EFFECTS OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC NITROGEN APPLIED THE YEAR PREVIOUS ON EARLY GREEN COLOR RETURN OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Green Color

Total N applied during the main summer fertilizing program influenced the early green color return of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) the following spring. Where inorganic N was the only source, there was a highly significant positive correlation between the total amount of N and the early green color return in the spring. The results were linear within the range tested (0.83–2.41 kg/100 m2 actual) and all treatments fell within the confidence limits. When two applications of organic N were used with one application of inorganic N, no trend was established within the range of 1.00–1.88 kg/100 m2. In these latter combinations, there was a response to varying amounts of inorganic N, but not with organic N. The high correlations and nature of the fit to the regression line would suggest a "luxury uptake" of inorganic N and overwinter storage by the turf grass similar to that reported in some woody plants. Since the plots receiving organic fertilizer went dormant early in the fall, such uptake is not likely and the early green color return would seem to be dependent on the bacterial release of N from the organic residues within the soil as the temperature increased.

Rapid determinations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil leachate using mid-infrared spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
X.M. Yang ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
M. Reeb ◽  
T. Oloya
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

Mid-infrared spectroscopy in the transmission mode was used to predict inorganic nitrogen (N), organic N, and total N in soil leachate. The developed predictions were accurate and robust for total N, NH4+, NO3−, inorganic N (NH4+ + NO3−), and organic N (total N − inorganic N) with high determination coefficients (R2 = 96.7 − 99.0) and residual prediction deviation (RPD = 5.47 − 9.96). The proposed method simultaneously estimates the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen species in soil leachates accurately and with significant savings in time, cost, and chemicals relevant to conventional methods.

SUMMER COLOR AND FALL COLOR RETENTION OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS RECEIVING VARYING AMOUNTS AND TIMING OF INORGANIC OR INORGANIC-ORGANIC COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021
Author(s):  
S. H. NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Color Retention

Varying levels of N as ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate phosphate, ammonium phosphate sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate (0.83–2.51 kg N/100 m2/season) applied in three replications at 6-wk intervals (mid-May to mid-August) did not markedly affect the summer color quality of Kentucky bluegrass turf when the season was warm. When the season had a below-normal number of accumulated degree days, however, there was a positive correlation and linear regression between green color of the turf and the amount of N applied. When organic N (processed sewage) was used in two of the applications and inorganic N in one of the three replications, the green color response of the turf during summer was even more influenced by growing conditions. With a below-normal accumulation of degree growing days in 1975 there was no difference in green color from varying levels of organic N while in 1976 with an above-normal accumulation of degree days there was a better green color development with the higher levels of organic N. In the fall, higher levels of green color were maintained from higher levels of inorganic N. Varying the amount of nitrogen within the three application dates did not affect this correlation. When two applications of organic N were used in combination with one application of inorganic N, however, this correlation between better green color and higher rate of N did not show up until very late when all scores were relatively low. Although the range of scores for inorganic and inorganic-organic combinations had a similar range on any particular date in the fall, the application of inorganic N on the final date gave the best color retention and those receiving organic N on the final date tended to go dormant earlier. Where early spring green color or fall color retention of the turf is desired in northern climates, the inorganic form of N is more suitable than the organic form. The amount of color was positively correlated with the amount of inorganic N applied during the summer fertilizer program.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

scholarly journals Paper Sludge Amendments for Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Norrie ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Substrate Mixtures ◽  
K Fertilization

The behavior of turfgrass grown on paper-sludge-amended soils was evaluated over 2 years. Two experiments were performed, one with deinked sludge and another with primary sludge. Four paper sludge, sand, and organic soil substrate mixtures with proportions ranging from 0% to 50% paper sludge were incorporated into existing soils. Two fertilization levels were applied in strip plots across sludge treatments and three turfgrasses of seeded Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. `Georgetown'), Kentucky bluegrass sod, and an 80 Kentucky bluegrass: 20 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. `Prelude') seed mix were arranged within split plots. Effects of deinked and primary sludge experiments were similar. Supplemental N and, to a lesser degree, P and K fertilization with N at ≈4.5 to 5.5 t·ha–1, P at 1.18 to 1.26 t·ha–1, and K at 1.34 to 1.46 t·ha–1 improved ground cover, turf color, and stand quality. Despite differences in visual evaluations, leaf mineral nutrition was only slightly affected by fertilization treatments. Soil in nonfertilized plots was several times lower in N-NO3 when compared to fertilized plots, regardless of sludge rate. Soil in fertilized plots had higher concentrations of inorganic N regardless of sludge amendment. The soil C: N ratio was ≈13:1 in nonamended plots and more than 15:1 under the highest sludge rate. Deinked and primary paper sludges can be used effectively as soil amendments if turfgrass receives adequate supplemental N, P, and K.

