WHEAT CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION BY GLIADIN ELECTROPHOREGRAMS. II. EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS ON THE GLIADIN ELECTROPHOREGRAM

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. ZILLMAN ◽  
W. BUSHUK
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Gliadin Protein ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

Effects of a number of factors on the gliadin electrophoregram were investigated relative to the use of the electrophoregram for cultivar identification. Effect of seed source was investigated by examining grain of five Canadian cultivars grown at 10 locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and grain of five Australian cultivars grown in Canada and Australia. These experiments showed that the electrophoregram is not affected by the area of growth. Six grain samples of the Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivar, Neepawa, grown at six different fertilizer levels under irrigation, ranging in protein content from 9.3 to 16.4%, were used to demonstrate that the electrophoregram is qualitatively independent of protein content. The effects of several experimental factors on the gliadin electrophoregram were determined using five Canadian cultivars: three hard red spring wheats, one soft white winter wheat, and one durum wheat. Experimental factors investigated were grain sample preparation, method of gliadin extraction, and method of staining. The only factor that produced qualitative deviations in the electrophoregram was inefficient extraction of the gliadin protein with ineffective solvents. If appropriate gliadin extracts are used, the electrophoregram is a true genotypic character that can be used to identify the cultivar.

WHEAT CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION BY GLIADIN ELECTROPHOREGRAMS. I. APPARATUS, METHOD AND NOMENCLATURE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BUSHUK ◽  
R. R. ZILLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

An apparatus and method are described for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadins. Since the gliadin pattern (electrophoregram) is a genotypic character, electrophoresis offers a promising means for identifying wheat cultivars. Electrophoregrams are presented for a number of wheat cultivars to illustrate the results that can be obtained by the method described. A new nomenclature for gliadin bands (components) separated by this method is also presented. The nomenclature uses a major band in the electrophoregram of the Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivar Marquis as the reference. It was assigned an arbitrary mobility of 0.50; all other bands of Marquis and other cultivars are identified on the basis of electrophoretic mobility relative to 0.50 for the reference band under identical electrophoresis conditions.

To Eliminate Curtain Effect of FIB TEM Samples by a Combination of Sample Dicing and Backside Milling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Shing Luo ◽  
Hsiu Ting Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Several methods are used to invert samples 180 deg in a dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) system for backside milling by a specific in-situ lift out system or stages. However, most of those methods occupied too much time on FIB systems or requires a specific in-situ lift out system. This paper provides a novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation method to eliminate the curtain effect completely by a combination of backside milling and sample dicing with low cost and less FIB time. The procedures of the TEM pre-thinned sample preparation method using a combination of sample dicing and backside milling are described step by step. From the analysis results, the method has applied successfully to eliminate the curtain effect of dual beam FIB TEM samples for both random and site specific addresses.

Cross-Section Sample Preparation Method for Imaging Dopant Related Anomalies Using Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaminathan Subramanian ◽  
Khiem Ly ◽  
Tony Chrastecky
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Section Sample

Abstract Visualization of dopant related anomalies in integrated circuits is extremely challenging. Cleaving of the die may not be possible in practical failure analysis situations that require extensive electrical fault isolation, where the failing die can be submitted of scanning probe microscopy analysis in various states such as partially depackaged die, backside thinned die, and so on. In advanced technologies, the circuit orientation in the wafer may not align with preferred crystallographic direction for cleaving the silicon or other substrates. In order to overcome these issues, a focused ion beam lift-out based approach for site-specific cross-section sample preparation is developed in this work. A directional mechanical polishing procedure to produce smooth damage-free surface for junction profiling is also implemented. Two failure analysis applications of the sample preparation method to visualize junction anomalies using scanning microwave microscopy are also discussed.

scholarly journals Application of the Dehydration Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction (DHLLE) Sample Preparation Method for Fingerprinting of Honey Volatiles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2277
Author(s):  
Piotr M. Kuś ◽  
Igor Jerković
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Groups

Recently, we proposed a new sample preparation method involving reduced solvent and sample usage, based on dehydration homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (DHLLE) for the screening of volatiles and semi-volatiles from honey. In the present research, the method was applied to a wide range of honeys (21 different representative unifloral samples) to determine its suitability for detecting characteristic honey compounds from different chemical classes. GC-FID/MS disclosed 130 compounds from different structural and chemical groups. The DHLLE method allowed the extraction and identification of a wide range of previously reported specific and nonspecific marker compounds belonging to different chemical groups (including monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, benzene derivatives, or nitrogen compounds). For example, DHLLE allowed the detection of cornflower honey chemical markers: 3-oxo-retro-α-ionols, 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoedulan, phenyllactic acid; coffee honey markers: theobromine and caffeine; linden honey markers: 4-isopropenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid and 4-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid, as well as furan derivatives from buckwheat honey. The obtained results were comparable with the previously reported data on markers of various honey varieties. Considering the application of much lower volumes of very common reagents, DHLLE may provide economical and ecological advantages as an alternative sample preparation method for routine purposes.

scholarly journals Micro Salting-Out Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion: A Simple and Fast Sample Preparation Method for the Analysis of Bisphenol Contaminants in Bee Pollen

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Jianing Zhang ◽  
Fengjie Yu ◽  
Yunmin Tao ◽  
Chunping Du ◽  
Wenchao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion ◽  
Phase Dispersion ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Semi Solid

In the present work, a novel sample preparation method, micro salting-out assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (μ-SOA-MSPD), was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) contaminants in bee pollen. The proposed method was designed to combine two classical sample preparation methodologies, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), to simplify and speed-up the preparation process. Parameters of μ-SOA-MSPD were systematically investigated, and results indicated the significant effect of salt and ACN-H2O extractant on the signal response of analytes. In addition, excellent clean-up ability in removing matrix components was observed when primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent was introduced into the blending operation. The developed method was fully validated, and the limits of detection for BPA and BPB were 20 μg/kg and 30 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries and precisions were ranged from 83.03% to 94.64% and 1.76% to 5.45%, respectively. This is the first report on the analysis of bisphenol contaminants in bee pollen sample, and also on the combination of MSPD and HLLE. The present method might provide a new strategy for simple and fast sample preparation of solid and semi-solid samples.

In situ TEM study of stability of TaRhx diffusion barriers using a novel sample preparation method

Micron ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Dalili ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Martin Kupsta ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Douglas G. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Sample Preparation Method
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document