THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 25. Silene alba (Miller) E. H. L. Krause

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McNEILL
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Silene Alba ◽  
Melandrium Album ◽  
Agricultural Areas

A review is provided of information on the biology of Silene alba (Lychnis alba, Melandrium album), a weed species introduced from Eurasia, which occurs across the agricultural areas of Canada. A serious weed, especially of leguminous forage crops, white cockle is resistant to common herbicides such as 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South East Asia ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Murdannia Nudiflora ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Specialist Group

Abstract M. nudiflora is classified as one of the world's worst weeds by Holm et al. (1977), infesting no less than 16 crops in 23 countries. It is a major weed species in rice and other crops (Moody, 1989), and is a moderately invasive weed species both in agricultural crops and non-agricultural areas in South and South-east Asia (Waterhouse, 1993). Its special ability to root easily at the nodes, propagating clonally through cut stems and dispersal during tillage and land preparation make this weed difficult to control. This trait coupled with its ability to adapt and survive a wide ecological window of soil types, pH, moisture availability and soil drainage makes M. nudiflora a weed to watch for potential spread into new areas in near future, and a species under the 'alert list' by the Invasive Species Specialist Group. Oliveira Pellegrini et al. (2016) recognize M. nudiflora as one of two Murdannia species invasive in the Neotropics.

Silene alba and S. dioica in North America and the generic delimitation of Lychnis, Melandrium, and Silene (Caryophyllaceae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
The North ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Silene Alba ◽  
Melandrium Album ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Genus Silene

Evidence is presented from numerical studies of herbarium and cultivated specimens and from observations on time of flowering that North American weed populations of white cockle are referable to the European Silene alba (≡ Lychnis alba ≡ Melandrium album) and are not, as has been suggested, the products of hybridization between that species and S. dioica. The present status and distribution in North America of S. alba, S. dioica, and the hybrids between them are described. Evidence for different generic circumscriptions of Silene, Lychnis, and Melandrium is analysed and the limited applicability of the capsule dehiscence character is demonstrated. Recent treatments that accept Lychnis in a narrow sense and assign most of the North American species of the group to a large genus Silene are accepted pending further study. Two new subspecific combinations (S. uralensis subsp. attenuata (Farr) McNeill and S. uralensis subsp. montana (S. Watson) McNeill) are proposed.

scholarly journals Weed Phytosociological and Floristic Survey in Agricultural Areas of Southwestern Goiás Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANTOS W.F. ◽  
PROCÓPIO S.O. ◽  
SILVA A.G. ◽  
FERNANDES M.F. ◽  
BARROSO A.L.L.
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
West Region ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The use of the Roundup Ready(r) technology and the cultivation of a second crop influence the floristic composition of weed communities in Brazilian Central-West region cropping systems. This study has aimed to diagnose the dominant weed species in southwestern Goiás in areas of genetically-modified and conventional soybeans, using phytosociological and floristic surveys. Weed sampling was obtained by collecting all the plants present within a 0.5 m hollow frame, randomly thrown 20 times in each of thirty-five agricultural areas in the 2012/2013 harvest. Field survey was carried out in three periods: before desiccation for soybean sowing, before postemergence herbicide in soybean first application and before postemergence herbicide application in late harvest. A total of 525 m2 was inventoried and 3,219 weeds were collected, which included 79 species, 58 genera and 28 families. Families Poaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, were the most representative in the survey. Species Cenchrus echinatus, Glycine max, Chamaesyce hirta, Commelina benghalensis, and Alternanthera tenella stood out in importance. The RR+millet soybean treatment had the highest number of species (44), while the conventional soybean + sorghum treatment had the lowest number of species (18). The highest number of species was recorded in first sampling period. Treatments conventional soybean + maize and conventional soybean + millet showed higher similarity (70%), while treatments RR soybean + millet and conventional soybean + sorghum showed the least (51%). Species of difficult control were recorded in all cultivation systems analyzed.