Turnover of nitrogen from components of lupin stubble to wheat in sandy soil

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Russell ◽  
I. R. P. Fillery
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Net Mineralisation

The rate of decomposition of 15N-labelled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) stubble and the use of mineralised 15N by wheat were determined in field experiments on a deep loamy sand previously cropped to lupin. In one experiment, leaf, stem, and pod (pod-valve) components were applied separately to mini-plots that were either left unplanted or subsequently planted to wheat. In the second experiment, leaf and stem components, each of either low or high N concentration, were applied separately to mini-plots which were subsequently planted to wheat. Soil was recovered in layers to a maximum depth of 1 m and subsequently analysed for 15N in NH + 4 , NO-3 , and total N. The net mineralisation of stubble 15N was estimated from the decrease in soil organic 15N (total 15N – inorganic 15N), and the uptake of 15N by wheat was measured periodically. All treatments were characterised by the high retention of lupin stubble 15N in the soil organic matter. Between 9 and 34% of stem and pod 15N, and 19–49% of leaf 15N, was mineralised within a 10-month period. From these data the annual net mineralisation of a typical lupin stubble was estimated at 25–42 kg N/ha, an N benefit similar to that estimated from agronomic trials. Wheat uptake of lupin-stubble 15N ranged from 9 to 27%. Of the stubble components, only the leaf contained sufficient quantities of mineralisable N to be an important source of N for wheat. At wheat maturity in the first experiment, losses of stubble 15N ranged from 13% (leaf) to 7% (stem). In the second experiment, losses of 15N were only observed from the high N treatments (leaf 8%, stem 15·5%). Stubble component chemistry appeared to affect net mineralisation and plant uptake differently. Across both experiments, annual net mineralisation best correlated (R = 0·69) with the N concentration of the stubble components. Wheat N uptake was strongly positively correlated with polysaccharide content (R = 0·89) but negatively correlated with lignin content (R = – 0·79). Although large quantities (58 and 98 kg N/ha) of soil-derived inorganic N were found in the root-zone (–1·0 m) of wheat sown after lupins, and attributed to the decomposition of lupin root systems and surface residues prior to the establishment of each experiment, it is concluded that the short-term decomposition of lupin stubble 15N results in a modest release of inorganic N. Consequently, the primary value of lupin stubble in the N economy of lupin : cereal rotations is to replenish the soil organic N reserve.

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Organic Nitrogen Components in Paddy Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1116-1119
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Yun Jiang Liang ◽  
Min Jie Fu ◽  
Ze Yu Guan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Hydrolysable N

In order to reveal characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under long-term different fertilization methods on paddy field, selected 7 typical paddy field of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian of Jilin Province, collected soil samples of 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm, analyzed total nitrogen content of soil and each component of organic nitrogen. Results showed that effects of different fertilization methods on content of soil total acid hydrolysable N (TAHN), amino acid N (AAN), ammonia sugar N (ASN), acid-hydrolysable unknown N (AUN) in 0 to 10 cm soil had significant influence or more, and non hydrolysable N (NHN), AAN and ASN accounted for proportion of total N (TN) had significant influence. Effects soil organic nitrogen components in 10 to 20 cm soil had not significant influence. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to improve soil total organic nitrogen, mainly by improving content of AAN and ASN; Long-term application inorganic fertilizer led to NHN accumulation, but applying organic fertilizer was beneficial to NHN transformation, increase content of AAN; TAHN, NHN, AN, AAN, ASN content in 0 to 10 cm soil were slightly higher than that in 10 to 20 cm soil, and content of HUN had no obvious regularity between two soil layers.

scholarly journals Characterization of organic nitrogen in aerosols at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Mingjie Xie ◽  
Michael D. Hays ◽  
Eric Edgerton ◽  
Donna Schwede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Total N ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Nitro Aromatics

Abstract. This study investigates the composition of organic particulate matter in a remote montane forest in the southeastern U.S., focusing on the role of organic nitrogen (N) in sulfur-containing secondary organic aerosol (nitrooxy-organosulfates) and aerosols associated with biomass burning (nitro-aromatics). Bulk water soluble organic N (WSON) represented ~ 14 % w/w of water soluble total N (WSTN) in PM2.5, on average, across seasonal measurement campaigns conducted in the spring, summer, and fall of 2015. Largest contributions of WSON to WSTN were observed in spring (~ 18 % w/w) and lowest in the fall (~ 10 % w/w). On average, identified nitro-aromatic and nitrooxy-organosulfate compounds accounted for a small fraction of WSON, ranging from ~ 1 % in spring to ~ 4 % in fall, though were observed to contribute as much as 28 % w/w of WSON in individual samples. Highest concentrations of oxidized organic N species occurred during summer (average of 0.65 ngN/m3) along with a greater relative abundance of higher generation oxygenated terpenoic acids, indicating an association with more aged aerosol. Highest concentrations of nitro-aromatics (e.g. nitrocatechol and methyl-nitrocatechol), levoglucosan, and aged SOA tracers were observed during fall, associated with aged biomass burning plumes. Nighttime nitrate radical chemistry is the most likely formation pathway for nitrooxy-organosulfates observed at this low NOx site (generally

