THE INTERACTION OF COPPER AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE IN PLANT INJURY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. A. TOIVONEN ◽  
G. HOFSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Plant Injury

Barley cultivars were assessed for relative sensitivity to SO2. The most SO2-sensitive cultivar, Laurier, was used to study the effects of Cu in the rooting medium on plant growth. Copper stunted growth, especially of the roots, and induced leaf injury starting at the leaf tips. The cultivar Laurier, grown in a medium watered with 0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm Cu as CuSO4∙5H2O, was exposed to 1.0 ± 0.1 ppm SO2 for 6 and 7 h on 2 consecutive days. Less injury due to SO2 was observed at the higher Cu concentration. The higher levels of Cu greatly increased stomatal resistance, thereby reducing SO2 uptake.

Response of winter barley cultivars to nitrogen and a plant growth regulator in relation to lodging

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. White
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Damage Susceptibility

SUMMARYApplications of nitrogen and a plant growth regulator (mepiquat chloride and ethephon) were used to manipulate stem structure and induce differing degrees of damage due to leaning and lodging in six cultivars of winter barley grown in Belfast, UK, in 1986/87. Weighted incidences of leaning and lodging were combined to give an index indicating damage susceptibility of the cultivars. The index was very high (70) in Pipkin and ranged between 1 and 18 in the other cultivars. Differences between cultivars in number of internodes, plant height and stem weight did not explain their differences in resistance to damage. However, dry weight per unit length ranged from 2·35 and 2·34 mg/mm in the strongest cultivars, Panda and Jennifer, respectively, to 1·75 mg/mm in the weakest cultivar, Pipkin.Nitrogen application increased plant height but did not affect dry weight/main stem, so that dry weight/unit length of stem decreased. The growth regulator treatments reduced plant height and although dry weight/stem did not decrease significantly, dry weight/unit length of stem was similar in treated and untreated plots.Dry weight/unit length has potential as an objective indicator of straw strength in winter barley cultivars and could be used in cultivar evaluation in the absence of damage in field trials.

Investigations into the Growth Suppressing Effect of Nicosulfuron-Treated Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) on Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagabhushana G. Gubbiga ◽  
A. Douglas Worsham ◽  
Frederick T. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Excellent Control

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the reasons for stunted growth and yield suppression of corn noticed sometimes in nicosulfuron-treated corn fields infested with heavy population of johnsongrass. Results indicated that in the absence of johnsongrass, nicosulfuron applied broadcast POST at 35 g ai ha−1had no effect on corn. However, growth reduction of corn occurred when nicosulfuron-treated johnsongrass and corn were allowed to share the same rooting medium with their root systems intermingled. The reduction in growth was even greater when corn foliage or the soil surface were also treated with johnsongrass. The extent of growth reduction of corn growing with nicosulfuron-killed johnsongrass depended on weed density and herbicide application rate. Greater growth reductions occurred at four johnsongrass plants per pot compared to two and at a higher application rate of 100 μg nicosulfuron per plant. In general, johnsongrass killed by nicosulfuron appeared to be more phytotoxic to corn than plants killed by paraquat. Nicosulfuron provided excellent control of johnsongrass and improved corn growth by two to three times that of not controlling johnsongrass, but it could not elevate corn growth to the level obtained when johnsongrass was controlled by paraquat or in the absence of interference from johnsongrass.

scholarly journals ABSORPTION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE BY ALFALFA AND ITS RELATION TO LEAF INJURY

1935 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyer D. Thomas ◽  
Geo. R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Leaf Injury

Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cultivars to Metobromuron

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon J. Park ◽  
Allan S. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Plant Injury

Metobromuron is a major preemergence herbicide controlling mainly broadleaf weeds in common bean production in Ontario. Rainstorms at the seedling stage may splash metobromuron on the plants which results in serious injury, reduced plant stand, and low seed yield. This study determined the appropriate rates of metobromuron for identification of germplasm tolerant to the herbicide. Metobromuron of 0, 0.28, and 0.56 kg ai ha−1 in the glasshouse and 0, 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg ha−1 in the field were applied POST at the unifoliolate stage of 30 bean cultivars. A significant linear effect of herbicide rate on plant injury and recovery was detected. Plant growth was reduced significantly on sensitive cultivars. Two cultivars, Taylor Hort’ and ‘UI 51’, and several plant introductions were tolerant to metobromuron. A rate range of 0.42 to 0.56 kg ha−1 of metobromuron would be appropriate to separate tolerant from sensitive bean lines.