scholarly journals COVER CROPS IN THE OFF-SEASON IN THE WEED MANAGEMENT AT NOTILLAGE AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
FERNANDO COUTO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽  
JULIANA LOURENÇO NUNES GUIMARÃES ◽  
VINÍCIUS SILVA SOUSA ◽  
MARCO ANTÔNIO MOREIRA DE FREITAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Main Growth ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT Cover crops can provide suppression of weeds and together with chemical control make the proper management of weeds in agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crop cultivation during the off-season on weed development in a no-tillage area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks scheme with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: fallow (control), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) + crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis + C. juncea + C. ochroleuca), millet + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajans), millet + Urochloa ruziziensis, millet + Urochloa ruziziensis + pigeon pea and millet + buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum. The evaluations were done at 30, 75 and 225 days after sowing of the cover crops (DAS). The main growth weed species in the area were Cenchrus echinathus, Euphorbia heterophylla and Digitaria insularis. Fallow treatment showed greater number of weed species with density of 184 plants m-2, 9.0 species and with 527.8 g m-2 of dry matter mass at 225 DAS. In all treatments verified reduction in the density and mass of weeds dry matter compared to the fallow, with average of 30 plants m-2, 5.8 species and 7.9 g m-2 at 225 DAS, respectively. The use of cover crops is an important strategy for weed control in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology in species of Bidens L. (Asteraceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Grombone-Guaratini ◽  
Vera Nisaka Solferini ◽  
João Semir
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Studies about reproductive biology of weed species can have implications on the establishment of controlling practices that minimize the effects of these weed populations on agricultural fields. The pollination biology of Bidens alba (L.) DC., B. pilosa L., and Bidens subalternans DC., was studied at different sites and climatic seasons. Bidens pilosa and B. subalternans are widely distributed in agricultural areas, in disturbed habitats, and along road sides. Bidens alba occur only along the coast. The three species are self-compatible and non agamospermous. The composition of the pollinator community changes during the year and between sites. Hymenopterans and lepidopterans are the most frequent visitors to Bidens species in both areas studied. Although the species are self-compatible, the presence of pollinators may affect the levels of inbreeding. The attraction of insects by Bidens species may be benefical to agricultural crop and may also have important implications for conservation biology.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 46. Silene noctiflora L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1243-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McNEILL
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Agricultural Areas

A review is provided of information on the biology of Silene noctiflora (Melandrium noctiflorum), night-flowering catchfly, an annual weed species introduced into North America from Eurasia. An important weed, particularly of grain and leguminous crops, S. noctiflora occurs across the agricultural areas of Canada, although less common in the Atlantic provinces. It is resistant to common herbicides such as 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, MCPA and mecoprop.

Risk Assessment of Weed Resistance in the Canadian Prairies

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Julia Y. Leeson ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Clark A. Brenzil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Weed Resistance

Agricultural practices, other than herbicide use, can affect the rate of evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This study examined associations of farm management practices with the occurrence of herbicide (acetyl-CoA carboxylase or acetolactate synthase inhibitor)-resistant weeds, based upon a multi-year (2001 to 2003) random survey of 370 fields/growers from the Canadian Prairies. Herbicide-resistant weeds occurred in one-quarter of the surveyed fields. The primary herbicide-resistant weed species was wild oat, with lesser occurrence of green foxtail, kochia, common chickweed, spiny sowthistle, and redroot pigweed. The risk of weed resistance was greatest in fields with cereal-based rotations and least in fields with forage crops, fallow, or where three or more crop types were grown. Weed resistance risk also was greatest in conservation-tillage systems and particularly low soil disturbance no-tillage, possibly due to greater herbicide use or weed seed bank turnover. Large farms (> 400 ha) had a greater risk of weed resistance than smaller farms, although the reason for this association was unclear. The results of this study identify cropping system diversity as the foundation of proactive weed resistance management.

Genetic and Molecular Enrichment Steps as Cloning Strategy in the Dioecious Melandrium album (Silene alba)

1992 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Veuskens ◽  
S. Hinnisdaels ◽  
C. Lacroix ◽  
A. T. Truong ◽  
A. Mouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silene Alba ◽  
Melandrium Album ◽  
Cloning Strategy

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PURITY OF NATURAL ALFALFA SEEDS ON THE PROCESSING EFFICIENCY

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoslav ĐOKIĆ ◽  
Rade STANISAVLJEVIĆ ◽  
Dragan TERZIĆ ◽  
Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ ◽  
Goran JEVTIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Crop Condition ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

This paper presents the results of the seed processing of ten lots of natural alfalfa seed with different purity (from 68.0% to 86.5%). The test was carried out at the seed processing center of the Institute for forage crops Kruševac-Serbia. Seed losses, processing output, seed yield and quality of the processed seed were investigated. It is important that the difference between the amounts of pure seed from laboratory assessment and the actual amount after processing, are low. The purity of natural alfalfa seed depends on the crop condition and the harvest process. In the seed processing of small-grained leguminous plants, the processing output of seed is directly dependent on the percentage of weed species and other species in the natural seed. Seeds of quarantine weeds of dodder and curly dock are a particularly big problem in alfalfa seeds. In the case of high-purity seeds with low quarantine weeds share, processing output are high. By the legal procedure on the seed quality, the content of pure seed, inert materials, weeds and other species in the processed seeds is defined. The efficiency of the alfalfa seed processing depends on the initial purity of the seed, as well as the applied technical and technological process of seed processing. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to optimally adjust and select the appropriate equipment for the processing of alfalfa seed, depending on the quantity and type of weeds and other ingredients in the natural alfalfa seeds.

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