FIELD EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF EPICUTICULAR WAX IN RAPESEED AND MUSTARD IN RESISTANCE TO ALTERNARIA BLACKSPOT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. SKOROPAD ◽  
J. P. TEWARI
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Cotton Swab

The role of epicuticular wax in conferring resistance to blackspot, incited by Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc, has been investigated under field conditions in four cultivars of rapeseed and mustard. In increasing order of resistance to blackspot they were: Torch (Brassica campestris L.), Midas (B. napus L), Lethbridge (LB) 22A (B. juncea (L.) Czern.), and Tower (B. napus). The leaves of Midas and Tower have appreciable amounts of epicuticular wax, and wiping of the leaves with a dry cotton swab significantly increases their susceptibility to the blackspot disease. Torch and LB 22A have minimal amounts of epicuticular wax and their disease susceptibility is generally not significantly altered upon wiping. It is concluded that the epicuticular wax in rapeseed and mustard confers resistance to blackspot and that this character could be used in breeding cultivars resistant to this disease.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPICUTICULAR WAX AND BLACKSPOT CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA BRASSICAE IN THREE LINES OF RAPESEED

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. TEWARI ◽  
W. P. SKOROPAD
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Physical Role ◽  
Wax Crystals

The physical role of epicuticular wax in rapeseed in conferring resistance to Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. has been investigated using the adaxial surface of the upper leaves of three lines of rapeseed. The lines of rapeseed were selected to offer a range of bloom and degrees of resistance to A. brassicae. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that epicuticular wax is organized in two layers. The distal layer is fluffy and consists of cylindrical wax crystals, while the proximal layer has plate-like wax crystals. The distal layer is thicker in the Iowa line (Brassica napus L.) than in the cv. Midas (B. napus), while the proximal layer is almost similar in the two cultivars. Torch (B. campestris L.) has only a minimal amount of wax. Wiping of the leaves with cotton wool removes the fluffy wax layer. The amount of wax per cm2 of the leaf surface is maximum in the Iowa line, followed by that in Midas and Torch. The contact angle of water droplets is significantly reduced and retention of conidia and development of blackspots caused by A. brassicae are significantly increased upon wiping of the leaves in Iowa line and Midas but not in Torch. It is concluded that the bloom in rapeseed confers partial resistance to A. brassicae by providing a water-repellent surface.

scholarly journals Replication of GWAS-identified neuroblastoma risk loci strengthens the role of BARD1 and affirms the cumulative effect of genetic variations on disease susceptibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Capasso ◽  
Sharon J. Diskin ◽  
Francesca Totaro ◽  
Luca Longo ◽  
Marilena De Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Genetic Variations

The role of goats as reservoir hosts for bovine herpes virus 1 under field conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Gür ◽  
Nural Erol ◽  
Orhan Yapıcı ◽  
Mehmet Kale ◽  
Mehmet Tolga Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Bovine Herpes Virus 1 ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

The Role of Leaf Epicuticular Wax in the Adaptation of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) to High Temperatures and Moisture Deficit Conditions

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suheb Mohammed ◽  
Trevis D. Huggins ◽  
Francis Beecher ◽  
Chris Chick ◽  
Padma Sengodon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax

scholarly journals Immunotoxicity of Xenobiotics in Fish: A Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9460
Author(s):  
Helmut Segner ◽  
Christyn Bailey ◽  
Carolina Tafalla ◽  
Jun Bo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
The Impact

The impact of anthropogenic contaminants on the immune system of fishes is an issue of growing concern. An important xenobiotic receptor that mediates effects of chemicals, such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Fish toxicological research has focused on the role of this receptor in xenobiotic biotransformation as well as in causing developmental, cardiac, and reproductive toxicity. However, biomedical research has unraveled an important physiological role of the AhR in the immune system, what suggests that this receptor could be involved in immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants. The aims of the present review are to critically discuss the available knowledge on (i) the expression and possible function of the AhR in the immune systems of teleost fishes; and (ii) the impact of AhR-activating xenobiotics on the immune systems of fish at the levels of immune gene expression, immune cell proliferation and immune cell function, immune pathology, and resistance to infectious disease. The existing information indicates that the AhR is expressed in the fish immune system, but currently, we have little understanding of its physiological role. Exposure to AhR-activating contaminants results in the modulation of numerous immune structural and functional parameters of fish. Despite the diversity of fish species studied and the experimental conditions investigated, the published findings rather uniformly point to immunosuppressive actions of xenobiotic AhR ligands in fish. These effects are often associated with increased disease susceptibility. The fact that fish populations from HAH- and PAH-contaminated environments suffer immune disturbances and elevated disease susceptibility highlights that the immunotoxic effects of AhR-activating xenobiotics bear environmental relevance.

Functional genetic mouse models: promising tools for investigation of the proteolytic internet

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Polymorphism ◽  
Specific Protease ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genetic Mouse Models

Abstract Knockout mice are the gold standard to probe for the role of a specific protease within the interacting network of proteases, substrates, and inhibitors. This proteolytic network, or protease web, determines cell signaling and organ homeostasis. Therefore, protease deficiency or inhibition is intrinsically tied to alterations within this network, always leading to new molecular phenotypes, which define susceptibility of an organ to disease. Furthermore, recent hints, mainly from research on matrix metalloproteinases, about the impact of the protease web on inter-organ signaling molecules suggest the existence of a proteolytic internet of communicating local organ- or molecular polymorphism-specific networks, thereby defining homeostasis and disease susceptibility in the whole organism.

The role of gp130/IL-6 cytokines in the development of pulmonary fibrosis: critical determinants of disease susceptibility and progression?

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl A. Knight ◽  
Matthias Ernst ◽  
Gary P. Anderson ◽  
Yuben P. Moodley ◽  
Steven E. Mutsaers
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Disease Susceptibility
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