensional electrophoresis

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos G. Zarkadas ◽  
Christine Gagnon ◽  
Stephen Gleddie ◽  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh ◽  
Elroy R. Cober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED HETEROCLARIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Ahmed Ayeloja ◽  
W. A. Jimoh ◽  
T. O. Uthman ◽  
M. O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Effect of storage time on the quality of smoked heteroclarias was studied. 108 samples of heteroclarias (average weight 210 + 15g) was used. Analysis carried out include: proximate, mineral composition (Ca, Na, Fe and Mg), biochemical, amino acid and sensory evaluation. Data obtained was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the sensory data was subjected to nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis test). Smoked heteroclarias have good nutritional quality in terms of proximate, mineral and amino acids all of which decrease with increase in duration of storage at ambient temperatures. Glutamic acid  was the most predominant amino acid and the highest non-essential amino acid (NEEA), lysine was the most predominant EAA. There was higher concentration of non-essential amino acids than essential amino acids, EAA/NEAA ratio (0.86 – 0.93) recorded indicates that the fish have excellent protein quality; its the predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) ranged between 3.44-3.61 and its biological value ranged between 79.84 -75.04. Its chemical score and TEAA decrease with increase in storage time. Its texture quality reduced significantly (χ2 = 12.207, p<0.01) with increased storage period. It is therefore recommended that smoked heteroclarias be consumed as soon as it is smoked and regularly for good healthy conditions especially among children, aged and other vulnerable groups.

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