OZONE AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE INTERACTION IN WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HOFSTRA ◽  
D. P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Weight Data

White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plants were exposed to 15 pphm (v/v) ozone and/or 7.5, 15, 30, 45 or 60 pphm sulphur dioxide for 5 or 10 days in controlled environment facilities. Ozone-induced leaf injury consisted of bronze flecking on mature leaves of both species. Sulphur dioxide caused bifacial necrotic lesions on mature leaves of some white bean plants exposed to 60 pphm and had no effect on soybean leaves. The combined gases on white bean resulted in leaf injury symptoms consisting of yellow interveinal chlorosis which appeared several days later than did bronzing on corresponding leaves exposed to ozone alone. In soybean, characteristic ozone-induced lesions appeared on leaves of plants exposed to the combined gases but the onset of injury was several days later than in plants exposed only to ozone. Both injury ratings and plant weight data corresponded to the observed injury pattern.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 induces age-dependent restoration of growth and metabolism in gibberellin-deficient plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gasparini ◽  
Lucas C. Costa ◽  
Fred A. L. Brito ◽  
Thaline M. Pimenta ◽  
Flávio Barcellos Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Ga Content

AbstractMain conclusion The effect of elevated [CO2] on the growth of tomato plants with reduced GA content is influenced by developmental stage.The increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere during the last decades has aroused interest in the function of this gas in the growth and development of plants. Despite the known association between elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and plant growth, its effects in association with gibberellin (GA), plant hormone that regulates de major aspects of plant growth, are still poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of elevated [CO2] on growth and primary metabolism in tomato plants with drastic reduction in GA content (gib-1) at two different growth stages (21 and 35 days after germination, dag). Disruption on growth, photosynthetic parameters and primary metabolism were restored when gib-1 plants were transferred to elevated [CO2] at 21 dag. Elevated [CO2] also stimulated growth and photosynthetic parameters in Wild type (WT) plants at 21 dag, however, minor changes were observed in the level of primary metabolites. At 35 dag, elevated [CO2] did not stimulate growth in WT plants and gib-1 mutants showed their characteristic stunted growth phenotype.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Drenches Control Growth of Potted Sunflowers

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Dasoju ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Effect On Growth

Paclobutrazol drenches were applied at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg a.i./pot to potted sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L. `Pacino') to determine its effect on growth. Plant height was shorter as paclobutrazol dose increased up to 16 mg; however, additional increases in dose had little effect on height. Severe height retardation of `Pacino' plants was evident at 16 and 32 mg. Plants treated with 2 mg of paclobutrazol were 17% and 25% smaller in diameter than untreated plants in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant diameter was smaller as paclobutrazol dose increased up to 16 mg, with additional increases in dose having little effect on plant diameter in Expt. 2. Plants treated with 16 or 32 mg of paclobutrazol exhibited phytotoxicity symptoms including crinkled leaves and stunted growth, and smaller and greener leaves. Sunflower plant growth was greater in the summer (Expt. 1) than in winter (Expt. 2). In the summer higher doses of paclobutrazol will be required than in winter for growth control. Marketable sized plants grown in 15- to 16.5-cm-diameter pots were produced with doses of paclobutrazol at 2 and 4 mg in both seasons, and doses up to 8 mg can also be used in summer for growth control.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Cucumber Growth and Yield Response to Copper Application

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Linping Wang ◽  
Diane Feliciano Cayanan ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Copper Treatment ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To determine the nutrient solution copper (Cu2+) level above which Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber, cv. LOGICA F1) plant growth and fruit yield will be negatively affected, plants were grown on rockwool and irrigated with nutrient solutions containing Cu2+ at 0.05, 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, and 2.05 mg·L−1. Copper treatment began when plants were 4 weeks old and lasted for 10 weeks. During this 10-week period, plants were harvested at 3 weeks (short-term) and 10 weeks (long-term) after the start of Cu2+ treatment. Neither visible leaf injury nor negative Cu2+ effect was observed on plant growth (leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight) after 3 weeks of continuous Cu2+ treatment. However, after 10 weeks of continuous Cu2+ application, cucumber leaf dry weight was significantly reduced by Cu2+ levels 1.05 mg·L−1 or greater; leaf number, leaf area, and stem dry weight were significantly reduced by Cu2+ levels 1.55 mg·L−1 or greater. Copper (Cu2+ levels 1.05 mg·L−1 or greater) also caused root browning. Some plants under the 2.05 mg·L−1 Cu2+ treatment started to wilt after 6 weeks of continuous Cu2+ treatment. Copper treatment did not result in any change in leaf greenness until after Week 9 from the start of the treatments. There was no sign of a negative Cu2+ effect on cucumber fruit numbers after the first 2 weeks of production, but plants under the highest Cu2+ concentration treatment (2.05 mg·L−1) gradually produced fewer cucumber fruit than the control (0.05 mg·L−1) and eventually resulted in lower cucumber yield. Nutrient solution can be treated with 1.05 mg·L−1 of Cu2+ in cucumber production greenhouses; however, it is not recommended to use Cu2+ concentrations 1.05 mg·L−1 or greater continuously long-term (more than 3 weeks). When applying Cu2+, it is suggested that cucumber roots be examined regularly because roots are a better indicator for Cu2+ toxicity than leaf injury.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON SOME TRAITS OF WINTER BARLEY CULTIVARS DURING EARLY STAGES OF PLANT GROWTH

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alojzije Lalić ◽  
◽  
Smiljana Goreta Ban ◽  
Slavko Perica ◽  
Dario Novoselović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Effect Of Water
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