scholarly journals Organic nitrogen in precipitation across Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8093-8109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Cape ◽  
Y. S. Tang ◽  
J. González-Benítez ◽  
M. Mitošinková ◽  
U. Makkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract. Measurements of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation samples from NitroEurope sites across Europe permit the calculation of organic nitrogen concentrations and wet deposition, by difference. The contribution of organic N to total N in precipitation ranged from only a few % to around 40% across sites from Northern Finland to Italy, similar to results from previous individual studies. This paper presents the absolute and relative contributions of organic N to wet N deposition across Europe, and examines seasonal trends. There were only weak correlations with other solutes in precipitation. These simple statistics indicate that sources of organic N in precipitation vary across Europe, and that no single source is responsible. The organic N contributes to total N deposition, yet this input is rarely quantified in nitrogen budgets.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dan N, P, K Terhadap C-Organik, N-Total, Serapan N Serta Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Pada Inceptisol Asal Jatinangor

SoilREns ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rija Sudirja ◽  
Maya Damayani ◽  
Eso Solihin ◽  
Wulan Sri Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Rice is one of the staples of Indonesian society. Development of rice cultivation can be carried out on Inceptisol soils. This land has a wide distribution of around 70.52 million, but it has an unfavorable fertility rate so fertilization is needed in order to increase fertility and yield of lowland rice. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of liquid organic fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer on C-Organic, N-Total, N uptake and Yield (Oryza Sativa L.) on Inceptisol from Jatinangor. The experiment was held on March 2019 until July 2019 at Ciparanje Experimental Field and Laboratory Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications. The result of study showed that the combination of liquid organic fertilizer and N, P, K is affected on organic C, total N, N uptake and rice yield. The application of one liquid organik fertilizer and ¾ N, P, K gave the best rice yield of 8,55 kg/plot or equal to 6,84 ton/ha.

Influence of soil type, crop management and weather on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to winter wheat in spring

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
P. B. S. Hart ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Percentage Loss

SUMMARY15N-labelled fertilizer was applied, in spring, to winter wheat crops in nine experiments in eastern England over a period of 4 years. Five were on Batcombe Series silty clay loam, two on Beccles Series sandy clay loam (with a mole-drained clay subsoil) and two on Cottenham Series sandy loam. In three of the experiments, different rates of fertilizer N were applied (up to 234 kg N/ha); in the others, a single rate (between 140 and 230 kg/ha) was used.Recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground crop (grain, chaff, straw and stubble) ranged from 46 to 87% (mean 68%). The quantity of fertilizer N retained in the soil at harvest was remarkably constant between different experiments, averaging 18% where labelled N was applied as 15NH415NO3, but less (7–14%) where K16NO3 was applied. Of the labelled N present in soil to a depth of 70 cm, 84–88% was within the cultivated layer (0–23 cm).L70 = 5(± 1 63) + 0·264(±00352) R3accounted for 73% of the variation in the data where: L70 = percentage loss of fertilizer N from the crop: soil system, defined as percentage of labelled N not recovered in crop or in soil to a depth of 70 cm at the time of harvest; R3 = rainfall (in mm) in the 3 weeks following application of N fertilizer.There was a tendency for percentage loss of fertilizer N to be greater when a quantity of N in excess of that required for maximum grain yield was applied. However, a multiple regression relating loss both to rainfall and to quantity of N applied accounted for no more variance than the regression involving rainfall alone. In one experiment, early and late sowing were compared on the first wheat crop that followed oats. The loss of N from the early-sown crop, given fertilizer N late in spring, was only 4% compared with 26 % from the later-sown crop given N at the same time, so that sowing date had a marked effect on the loss of spring-applied fertilizer N.Uptake of unlabelled N, derived from mineralization of organic N in soil, autumn-applied N (where given) and from atmospheric inputs, was < 30 kg/ha on a low organic matter (0·08% total N) sandy soil but > 130 kg/ha when wheat followed potatoes or beans on soil containing c. 0·15 % total N. Unlabelled N accounted for 20–50% of the total N content of fertilized crops at harvest. About 50% of this unlabelled N had already been taken up by the time of fertilizer application in spring and the final quantity was closely correlated with the amount present in the crop at this time. Applications of labelled fertilizer N tended to increase uptake of unlabelled N by 10–20 kg/ha, compared to controls receiving no N fertilizer. This was probably due to pool substitution, i.e. labelled inorganic N standing proxy for unlabelled inorganic N that would otherwise have been immobilized or denitrified.

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